US6334065B1
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Stereo pulse oximeter
Assignee: JPMorgan Chase Bank NA
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Filing: 1999-05-27
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Granted: 2001-12-25
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Expires: 2019-05-27
Abstract
Abstract An improved pulse oximeter provides for simultaneous, noninvasive oxygen status and photoplethysmograph measurements at both single and multiple sites. In particular, this multiple-site, multiple-parameter pulse oximeter, or "stereo pulse oximeter" simultaneously measures both arterial and venous oxygen saturation at any specific site and generates a corresponding plethysmograph waveform. A corresponding computation of arterial minus venous oxygen saturation is particularly advantageous for oxygen therapy management. An active pulse-inducing mechanism having a scattering-limited drive generates a consistent pulsatile venous signal utilized for the venous blood measurements. The stereo pulse oximeter also measures arterial oxygen saturation and plethysmograph shape parameters across multiple sites. A corresponding calculation of delta arterial saturation and comparison of plethysmograph shape parameters between multiple sites is particularly advantageous for the detection and management of persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonates (PPHN), a patent ductus arteriosis (PDA), and aortic coarctation.
Inventors
- 👤 Ammar Al-Ali
- 👤 Mohamed K. Diab
- 👤 Massi E. Kiani
- 👤 Robert James Kopotic
- 👤 David Tobler
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 22:24
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B5/00; A61B5/145; A61B5/1455; A61B5/14551; A61B5/02; A61B5/0205; A61B5/1459; A61B5/68; A61B5/6801; A61B5/6813; A61B5/6814; A61B5/6815; A61B5/6819; A61B5/6825; A61B5/6826; A61B5/6829; A61B5/683; A61B5/6838; A61B5/74; A61B5/742; A61B5/746; A61B5/024; A61B5/02416; A61M; A61M16/00; A61M16/021; A61M2230/00; A61M2230/20; A61M2230/205
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 38
Claim 1
Independent Claim
93 words
A physiological monitor comprising: a sensor interface in communication with sensors adapted to be positioned at at least two peripheral tissue sites, said interface having an interface output responsive to light transmitted through said sites; and a signal processor in communication with said sensor interface output that provides a plurality of parameters corresponding to oxygen status or plethysmograph features of said at least two sites, said signal processor comparing at least one parameter from each of said at least two sites to determine the presence of a heart abnormality based upon the comparison.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
93 words
A physiological monitor comprising: a sensor interface in communication with sensors adapted to be positioned at at least two peripheral tissue sites, said interface having an interface output responsive to light transmitted through said sites; and a signal processor in communication with said sensor interface output that provides a plurality of parameters corresponding to oxygen status or plethysmograph features of said at least two sites, said signal processor comparing at least one parameter from each of said at least two sites to determine the presence of a heart abnormality based upon the comparison.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
25 words
The physiological monitor of claim 1 wherein said parameters comprise a first value and a second value related to at least one of said sites.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
The physiological monitor of claim 2 wherein said first value is an arterial oxygen saturation and said second value is a venous oxygen saturation.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
The physiological monitor of claim 3 wherein said parameters further comprise the difference between said arterial oxygen saturation and said venous oxygen saturation.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
The physiological monitor of claim 3 wherein said second value is derived from an active pulse generated at said site.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
41 words
The physiological monitor of claim 5 wherein: said signal processor further provides a scattering indicator corresponding to said site; and said sensor interface further comprises a pulse drive controlling the amplitude of said active pulse, said drive responsive to said indicator.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
18 words
The physiological monitor of claim 2 wherein at least one of said values is an indication of perfusion.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
105 words
A physiological monitor comprising: at least two sensor interfaces each in communication with at least one sensor adapted to be positioned at one of at least two peripheral tissue sites, each of said interfaces having at least one output responsive to light transmitted through a corresponding one of said sites; and a signal processor in communication with said sensor interface outputs, said processor having an output comprising a plurality of parameters corresponding to oxygen status or plethysmograph features of said sites, said signal processors comparing at least one parameter from each of said at least two sites to determine the presence of a heart abnormality.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
105 words
A physiological monitor comprising: at least two sensor interfaces each in communication with at least one sensor adapted to be positioned at one of at least two peripheral tissue sites, each of said interfaces having at least one output responsive to light transmitted through a corresponding one of said sites; and a signal processor in communication with said sensor interface outputs, said processor having an output comprising a plurality of parameters corresponding to oxygen status or plethysmograph features of said sites, said signal processors comparing at least one parameter from each of said at least two sites to determine the presence of a heart abnormality.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
35 words
The physiological monitor of claim 8 wherein said parameters comprise a first value relating to a first of said peripheral tissue sites and a second value relating to a second of said peripheral tissue sites.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
The physiological monitor of claim 9 wherein said first value and said second value are arterial oxygen saturations.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
23 words
The physiological monitor of claim 10 , wherein said signal processor compares said first value and said second value to analyze noise artifact.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
The physiological monitor of claim 10 , wherein said first value and said second value are determined through a transform to the frequency domain.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
The physiological monitor of claim 12 , wherein said analysis examines the fundamental frequency and harmonics of the pulse rate.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
18 words
The physiological monitor of claim 9 wherein said first value and said second value are plethysmograph waveform phases.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
49 words
The physiological monitor of claim 8 wherein said sensors comprise: a plurality of emitters and a detector; a connector in communication with said sensor interface; and a plurality of signal paths attached between said emitters and said detectors at a first end and said connector at a second end.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
47 words
A physiological monitoring method comprising the steps of: deriving a reference parameter and a test parameter from oxygen status measured from at least one of a plurality of peripheral tissue sites; and comparing said reference parameter to said test parameter so as to determine a heart abnormality.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
47 words
A physiological monitoring method comprising the steps of: deriving a reference parameter and a test parameter from oxygen status measured from at least one of a plurality of peripheral tissue sites; and comparing said reference parameter to said test parameter so as to determine a heart abnormality.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
55 words
The physiological monitoring method according to claim 16 wherein said reference parameter is a first oxygen saturation value and said test parameter is a second oxygen saturation value and said comparing step computes a delta oxygen saturation value equal to the arithmetic difference between said first oxygen saturation value and said second oxygen saturation value.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
57 words
The physiological monitoring method of claim 17 wherein said reference parameter is an arterial oxygen saturation measured at a particular one of said sites, said test parameter is a venous oxygen saturation measured at said particular one site and said comparing step determines the presence of a patient abnormality based on a negative delta oxygen saturation value.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
76 words
The physiological monitoring method according to claim 17 wherein said reference parameter is an arterial oxygen saturation value at a particular one of said sites, said test parameter is a venous oxygen saturation value at said particular site, said method further comprising the steps of: monitoring changes in said delta oxygen saturation as a function of inspired oxygen; and adjusting inspired oxygen so that said delta oxygen saturation value remains constant with changes in inspired oxygen.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
61 words
The physiological monitoring method according to claim 17 wherein said reference parameter is a first arterial oxygen saturation value at a first of said sites, said test parameter is a second arterial oxygen saturation value at a second of said sites, said method further comprising the step of detecting a patent ductus arteriosus when said delta saturation value is substantially zero.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
59 words
The physiological monitoring method according to claim 17 wherein said reference parameter is a first arterial oxygen saturation value at a first of said sites, said test parameter is a second arterial oxygen saturation value at a second of said sites, said method further comprising the step of detecting pulmonary hypertension when said delta saturation value is substantially non-zero.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
60 words
The physiological monitoring method according to claim 17 , wherein said reference parameter is a first arterial oxygen saturation value at a first of said sites, said test parameter is a second arterial oxygen saturation value at a second of said sites, said method further comprising the step of detecting an aortic coarctation when said delta saturation is substantially non-zero.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
38 words
The physiological monitoring method according to claim 16 , wherein said reference parameter is a plethysmograph feature measured at a first of said sites, said test parameter is a plethysmograph feature measured at a second of said sites.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
27 words
The physiological monitoring method according to claim 23 , wherein said comparing step determines the phase difference between plethysmographs at said first site and said second site.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
26 words
The physiological monitoring method according to claim 24 , further comprising the step of detecting a patent ductus arteriosus when said phase difference is substantially non-zero.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
25 words
The physiological monitoring method according to claim 24 , further comprising the step of detecting an aortic coarctation when said phase difference is substantially non-zero.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
29 words
The physiological monitoring method according to claim 23 , wherein said comparing step determines a relative amount of damping between plethysmographs at said first site and said second site.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
25 words
The physiological monitoring method according to claim 27 , further comprising the step of detecting a patent ductus arteriosus when said damping is substantially non-zero.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
24 words
The physiological monitoring method according to claim 27 , further comprising the step of detecting an aortic coarctation when said damping is substantially non-zero.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
23 words
The physiological monitoring method according to claim 27 , further comprising the step of detecting pulmonary hypertension when said damping is substantially non-zero.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
47 words
The physiological monitoring method of claim 16 , wherein said reference parameter is a first oxygen saturation value and said test parameter is a second oxygen saturation value, and said comparing step computes a difference between the first oxygen saturation value and said second oxygen saturation value.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
43 words
The physiological monitoring method of claim 31 , wherein said reference parameter is an arterial oxygen saturation measured at a particular one of said sites, and said test parameter is a venous oxygen saturation measured at a particular site one of said sites.
Claim 36
Independent Claim
108 words
A method of calculating oxygen saturation in a patient comprising the steps of: transmitting light of at least first and second wavelengths through tissue having flowing blood; detecting said light after it has passed through said tissue; generating an output signal indicative of the intensity of said light after attenuation; converting said output signal to the frequency domain; determining a ratio of the output signal based upon said first wavelength and said output signal based upon said second wavelength; examining the ratio at harmonics of the fundamental heart rate frequency to ascertain whether the ratio represents blood oxygen saturation; and calculating blood oxygen saturation based upon said ratio.
Claim 37
Independent Claim
108 words
A method of calculating oxygen saturation in a patient comprising the steps of: transmitting light of at least first and second wavelengths through tissue having flowing blood; detecting said light after it has passed through said tissue; generating an output signal indicative of the intensity of said light after attenuation; converting said output signal to the frequency domain; determining a ratio of the output signal based upon said first wavelength and said output signal based upon said second wavelength; examining the ratio at harmonics of the fundamental heart rate frequency to ascertain whether the ratio represents blood oxygen saturation; and calculating blood oxygen saturation based upon said ratio.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
55 words
The method of claim 33 , wherein said step of examining comprises testing the ratio of at least two harmonics of a fundamental frequency to determine whether the ratio of the output signal based upon said first wavelength and the output signal based upon said second wavelength are substantially the same as the determined ratio.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2004-12-24 | 2005-06-25 | 2005-12-25 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2008-12-24 | 2009-06-25 | 2009-12-25 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2012-12-24 | 2013-06-25 | 2013-12-25 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |