US6964168B1
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Advanced heat recovery and energy conversion systems for power generation and pollution emissions reduction, and methods of using same
Assignee: TAS Ltd
•
Filing: 2003-07-09
•
Granted: 2005-11-15
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Expires: 2023-07-09
Abstract
Abstract Disclosed herein are various systems and methods for producing mechanical power from a heat source. In various illustrative examples, the system may include a heat recovery heat exchanger, a turbine, an economizer heat exchanger, a condenser heat exchanger, and a liquid circulating pump, etc. In other embodiments, a desuperheater may be employed. In one illustrative embodiment, the system comprises a first heat exchanger adapted to receive a fluid from a heat source and a working fluid, wherein, when the working fluid is passed through the first heat exchanger, the working fluid is converted to a vapor via heat transfer with the fluid from the heat source, at least one turbine adapted to receive the vapor, and an economizer heat exchanger adapted to receive exhaust vapor from the turbine and the working fluid, wherein a temperature of the working fluid is adapted to be increased via heat transfer with the exhaust vapor from the turbine prior to the introduction of the working fluid into the first heat exchanger. The system further comprises a condenser heat exchanger that is adapted to receive the exhaust vapor from the turbine after the exhaust vapor has passed through the economizer heat exchanger and a cooling fluid, wherein a temperature of the exhaust vapor is reduced via heat transfer with the cooling fluid, and a pump that is adapted to circulate the working fluid to the economizer heat exchanger.
Inventors
- 👤 Tom L. Pierson
- 👤 John David Penton
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 19:38
CPC Classifications
F; F01; F01K; F01K25/00; F01K25/08; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E20/00; Y02E20/14; Y02E20/16
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 44
Claim 1
Independent Claim
228 words
A system, comprising: a first heat exchanger adapted to receive a fluid from a heat source and a working fluid, wherein, when the working fluid is passed through the first heat exchanger, the working fluid is converted to a supercritical vapor via heat transfer from the heat contained in said fluid from said heat source, wherein a temperature-enthalpy profile of said working fluid in the first heat exchanger is approximately linear as the working fluid changes state from a liquid to a supercritical vapor; at least one turbine adapted to receive said vapor and adapted to drive at least one generator to thereby produce electrical power; an economizer heat exchanger adapted to receive exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine and said working fluid, wherein a temperature of the working fluid is adapted to be increased via heat transfer with said exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine prior to the introduction of said working fluid into said first heat exchanger; a condenser heat exchanger that is adapted to receive said exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine after said exhaust vapor has passed through said economizer heat exchanger and a cooling fluid, wherein a temperature of said exhaust vapor is reduced via heat transfer with said cooling fluid; and a pump that is adapted to circulate said working fluid to said economizer heat exchanger.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
228 words
A system, comprising: a first heat exchanger adapted to receive a fluid from a heat source and a working fluid, wherein, when the working fluid is passed through the first heat exchanger, the working fluid is converted to a supercritical vapor via heat transfer from the heat contained in said fluid from said heat source, wherein a temperature-enthalpy profile of said working fluid in the first heat exchanger is approximately linear as the working fluid changes state from a liquid to a supercritical vapor; at least one turbine adapted to receive said vapor and adapted to drive at least one generator to thereby produce electrical power; an economizer heat exchanger adapted to receive exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine and said working fluid, wherein a temperature of the working fluid is adapted to be increased via heat transfer with said exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine prior to the introduction of said working fluid into said first heat exchanger; a condenser heat exchanger that is adapted to receive said exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine after said exhaust vapor has passed through said economizer heat exchanger and a cooling fluid, wherein a temperature of said exhaust vapor is reduced via heat transfer with said cooling fluid; and a pump that is adapted to circulate said working fluid to said economizer heat exchanger.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
55 words
The system of claim 1 further comprising a desuperheater heat exchanger that is adapted to decrease the temperature of the exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine via direct contact heat transfer with said exhaust vapor from the at least one turbine prior to introduction of said exhaust vapor into said condenser heat exchanger.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
16 words
The system of claim 1 wherein said working fluid is a single component other than water.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system of claim 1 wherein said working fluid is a combination of multiple components, none of which is water.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
12 words
The system of claim 1 , wherein said working fluid is HCFC-123.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
12 words
The system of claim 1 , wherein said working fluid is HFC-134a.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
21 words
The system of claim 1 wherein said fluid from said heat source is an exhaust fluid from a combustion gas turbine.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
27 words
The system of claim 1 wherein said fluid from said heat source is a fluid from at least one of an industrial process and a manufacturing process.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
21 words
The system of claim 1 wherein said fluid from said heat source is an exhaust fluid from an internal combustion engine.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
29 words
The system of claim 1 wherein said fluid from said heat source is a fluid that is extracted from an intermediate stage of compression of a multi-stage gas compressor.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
28 words
The system of claim 1 wherein said fluid from said heat source is a compressed gas that has exited a final stage of compression in a multi-stage compressor.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
26 words
The system of claim 1 wherein the electrical power generated is utilized in part or in full to drive at least one electrically powered refrigeration device.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
42 words
The system of claim 1 , further comprising a suction drum positioned downstream of said first heat exchanger and upstream of said turbine, said supercritical vapor from said first heat exchanger being adapted to flow through said suction drum to said turbine.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
69 words
The system of claim 1 , wherein said fluid from said heat source is a fluid that is extracted from an intermediate stage of compression of a multi-stage gas compressor of a combustion gas turbine, and wherein said at least one turbine is adapted to drive at least one compressor of a refrigeration system to thereby produce refrigeration which is utilized to chill air entering the combustion gas turbine.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
29 words
The system of claim 1 wherein the working fluid is HCFC-123 and said fluid from said heat source has a temperature of between approximately 350° F. and 1500° F.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system of claim 15 wherein said pump is adapted to operate at a pressure greater than approximately 200 psig.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
36 words
The system of claim 15 wherein said condenser heat exchanger is adapted to condense the exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine to a liquid at a temperature between approximately 50° F. and 200° F.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
29 words
The system of claim 1 wherein the working fluid is HFC-134a and said fluid from said heat source has a temperature of between approximately 250° F. and 1100° F.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system of claim 18 wherein said pump is adapted to operate at a pressure greater than approximately 320 psig.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
36 words
The system of claim 18 wherein said condenser heat exchanger is adapted to condense the exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine to a liquid at a temperature between approximately 50° F. and 170° F.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
26 words
The system of claim 1 wherein the working fluid is ammonia and said fluid from said heat source has a temperature less than approximately 400° F.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system of claim 21 wherein said pump is adapted to operate at a pressure greater than approximately 220 psig.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
36 words
The system of claim 21 wherein said condenser heat exchanger is utilized to condense said exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine to a liquid at a temperature between approximately 50° F. and 160° F.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
226 words
A system, comprising: a first heat exchanger adapted to receive a fluid from a heat source and a working fluid, wherein, when the working fluid is passed through the first heat exchanger, the working fluid is converted to a vapor via heat transfer from the heat contained in said fluid from said heat source; at least one turbine adapted to receive said vapor and to drive at least one compressor of a refrigeration system to thereby produce refrigeration, which may be utilized to chill the air entering a combustion gas turbine or to provide refrigeration to any other industrial, commercial, or residential refrigeration demand; an economizer heat exchanger adapted to receive exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine and said working fluid, wherein a temperature of the working fluid is adapted to be increased via heat transfer with said exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine prior to the introduction of said working fluid into said first heat exchanger; a condenser heat exchanger that is adapted to receive said exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine after said exhaust vapor has passed through said economizer heat exchanger and a cooling fluid, wherein a temperature of said exhaust vapor is reduced via heat transfer with said cooling fluid; and a pump that is adapted to circulate said working fluid to said economizer heat exchanger.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
226 words
A system, comprising: a first heat exchanger adapted to receive a fluid from a heat source and a working fluid, wherein, when the working fluid is passed through the first heat exchanger, the working fluid is converted to a vapor via heat transfer from the heat contained in said fluid from said heat source; at least one turbine adapted to receive said vapor and to drive at least one compressor of a refrigeration system to thereby produce refrigeration, which may be utilized to chill the air entering a combustion gas turbine or to provide refrigeration to any other industrial, commercial, or residential refrigeration demand; an economizer heat exchanger adapted to receive exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine and said working fluid, wherein a temperature of the working fluid is adapted to be increased via heat transfer with said exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine prior to the introduction of said working fluid into said first heat exchanger; a condenser heat exchanger that is adapted to receive said exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine after said exhaust vapor has passed through said economizer heat exchanger and a cooling fluid, wherein a temperature of said exhaust vapor is reduced via heat transfer with said cooling fluid; and a pump that is adapted to circulate said working fluid to said economizer heat exchanger.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
25 words
The system of claim 24 wherein said at least one turbine is further adapted to drive at least one generator to thereby produce electrical power.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
26 words
The system of claim 25 wherein the electrical power generated is utilized in part or in full to drive at least one electrically powered refrigeration device.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
212 words
A system, comprising: a first heat exchanger adapted to receive an exhaust fluid from a combustion gas turbine and a working fluid, wherein, when the working fluid is passed through the first heat exchanger, the working fluid is converted to a vapor via heat transfer from the heat contained in said exhaust fluid from said combustion gas turbine; at least one turbine adapted to receive said vapor and to drive at least one compressor of a refrigeration system to thereby produce refrigeration to chill air entering said combustion gas turbine; an economizer heat exchanger adapted to receive exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine and said working fluid, wherein a temperature of the working fluid is adapted to be increased via heat transfer with said exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine prior to the introduction of said working fluid into said first heat exchanger; a condenser heat exchanger that is adapted to receive said exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine after said exhaust vapor has passed through said economizer heat exchanger and a cooling fluid, wherein a temperature of said exhaust vapor is reduced via heat transfer with said cooling fluid; and a pump that is adapted to circulate said working fluid to said economizer heat exchanger.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
212 words
A system, comprising: a first heat exchanger adapted to receive an exhaust fluid from a combustion gas turbine and a working fluid, wherein, when the working fluid is passed through the first heat exchanger, the working fluid is converted to a vapor via heat transfer from the heat contained in said exhaust fluid from said combustion gas turbine; at least one turbine adapted to receive said vapor and to drive at least one compressor of a refrigeration system to thereby produce refrigeration to chill air entering said combustion gas turbine; an economizer heat exchanger adapted to receive exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine and said working fluid, wherein a temperature of the working fluid is adapted to be increased via heat transfer with said exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine prior to the introduction of said working fluid into said first heat exchanger; a condenser heat exchanger that is adapted to receive said exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine after said exhaust vapor has passed through said economizer heat exchanger and a cooling fluid, wherein a temperature of said exhaust vapor is reduced via heat transfer with said cooling fluid; and a pump that is adapted to circulate said working fluid to said economizer heat exchanger.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
60 words
The system of claim 27 wherein said at least one turbine is adapted to utilize at least one intermediate heat exchanger adapted to receive a cold refrigerant liquid and exhaust a warm refrigerant vapor while cooling an intermediate operating fluid utilized in a heat exchanger adapted to receive said intermediate media and provide cooling for the air entering the turbine.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
81 words
The system of claim 27 wherein said at least one turbine is adapted to utilize at least one intermediate refrigeration heat exchanger adapted to receive a cold refrigerant liquid and exhaust a warm refrigerant vapor while cooling an intermediate operating fluid utilized in a heat exchanger adapted to receive said intermediate media and provide cooling for the air entering the combustion gas turbine and at least some fraction of the work produced by the turbine is used to produce electrical power.
Claim 33
Independent Claim
212 words
A system, comprising: a first heat exchanger adapted to receive an exhaust fluid from a combustion gas turbine and a working fluid, wherein, when the working fluid is passed through the first heat exchanger, the working fluid is converted to a vapor via heat transfer from the heat contained in said exhaust fluid from said combustion gas turbine; at least one turbine adapted to receive said vapor and to drive at least one compressor of a refrigeration system to thereby produce refrigeration to chill air entering said combustion as turbine; a desuperheater heat exchanger adapted to receive exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine and a portion of the working fluid extracted upstream of the first heat exchanger, wherein the temperature of the exhaust vapor from the at least one turbine is adapted to be reduced via heat transfer by direct contact and mixing with said working fluid in said desuperheater heat exchanger; a condenser heat exchanger that is adapted to receive working fluid exiting said desuperheater heat exchanger and a cooling fluid, wherein a temperature of said working fluid is adapted to be reduced via heat transfer with said cooling fluid in said condenser heat exchanger; and a pump adapted to circulate said working fluid to said first heat exchanger.
Claim 34
Independent Claim
212 words
A system, comprising: a first heat exchanger adapted to receive an exhaust fluid from a combustion gas turbine and a working fluid, wherein, when the working fluid is passed through the first heat exchanger, the working fluid is converted to a vapor via heat transfer from the heat contained in said exhaust fluid from said combustion gas turbine; at least one turbine adapted to receive said vapor and to drive at least one compressor of a refrigeration system to thereby produce refrigeration to chill air entering said combustion as turbine; a desuperheater heat exchanger adapted to receive exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine and a portion of the working fluid extracted upstream of the first heat exchanger, wherein the temperature of the exhaust vapor from the at least one turbine is adapted to be reduced via heat transfer by direct contact and mixing with said working fluid in said desuperheater heat exchanger; a condenser heat exchanger that is adapted to receive working fluid exiting said desuperheater heat exchanger and a cooling fluid, wherein a temperature of said working fluid is adapted to be reduced via heat transfer with said cooling fluid in said condenser heat exchanger; and a pump adapted to circulate said working fluid to said first heat exchanger.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
62 words
The system of claim 30 wherein said at least one turbine is adapted to utilize at least one intermediate refrigeration heat exchanger adapted to receive the cooled working fluid and exhaust a warm refrigerant vapor while cooling an intermediate operating fluid utilized in a heat exchanger adapted to receive said intermediate operating fluid and provide cooling for the air entering the turbine.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
82 words
The system of claim 30 wherein said at least one turbine is adapted to utilize at least one intermediate refrigeration heat exchanger adapted to receive the cooled working fluid and exhaust a war refrigerant vapor while cooling an intermediate operating fluid utilized in a heat exchanger adapted to receive said intermediate operating fluid and provide cooling for the air entering the combustion gas turbine and at least some fraction of the work produced by the turbine is used to produce electrical power.
Claim 37
Independent Claim
227 words
A system, comprising: a first heat exchanger adapted to receive a fluid extracted from an intermediate stage of compression of a multi-stage gas compressor of a combustion gas turbine and a working fluid, wherein, when the working fluid is passed through the first heat exchanger, the working fluid is converted to a vapor via heat transfer from the heat contained in said fluid extracted from said intermediate stage of compression; at least one turbine adapted to receive said vapor and to drive at least one compressor of a refrigeration system to thereby produce refrigeration which is utilized to chill air entering said combustion gas turbine; an economizer heat exchanger adapted to receive exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine and said working fluid, wherein a temperature of the working fluid is adapted to be increased via heat transfer with said exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine prior to the introduction of said working fluid into said first heat exchanger; a condenser heat exchanger that is adapted to receive said exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine after said exhaust vapor has passed through said economizer heat exchanger and a cooling fluid, wherein a temperature of said exhaust vapor is reduced via heat transfer with said cooling fluid; and a pump that is adapted to circulate said working fluid to said economizer heat exchanger.
Claim 38
Independent Claim
227 words
A system, comprising: a first heat exchanger adapted to receive a fluid extracted from an intermediate stage of compression of a multi-stage gas compressor of a combustion gas turbine and a working fluid, wherein, when the working fluid is passed through the first heat exchanger, the working fluid is converted to a vapor via heat transfer from the heat contained in said fluid extracted from said intermediate stage of compression; at least one turbine adapted to receive said vapor and to drive at least one compressor of a refrigeration system to thereby produce refrigeration which is utilized to chill air entering said combustion gas turbine; an economizer heat exchanger adapted to receive exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine and said working fluid, wherein a temperature of the working fluid is adapted to be increased via heat transfer with said exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine prior to the introduction of said working fluid into said first heat exchanger; a condenser heat exchanger that is adapted to receive said exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine after said exhaust vapor has passed through said economizer heat exchanger and a cooling fluid, wherein a temperature of said exhaust vapor is reduced via heat transfer with said cooling fluid; and a pump that is adapted to circulate said working fluid to said economizer heat exchanger.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
62 words
The system of claim 33 wherein said at least one turbine is adapted to utilize at least one intermediate refrigeration heat exchanger adapted to receive the cooled working fluid and exhaust a warm refrigerant vapor while cooling an intermediate operating fluid utilized in a heat exchanger adapted to receive said intermediate operating fluid and provide cooling for the air entering the turbine.
Claim 40
Independent Claim
227 words
A system, comprising: a first heat exchanger adapted to receive a fluid extracted from an intermediate stage of compression of a multi-stage gas compressor of a combustion gas turbine and a working fluid, wherein, when the working fluid is passed through the first heat exchanger, the working fluid is converted to a vapor via heat transfer from the heat contained in said fluid extracted from said intermediate stage of compression; at least one turbine adapted to receive said vapor and to drive at least one compressor of a refrigeration system to thereby produce refrigeration which is utilized to chill air entering said combustion gas turbine; a desuperheater heat exchanger adapted to receive exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine and a portion of the working fluid extracted upstream of the first heat exchanger, wherein the temperature of the exhaust vapor from the at least one turbine is adapted to be reduced via heat transfer by direct contact and mixing with said working fluid in said desuperheater heat exchanger; a condenser heat exchanger that is adapted to receive working fluid exiting said desuperheater heat exchanger and a cooling fluid, wherein a temperature of said working fluid is adapted to be reduced via heat transfer with said cooling fluid in said condenser heat exchanger; and a pump adapted to circulate said working fluid to said first heat exchanger.
Claim 41
Independent Claim
227 words
A system, comprising: a first heat exchanger adapted to receive a fluid extracted from an intermediate stage of compression of a multi-stage gas compressor of a combustion gas turbine and a working fluid, wherein, when the working fluid is passed through the first heat exchanger, the working fluid is converted to a vapor via heat transfer from the heat contained in said fluid extracted from said intermediate stage of compression; at least one turbine adapted to receive said vapor and to drive at least one compressor of a refrigeration system to thereby produce refrigeration which is utilized to chill air entering said combustion gas turbine; a desuperheater heat exchanger adapted to receive exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine and a portion of the working fluid extracted upstream of the first heat exchanger, wherein the temperature of the exhaust vapor from the at least one turbine is adapted to be reduced via heat transfer by direct contact and mixing with said working fluid in said desuperheater heat exchanger; a condenser heat exchanger that is adapted to receive working fluid exiting said desuperheater heat exchanger and a cooling fluid, wherein a temperature of said working fluid is adapted to be reduced via heat transfer with said cooling fluid in said condenser heat exchanger; and a pump adapted to circulate said working fluid to said first heat exchanger.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
62 words
The system of claim 35 wherein said at least one turbine is adapted to utilize at least one intermediate refrigeration heat exchanger adapted to receive the cooled working fluid and exhaust a warm refrigerant vapor while cooling an intermediate operating fluid utilized in a heat exchanger adapted to receive said intermediate operating fluid and provide cooling for the air entering the turbine.
Claim 43
Independent Claim
206 words
A system, comprising: a first heat exchanger adapted to receive a superheated vapor from a high pressure stage of a refrigeration system that is utilized exclusively for the purpose of replacing a condenser in the refrigeration system and a working fluid, wherein, when the working fluid is passed through the first heat exchanger, the working fluid is converted to a vapor via heat transfer from the heat contained in said fluid from said heat source; at least one turbine adapted to receive said vapor; a desuperheater heat exchanger adapted to receive exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine and a portion of the working fluid extracted upstream of the first heat exchanger, wherein the temperature of the exhaust vapor from the at least one turbine is adapted to be reduced via heat transfer by direct contact and mixing with said working fluid in said desuperheater heat exchanger; a condenser heat exchanger that is adapted to receive working fluid exiting said desuperheater heat exchanger and a cooling fluid, wherein a temperature of said working fluid is adapted to be reduced via heat transfer with said cooling fluid in said condenser heat exchanger; and a pump adapted to circulate said working fluid to said first heat exchanger.
Claim 44
Independent Claim
206 words
A system, comprising: a first heat exchanger adapted to receive a superheated vapor from a high pressure stage of a refrigeration system that is utilized exclusively for the purpose of replacing a condenser in the refrigeration system and a working fluid, wherein, when the working fluid is passed through the first heat exchanger, the working fluid is converted to a vapor via heat transfer from the heat contained in said fluid from said heat source; at least one turbine adapted to receive said vapor; a desuperheater heat exchanger adapted to receive exhaust vapor from said at least one turbine and a portion of the working fluid extracted upstream of the first heat exchanger, wherein the temperature of the exhaust vapor from the at least one turbine is adapted to be reduced via heat transfer by direct contact and mixing with said working fluid in said desuperheater heat exchanger; a condenser heat exchanger that is adapted to receive working fluid exiting said desuperheater heat exchanger and a cooling fluid, wherein a temperature of said working fluid is adapted to be reduced via heat transfer with said cooling fluid in said condenser heat exchanger; and a pump adapted to circulate said working fluid to said first heat exchanger.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2008-11-14 | 2009-05-16 | 2009-11-15 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2012-11-14 | 2013-05-16 | 2013-11-15 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2016-11-14 | 2017-05-16 | 2017-11-15 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |