US6128736A
Expired / Lapsed
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Method for inserting a watermark signal into data
Assignee: NEC Corp
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Filing: 1998-12-18
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Granted: 2000-10-03
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Expires: 2018-12-18
Abstract
Abstract A method for inserting a watermark signal into data to be watermarked. The method includes the steps of: applying a partial watermark extraction to unwatermarked data for generating a first set of intermediate extracted values; identifying a first set of target values that are to replace the intermediate extracted values; computing the difference between the first set of target values and the first set of intermediate extracted values; and adding the computed difference throughout the unwatermarked data. In a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, the step of identifying a first set of target values that are to replace the intermediate extracted values further includes the substeps of: applying a transform to the first set of intermediate extracted values; applying a further partial watermark extraction to the transformed first set of intermediate extracted values to obtain a second set of intermediate extracted values; identifying a second set of target values that are to replace the second set of intermediate extracted values; computing the difference between the second set of target values and the second set of intermediate extracted values; adding the computed difference throughout the transformed first set of intermediate extracted values to obtain a transformed first set of target values; and applying an inverse transform to the first set of transformed target values to obtain the first set of target values.
Inventors
- 👤 Matthew L. Miller
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 12:45
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06T; G06T1/00; G06T1/0021; G06T1/0028
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 33
Claim 1
Independent Claim
220 words
A method for inserting a watermark signal into unwatermarked data, the watermark signal being extracted by application of a given watermark extraction process, the method comprising the steps of: (a) applying a part of the watermark extraction process to the unwatermarked data for generating a first set of intermediate extracted values; (b) identifying a first set of target values that are to replace the intermediate extracted values by; (i) applying a transform to the first set of intermediate extracted values; (ii) applying a further part of the watermark extraction process to the transformed first set of intermediate extracted values to obtain a second set of intermediate extracted values; (iii) identifying a second set of target values that are to replace the second set of intermediate extracted values; (iv) computing the difference between the second set of target values and the second set of intermediate extracted values; (v) adding the computed difference throughout the transformed first set of intermediate extracted values to obtain a transformed first set of target values; and (vi) applying an inverse transform to the first set of transformed target values to obtain the first set of target values; (c) computing the difference between the first set of target values and the first set of intermediate extracted values; and (d) adding the computed difference throughout the unwatermarked data.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
220 words
A method for inserting a watermark signal into unwatermarked data, the watermark signal being extracted by application of a given watermark extraction process, the method comprising the steps of: (a) applying a part of the watermark extraction process to the unwatermarked data for generating a first set of intermediate extracted values; (b) identifying a first set of target values that are to replace the intermediate extracted values by; (i) applying a transform to the first set of intermediate extracted values; (ii) applying a further part of the watermark extraction process to the transformed first set of intermediate extracted values to obtain a second set of intermediate extracted values; (iii) identifying a second set of target values that are to replace the second set of intermediate extracted values; (iv) computing the difference between the second set of target values and the second set of intermediate extracted values; (v) adding the computed difference throughout the transformed first set of intermediate extracted values to obtain a transformed first set of target values; and (vi) applying an inverse transform to the first set of transformed target values to obtain the first set of target values; (c) computing the difference between the first set of target values and the first set of intermediate extracted values; and (d) adding the computed difference throughout the unwatermarked data.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the unwatermarked data represents an audio signal.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of intermediate extracted values is smaller than the unwatermarked data.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 3, wherein the first set of intermediate extracted values is obtained by averaging subsets of the unwatermarked data.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the unwatermarked data represents an image.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the unwatermarked data represents a video signal.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 1, wherein step (d) comprises distributing the computed difference according to a perceptual model of human visual sensitivity.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 1, wherein step (d) comprises distributing the computed difference according to how affected the data will be to a predetermined attack so that the attack will not affect the watermarked data.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the data to be watermarked is represented in a spatial domain.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the unwatermarked data represents an audio signal.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the data to be watermarked is represented in a transformed domain.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 11, wherein the transformed domain is selected from a group consisting of DCT, block DCT, FFT, block FFT, wavelet, Hadamard transform, Cortex transform.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 1, wherein step (b) is performed such that the first set of target values maximizes a measure of robust match with the watermark signal.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
53 words
The method of claim 13, wherein the measure of robust match is determined according to the equations: w'=w-mean(w) u'=u-mean(u) Ec=w'.u'/sqrt(w'.w'*(u'.u'+Sn)) where x.y indicates the inner product of vectors x and y, w is the watermark signal, u is the first set of target values, Sn is expected noise, and Ec is expected correlation.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 4, wherein the second set of intermediate extracted values is smaller than the first set of intermediate extracted values.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 15, wherein the second set of intermediate extracted values is obtained by averaging subsets of the first set of intermediate extracted values.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the unwatermarked data represents an image.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the unwatermarked data represents a video signal.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 1, wherein step (v) comprises distributing the computed difference according to a perceptual model of human visual sensitivity.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 1, wherein step (v) comprises distributing the computed difference according to how affected the data will be to a predetermined attack so that the attack will not affect the watermarked data.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the data to be watermarked is represented in a transformed domain and wherein the second set of intermediate extracted values is represented in a spatial domain.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the data to be watermarked is represented in a temporal domain.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of intermediate extracted data is represented in a transformed domain and wherein the data to be watermarked is in a different transformed domain.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 23, wherein one of the transformed domains is selected from a group consisting of DCT, block DCT, FFT, block FFT, wavelet, Hadamard transform, Cortex transform.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 1, wherein step (iii) is performed such that the second set of target values maximizes a measure of robust match with the watermark signal.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
53 words
The method of claim 25, wherein the measure of robust match is determined according to the equations: w'=w-mean(w) u'=u-mean(u) Ec=W'.u'/sqrt(w'.w'*(u'.u'+Sn)) where x.y indicates the inner product of vectors x and y, w is the watermark signal, u is the second set of target values, Sn is expected noise, and Ec is expected correlation.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the data to be watermarked is represented in spatial and temporal domains.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the data to be watermarked is represented in a transformed domain and wherein the second set of intermediate extracted values is represented in a temporal domain.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the data to be watermarked is represented in a transformed domain and wherein the second set of intermediate extracted values is represented in spatial and temporal domains.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of intermediate extracted data is represented in a transformed domain and wherein the data to be watermarked is in a spatial domain.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of intermediate extracted data is represented in a transformed domain and wherein the data to be watermarked is in a temporal domain.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of intermediate extracted data is represented in a transformed domain and wherein the data to be watermarked is in spatial and temporal domains.
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