US6933812B2
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Electro-ferromagnetic, tunable electromagnetic band-gap, and bi-anisotropic composite media using wire configurations
Assignee: University of Michigan (System)
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Filing: 2003-10-10
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Granted: 2005-08-23
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Expires: 2023-10-10
Abstract
Abstract An artificial electro-ferromagnetic meta-material demonstrates the design of tunable band-gap and tunable bi-anisotropic materials. The medium is obtained using a composite mixture of dielectric, ferro-electric, and metallic materials arranged in a periodic fashion. By changing the intensity of an applied DC field the permeability of the artificial electro-ferromagnetic can be properly varied over a particular range of frequency. The structure shows excellent Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) behavior with a band-gap frequency that can be tuned by changing the applied DC field intensity. The building block of the electro-ferromagnetic material is composed of miniaturized high Q resonant circuits embedded in a low-loss dielectric background. The resonant circuits are constructed from metallic loops terminated with a printed capacitor loaded with a ferro-electric material. Modifying the topology of the embedded-circuit, a bi-anisotropic material (tunable) is examined. The embedded-circuit meta-material is treated theoretically using a transmission line analogy of a medium supporting TEM waves.
Inventors
- 👤 Kamal Sarabandi
- 👤 Hossein Mosallaei
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 14:48
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01P; H01P1/00; H01P1/20; H01P1/2005; H01P3/00; H01P3/02; H01P3/08; H01Q; H01Q1/00; H01Q1/36; H01Q1/38; H01Q15/00; H01Q15/0006; H01Q15/006; H01Q15/0086
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 35
Claim 1
Independent Claim
69 words
An electro-ferromagnetic meta-material comprising: a dielectric material; and a plurality of embedded resonant circuits arranged in a periodic structure within the dielectric material, each of the plurality of embedded resonant circuits including a metal loop having an arbitrary shape and size with at least one capacitive gap, the plurality of embedded resonant circuits defining means for varying permeability of an electro-ferromagnetic meta-material with an external direct current electric field.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
69 words
An electro-ferromagnetic meta-material comprising: a dielectric material; and a plurality of embedded resonant circuits arranged in a periodic structure within the dielectric material, each of the plurality of embedded resonant circuits including a metal loop having an arbitrary shape and size with at least one capacitive gap, the plurality of embedded resonant circuits defining means for varying permeability of an electro-ferromagnetic meta-material with an external direct current electric field.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
41 words
The meta-material of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of embedded resonant circuits has an identical resonant frequency in a plane perpendicular to a propagation direction, while being capable of having different resonant frequencies along the direction of propagation.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
15 words
The meta-material of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric material is a homogeneous dielectric material.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
32 words
The meta-material of claim 1 , wherein by varying a gap between the embedded resonant circuits along a direction of electric field polarization an effective permittivity of the meta-material can be adjusted.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
46 words
The meta-material of claim 1 , wherein the loop comprises at least two capacitive gaps, each of the two capacitive gaps located on an opposite leg of the metal loop, and wherein at least one of the two capacitive gaps is filled by a ferro-electric material.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
20 words
The meta-material of claim 5 , wherein the electronic tunable capacitor is supplied by one of diode and ferro-electric varactors.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
108 words
An electro-ferromagnetic meta-material comprising: a dielectric material; a plurality of embedded resonant circuits arranged in a periodic structure within the dielectric material, each of the plurality of embedded resonant circuits including a metal loop having an arbitrary shape and size with at least one capacitive gap, wherein the loop includes at least two capacitive gaps each of the two capacitive gaps located on an opposite leg of the metal loop and wherein at least one of the two capacitive gaps includes an electronic tunable capacitor; and a DC electric field applied to the dielectric material for tuning the electronic tunable capacitor to vary the band-gap of the meta-material.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
108 words
An electro-ferromagnetic meta-material comprising: a dielectric material; a plurality of embedded resonant circuits arranged in a periodic structure within the dielectric material, each of the plurality of embedded resonant circuits including a metal loop having an arbitrary shape and size with at least one capacitive gap, wherein the loop includes at least two capacitive gaps each of the two capacitive gaps located on an opposite leg of the metal loop and wherein at least one of the two capacitive gaps includes an electronic tunable capacitor; and a DC electric field applied to the dielectric material for tuning the electronic tunable capacitor to vary the band-gap of the meta-material.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
The meta-material of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of embedded resonant circuits comprise a stack of periodically printed circuits on a substrate of dielectric material.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
36 words
The meta-material of claim 1 , wherein odd layers of the plurality of embedded resonant circuits have a first resonant frequency and even layers of the plurality of embedded resonant circuits have a second resonant frequency.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
30 words
The meta-material of claim 9 , wherein the loop comprises at least two capacitive gaps, each of the two capacitive gaps located on an opposite leg of the metal loop.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
44 words
The meta-material of claim 1 , wherein respective capacitive gaps of odd layers of the plurality of embedded resonant circuits have a first capacitive value and respective capacitive gaps of even layers of the plurality of embedded resonant circuits have a second capacitive value.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
55 words
The meta-material of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of embedded resonant circuits comprises a first layer of embedded resonant circuits, a second layer of embedded resonant circuits and a third layer of embedded resonant circuits; and wherein each of the first layer, the second layer and the third layer has a unique resonant frequency.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
34 words
The meta-material of claim 12 further comprising: a plurality of I-shaped metallic strips located between adjacent embedded resonant circuits for increasing an effective permittivity of the dielectric material between the adjacent embedded resonant circuits.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
110 words
An electro-ferromagnetic meta-material comprising: a dielectric material; a plurality of embedded resonant circuits arranged in a periodic structure within the dielectric material each of the plurality of embedded resonant circuits including a metal loop having an arbitrary shape and size with at least one capacitive gap, wherein the plurality of embedded resonant circuits includes a first layer of embedded resonant circuits a second layer of embedded resonant circuits and a third layer of embedded resonant circuits; and wherein each of the first layers the second layer and the third layer has a unique resonant frequency, wherein adjacent embedded resonant circuits are separated by a distance equivalent to a quarter wavelength.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
110 words
An electro-ferromagnetic meta-material comprising: a dielectric material; a plurality of embedded resonant circuits arranged in a periodic structure within the dielectric material each of the plurality of embedded resonant circuits including a metal loop having an arbitrary shape and size with at least one capacitive gap, wherein the plurality of embedded resonant circuits includes a first layer of embedded resonant circuits a second layer of embedded resonant circuits and a third layer of embedded resonant circuits; and wherein each of the first layers the second layer and the third layer has a unique resonant frequency, wherein adjacent embedded resonant circuits are separated by a distance equivalent to a quarter wavelength.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
35 words
The meta-material of claim 14 further comprising: a plurality of I-shaped metallic strips located between the adjacent embedded resonant circuits for increasing an effective permittivity of the dielectric material between the adjacent embedded resonant circuits.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
43 words
The meta-material of claim 15 , wherein a resonant frequency of the first layer is less than a resonant frequency of the second layer; and wherein the resonant frequency of the second layer is less than a resonant frequency of the third layer.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
14 words
The meta-material of claim 16 , wherein the periodic structure comprises a three-dimensional cube.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
43 words
The meta-material of claim 12 , wherein a resonant frequency of the first layer is less than a resonant frequency of the second layer; and wherein the resonant frequency of the second layer is less than a resonant frequency of the third layer.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
27 words
The meta-material of claim 12 , wherein each of the plurality of embedded resonant circuits further comprises a ferro-electric material filling the at least one capacitive gap.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
17 words
The meta-material of claim 19 , wherein the ferro-electric material comprises one of diode and ferro-electric varactors.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
60 words
An electro-ferromagnetic meta-material comprising: a dielectric material; and a plurality of embedded resonant circuits arranged in a periodic structure within the dielectric material, each of the plurality of embedded resonant circuits including a metal loop having an arbitrary shape and size with at least one capacitive gap, wherein the metal loop has a shape providing bi-anisotropic properties to the meta-material.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
60 words
An electro-ferromagnetic meta-material comprising: a dielectric material; and a plurality of embedded resonant circuits arranged in a periodic structure within the dielectric material, each of the plurality of embedded resonant circuits including a metal loop having an arbitrary shape and size with at least one capacitive gap, wherein the metal loop has a shape providing bi-anisotropic properties to the meta-material.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
27 words
The meta-material of claim 21 , wherein each of the plurality of embedded resonant circuits further comprises a ferro-electric material filling the at least one capacitive gap.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
47 words
The meta-material of claim 21 , wherein the at least one capacitive gap comprises two capacitive gaps, each of the two capacitive gaps located on an opposite leg of the metal loop, and wherein at least one of the two capacitive gaps includes an electronic tunable capacitor.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
20 words
The meta-material of claim 23 , wherein the electronic tunable capacitor is supplied by one of diode and ferro-electric varactors.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
13 words
The meta-material of claim 14 , wherein a wideband band-gap structure is provided.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
13 words
The meta-material of claim 18 , wherein a wideband band-gap structure is provided.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
14 words
The meta-material of claim 26 , wherein the periodic structure comprises a three-dimensional cube.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
28 words
The meta-material of claim 26 , wherein the periodic structure comprises a three-dimensional structure having an isotropic band-gap independent of a wave incidence angle and a polarization state.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
21 words
The meta-material of claim 1 , wherein adjacent embedded resonant circuits are separated by a distance equivalent to a quarter wavelength.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
14 words
The meta-material of claim 25 , wherein the periodic structure comprises a three-dimensional cube.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
28 words
The meta-material of claim 25 , wherein the periodic structure comprises a three-dimensional structure having an isotropic band-gap independent of a wave incidence angle and a polarization state.
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