US6124597A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method and devices for laser induced fluorescence attenuation spectroscopy
Assignee: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
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Filing: 1997-07-07
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Granted: 2000-09-26
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Expires: 2017-07-07
Abstract
Abstract The Laser Induced Fluorescence Attenuation Spectroscopy (LIFAS) method and apparatus preferably include a source adapted to emit radiation that is directed at a sample volume in a sample to produce return light from the sample, such return light including modulated return light resulting from modulation by the sample, a first sensor, displaced by a first distance from the sample volume for monitoring the return light and generating a first signal indicative of the intensity of return light, a second sensor, displaced by a second distance from the sample volume, for monitoring the return light and generating a second signal indicative of the intensity of return light, and a processor associated with the first sensor and the second sensor and adapted to process the first and second signals so as to determine the modulation of the sample. The methods and devices of the inventions are particularly well-suited for determining the wavelength-dependent attenuation of a sample and using the attenuation to restore the intrinsic laser induced fluorescence of the sample. In turn, the attenuation and intrinsic laser induced fluorescence can be used to determined a characteristic of interest, such as the ischemic or hypoxic condition of biological tissue.
Inventors
- 👤 Ramez E. N. Shehada
- 👤 Vasilis Z. Marmarelis
- 👤 Warren S. Grundfest
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 13:46
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N21/00; G01N21/62; G01N21/63; G01N21/64; G01N21/6486; A; A61; A61B; A61B5/00; A61B5/0059; A61B5/0075; A61B5/0082; A61B5/0084; G01N21/17; G01N21/47; G01N21/49; G01N21/6402; G01N21/6428; A61B5/0071; A61B5/0086; A61B5/145; A61B5/1455; A61B5/72; A61B5/7235; A61B5/7264; A61B5/7267; G01N21/645; G01N2021/6484; G01N2201/00; G01N2201/06; G01N2201/061; G01N2201/06193
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 73
Claim 1
Independent Claim
84 words
A spectroscopic method of analyzing a sample, comprising: irradiating a sample with radiation to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated fluorescence at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated fluorescence at a second distance from the sample, the second distance being different from the first distance; comparing the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence to determine a modulation characteristic of the sample.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
84 words
A spectroscopic method of analyzing a sample, comprising: irradiating a sample with radiation to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated fluorescence at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated fluorescence at a second distance from the sample, the second distance being different from the first distance; comparing the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence to determine a modulation characteristic of the sample.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the radiation comprises substantially monochromatic light.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the radiation comprises laser light.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 1, wherein irradiating the sample comprises directing radiation at the sample using a waveguide.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 4, wherein the waveguide is an optical fiber.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 4, wherein the waveguide is an optical fiber bundle.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring of the modulated fluorescence comprises: collecting a portion of the modulated fluorescence; and determining the intensity of the collected portion of modulated fluorescence.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 7, wherein the first portion of the modulated fluorescence is collected with a first waveguide and the second portion of the modulated fluorescence is collected with a second waveguide.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 8, wherein the first waveguide is an optical fiber.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 8, wherein the first waveguide is an optical fiber bundle.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 8, wherein the second waveguide is an optical fiber.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 8, wherein the second waveguide is an optical fiber bundle.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 1, wherein irradiating the sample comprises directing radiation to the sample using a first waveguide and wherein the fluorescence is monitored using the first waveguide.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 7, wherein the intensity of the collected portion of the fluorescence is determined with a sensor.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 7, wherein the intensity of the first portion of the modulated fluorescence is determined with a sensor.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 7, wherein the intensity of the second portion of the modulated fluorescence is determined with a sensor.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method of claim 7, wherein the intensity of the first portion of the modulated fluorescence is determined with a first sensor and the intensity of the second portion of the modulated fluorescence is determined with a second sensor.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 7, wherein the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence are measured consecutively.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 7, wherein the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence are measured simultaneously.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 11, wherein the method further includes determining the intrinsic fluorescence of the sample.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is biological material.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 21, wherein the biological material is living tissue.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
22 words
The method claim of 21, wherein the method further includes determining a physiological property of the biological material using the modulation characteristic.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 21, wherein the method further includes determining a pathological property of the biological material using the modulation characteristic.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 22, wherein the method further includes determining a physiological property of the living tissue using the modulation characteristic.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 25, wherein the physiological property of the tissue is tissue oxygenation.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 22, wherein the method further includes determining a pathological property of the tissue using the modulation characteristic.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 27, wherein the pathological property of the tissue is the malignant condition of the tissue.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 1, wherein either but not both of the distances is substantially zero.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
88 words
A spectroscopic method of analyzing a sample, comprising: irradiating a sample with radiation to produce return radiation from the sample, wherein the return radiation is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated return radiation at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated return radiation at a second distance from the sample; processing the first and second portions of the modulated return radiation to determine a modulation characteristic of the sample, wherein the return radiation is modulated by attenuation.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
88 words
A spectroscopic method of analyzing a sample, comprising: irradiating a sample with radiation to produce return radiation from the sample, wherein the return radiation is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated return radiation at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated return radiation at a second distance from the sample; processing the first and second portions of the modulated return radiation to determine a modulation characteristic of the sample, wherein the return radiation is modulated by attenuation.
Claim 33
Independent Claim
13 words
The method of claims 30, wherein the return radiation is attenuated by scattering.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 30, wherein the return radiation is attenuated by absorption.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 30, wherein the modulation characteristic of the sample is attenuation.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 30, wherein the modulation characteristic of the sample is absorption.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 34, wherein the method further includes determining transmittance.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 30, wherein the modulation characteristic of the sample is optical rotation.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
112 words
A spectroscopic method of analyzing a sample, comprising: irradiating a sample with radiation to produce return radiation from the sample, wherein the return radiation is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated return radiation at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated return radiation at a second distance from the sample; processing the first and second portions of the modulated return radiation to determine a modulation characteristic of the sample; wherein the sample is biological material; wherein the method further includes determining a physiological property of the tissue using the modulation characteristic; and wherein the physiological property of the tissue is hypoxia.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
112 words
A spectroscopic method of analyzing a sample, comprising: irradiating a sample with radiation to produce return radiation from the sample, wherein the return radiation is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated return radiation at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated return radiation at a second distance from the sample; processing the first and second portions of the modulated return radiation to determine a modulation characteristic of the sample; wherein the sample is biological material; wherein the method further includes determining a physiological property of the tissue using the modulation characteristic; and wherein the physiological property of the tissue is hypoxia.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
104 words
A spectroscopic method for determining the oxygenation of a biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of a biological material with radiation to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by attenuation of the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated fluorescence at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated fluorescence at a second distance from the sample, the second distance being different from the first distance; comparing the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence to determine the attenuation of the sample; determining oxygenation of the sample using the attenuation of the sample.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
104 words
A spectroscopic method for determining the oxygenation of a biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of a biological material with radiation to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by attenuation of the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated fluorescence at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated fluorescence at a second distance from the sample, the second distance being different from the first distance; comparing the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence to determine the attenuation of the sample; determining oxygenation of the sample using the attenuation of the sample.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
127 words
A spectroscopic method for determining the oxygenation of a biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of a biological material with radiation to produce return radiation from the sample, wherein the return radiation is modulated by attenuation of the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated return radiation at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated return radiation at a second distance from the sample; processing the first and second portions of the modulated return radiation to determine the attenuation of the sample; determining oxygenation of the sample using the attenuation of the sample; wherein the oxygenation of the sample is determined by comparing the attenuation of the sample to the attenuation of a sample having a known level of oxygenation.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
127 words
A spectroscopic method for determining the oxygenation of a biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of a biological material with radiation to produce return radiation from the sample, wherein the return radiation is modulated by attenuation of the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated return radiation at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated return radiation at a second distance from the sample; processing the first and second portions of the modulated return radiation to determine the attenuation of the sample; determining oxygenation of the sample using the attenuation of the sample; wherein the oxygenation of the sample is determined by comparing the attenuation of the sample to the attenuation of a sample having a known level of oxygenation.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
108 words
A spectroscopic method for determining the concentration of hemoglobin in a biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of biological material with radiation to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by attenuation of the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated fluorescence at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated fluorescence at a second distance from the sample, the second distance being different from the first distance; comparing the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence to determine the attenuation of the sample; determining the concentration of hemoglobin in the sample using the attenuation of the sample.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
108 words
A spectroscopic method for determining the concentration of hemoglobin in a biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of biological material with radiation to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by attenuation of the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated fluorescence at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated fluorescence at a second distance from the sample, the second distance being different from the first distance; comparing the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence to determine the attenuation of the sample; determining the concentration of hemoglobin in the sample using the attenuation of the sample.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
112 words
A spectroscopic method for determining the concentration of hemoglobin in a biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of a biological material with radiation to produce return radiation from the sample, wherein the return radiation is modulated by attenuation of the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated return radiation at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated return radiation at a second distance from the sample; determining the concentration hemoglobin in the sample using the attenuation of the sample; wherein the concentration of hemoglobin is determined by comparing the attenuation of the sample to the attenuation of a sample having a known concentration of hemoglobin.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
112 words
A spectroscopic method for determining the concentration of hemoglobin in a biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of a biological material with radiation to produce return radiation from the sample, wherein the return radiation is modulated by attenuation of the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated return radiation at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated return radiation at a second distance from the sample; determining the concentration hemoglobin in the sample using the attenuation of the sample; wherein the concentration of hemoglobin is determined by comparing the attenuation of the sample to the attenuation of a sample having a known concentration of hemoglobin.
Claim 49
Independent Claim
95 words
A method for determining a physiological characteristic of a biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of biological material with radiation to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated fluorescence at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated fluorescence at a second distance from the sample, the second distance being different from the first distance; comparing the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence, using a predictive model, to determine a physiological characteristic of the sample.
Claim 50
Independent Claim
95 words
A method for determining a physiological characteristic of a biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of biological material with radiation to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated fluorescence at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated fluorescence at a second distance from the sample, the second distance being different from the first distance; comparing the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence, using a predictive model, to determine a physiological characteristic of the sample.
Claim 51
Independent Claim
101 words
A method for determining a physiological characteristic of a biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of a biological material with radiation to produce return radiation from the sample, wherein the return radiation is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated return radiation at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated return radiation at a second distance from the sample; processing the first and second portions of the modulated return radiation, using a predictive model, to determine a physiological characteristic of the sample; wherein the predictive model is a multivariate linear regression.
Claim 52
Independent Claim
101 words
A method for determining a physiological characteristic of a biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of a biological material with radiation to produce return radiation from the sample, wherein the return radiation is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated return radiation at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated return radiation at a second distance from the sample; processing the first and second portions of the modulated return radiation, using a predictive model, to determine a physiological characteristic of the sample; wherein the predictive model is a multivariate linear regression.
Claim 53
Independent Claim
106 words
A method for determining a physiological characteristic of biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of biological material with radiation to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated fluorescence at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated fluorescence at a second distance from the sample, the second distance being different from the first distance; comparing the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence to determine a modulation characteristic of the sample; processing the modulation characteristic using a predictive model to determine a physiological characteristic of the sample.
Claim 54
Independent Claim
106 words
A method for determining a physiological characteristic of biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of biological material with radiation to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated fluorescence at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated fluorescence at a second distance from the sample, the second distance being different from the first distance; comparing the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence to determine a modulation characteristic of the sample; processing the modulation characteristic using a predictive model to determine a physiological characteristic of the sample.
Claim 55
Independent Claim
102 words
A method for determining a physiological characteristic of a biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of a biological material with radiation to produce return radiation from the sample, wherein the return radiation is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated return radiation at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated return radiation at a second distance from the sample; processing the first and second portions of the modulated return radiation, using a predictive model, to determine a physiological characteristic of the sample; wherein the predictive model is a multicriteria associative memory classifier.
Claim 56
Independent Claim
102 words
A method for determining a physiological characteristic of a biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of a biological material with radiation to produce return radiation from the sample, wherein the return radiation is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated return radiation at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated return radiation at a second distance from the sample; processing the first and second portions of the modulated return radiation, using a predictive model, to determine a physiological characteristic of the sample; wherein the predictive model is a multicriteria associative memory classifier.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
124 words
Apparatus for analyzing a sample, comprising: a source adapted to emit radiation that is directed at a sample to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by the sample; a first sensor adapted to monitor the fluorescence at a first distance from the sample and generate a first signal indicative of the intensity of the fluorescence; a second sensor adapted to monitor the fluorescence at a second distance from the sample and generate a second signal indicative of the intensity of the fluorescence, the second distance being different from the first distance; and a processor associated with the first sensor and the second sensor and adapted to compare the first and second signals to determine a modulation characteristic of the sample.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
124 words
Apparatus for analyzing a sample, comprising: a source adapted to emit radiation that is directed at a sample to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by the sample; a first sensor adapted to monitor the fluorescence at a first distance from the sample and generate a first signal indicative of the intensity of the fluorescence; a second sensor adapted to monitor the fluorescence at a second distance from the sample and generate a second signal indicative of the intensity of the fluorescence, the second distance being different from the first distance; and a processor associated with the first sensor and the second sensor and adapted to compare the first and second signals to determine a modulation characteristic of the sample.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus of claim 46, wherein fiber optics transmit the fluorescence to the sensors.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
132 words
Apparatus for analyzing a sample, comprising: a source adapted to emit radiation that is directed at a sample volume in a sample to produce fluorescence from the sample, such fluorescence including modulated fluorescence resulting from modulation by the sample; a first sensor adapted to monitor the fluorescence at a first distance from the sample volume and generate a first signal indicative of the intensity of the fluorescence; a second sensor adapted to monitor the fluorescence at a second distance from the sample volume and generate a second signal indicative of the intensity of the fluorescence, the second distance being different from the first distance; a processor associated with the first sensor and the second sensor and adapted to compare the first and second signals to determine a modulation characteristic of the sample.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
132 words
Apparatus for analyzing a sample, comprising: a source adapted to emit radiation that is directed at a sample volume in a sample to produce fluorescence from the sample, such fluorescence including modulated fluorescence resulting from modulation by the sample; a first sensor adapted to monitor the fluorescence at a first distance from the sample volume and generate a first signal indicative of the intensity of the fluorescence; a second sensor adapted to monitor the fluorescence at a second distance from the sample volume and generate a second signal indicative of the intensity of the fluorescence, the second distance being different from the first distance; a processor associated with the first sensor and the second sensor and adapted to compare the first and second signals to determine a modulation characteristic of the sample.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
180 words
Apparatus for determining a modulation characteristic of a biological material, comprising: a source adapted to emit excitation light; a first waveguide disposed a first distance from the sample adapted to transmit the excitation light from the light source to the biological material to cause the biological material to produce fluorescence and adapted to collect a first portion of the fluorescence; a first sensor, associated with the first waveguide, adapted to measure the intensity of the first portion of the fluorescence and generate a first signal indicative of the intensity of the first portion of the fluorescence; a second waveguide disposed at a second distance from the sample adapted to collect a second portion of the fluorescence, the second distance being different from the first distance; a second sensor, associated with the second waveguide, adapted to measure the intensity of the second portion of the fluorescence and generate a second signal indicative of the intensity of the second portion of the fluorescence; a processor adapted to compare the first and second signals to determine a modulation characteristic of the biological material.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
180 words
Apparatus for determining a modulation characteristic of a biological material, comprising: a source adapted to emit excitation light; a first waveguide disposed a first distance from the sample adapted to transmit the excitation light from the light source to the biological material to cause the biological material to produce fluorescence and adapted to collect a first portion of the fluorescence; a first sensor, associated with the first waveguide, adapted to measure the intensity of the first portion of the fluorescence and generate a first signal indicative of the intensity of the first portion of the fluorescence; a second waveguide disposed at a second distance from the sample adapted to collect a second portion of the fluorescence, the second distance being different from the first distance; a second sensor, associated with the second waveguide, adapted to measure the intensity of the second portion of the fluorescence and generate a second signal indicative of the intensity of the second portion of the fluorescence; a processor adapted to compare the first and second signals to determine a modulation characteristic of the biological material.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
134 words
Apparatus for analyzing a sample, comprising: a source adapted to emit radiation that is directed at a sample volume in a sample to produce fluorescence from the sample, such fluorescence including modulated fluorescence resulting from modulation by the sample; a first sensor, displaced by a first distance from the sample volume adapted to monitor the fluorescence and generate a first signal indicative of the intensity of the fluorescence; and a second sensor, displaced by a second distance from the sample volume adapted to monitor the fluorescence and generate a second signal indicative of the intensity of fluorescence, the second distance being different from the first distance; a processor associated with the first sensor and the second sensor and adapted to compare the first and second signals to determine a physiological property of the sample.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
134 words
Apparatus for analyzing a sample, comprising: a source adapted to emit radiation that is directed at a sample volume in a sample to produce fluorescence from the sample, such fluorescence including modulated fluorescence resulting from modulation by the sample; a first sensor, displaced by a first distance from the sample volume adapted to monitor the fluorescence and generate a first signal indicative of the intensity of the fluorescence; and a second sensor, displaced by a second distance from the sample volume adapted to monitor the fluorescence and generate a second signal indicative of the intensity of fluorescence, the second distance being different from the first distance; a processor associated with the first sensor and the second sensor and adapted to compare the first and second signals to determine a physiological property of the sample.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
171 words
Apparatus for determining a physiological property of biological material, comprising: a source adapted to emit excitation light; a first waveguide disposed a first distance from the sample adapted to transmit the excitation light from the light source to the biological material to cause the biological material to produce fluorescence and adapted to collect a first portion of the fluorescence; a first sensor, associated with the first waveguide, for measuring the intensity of the first portion of the fluorescence and generating a first signal representative of the intensity of the first portion; a second waveguide disposed at a second distance from the sample adapted to collect a second portion of the fluorescence, the second distance being different from the first distance; a second sensor, associated with the first waveguide, for measuring the intensity of the second portion of the fluorescence and generating a second signal representative of the intensity of the second portion; a processor adapted to compare the first and second signals to determine a physiological property of the biological material.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
171 words
Apparatus for determining a physiological property of biological material, comprising: a source adapted to emit excitation light; a first waveguide disposed a first distance from the sample adapted to transmit the excitation light from the light source to the biological material to cause the biological material to produce fluorescence and adapted to collect a first portion of the fluorescence; a first sensor, associated with the first waveguide, for measuring the intensity of the first portion of the fluorescence and generating a first signal representative of the intensity of the first portion; a second waveguide disposed at a second distance from the sample adapted to collect a second portion of the fluorescence, the second distance being different from the first distance; a second sensor, associated with the first waveguide, for measuring the intensity of the second portion of the fluorescence and generating a second signal representative of the intensity of the second portion; a processor adapted to compare the first and second signals to determine a physiological property of the biological material.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
116 words
A spectroscopic method of analyzing a sample, comprising: irradiating a sample with radiation to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated fluorescence at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated fluorescence at a second distance from the sample, the second distance being different from the first distance; comparing the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence to determine a modulation characteristic of the sample; wherein the sample is biological material; wherein the method further includes determining a physiological property of the tissue using the modulation characteristic; and wherein the physiological property of the tissue is ischemia.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
116 words
A spectroscopic method of analyzing a sample, comprising: irradiating a sample with radiation to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated fluorescence at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated fluorescence at a second distance from the sample, the second distance being different from the first distance; comparing the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence to determine a modulation characteristic of the sample; wherein the sample is biological material; wherein the method further includes determining a physiological property of the tissue using the modulation characteristic; and wherein the physiological property of the tissue is ischemia.
Claim 70
Independent Claim
102 words
A method for determining a physiological characteristic of a biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of a biological material with radiation to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated fluorescence at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated fluorescence at a second distance from the sample, the second distance being different from the first distance; comparing the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence, using a predictive model, to determine a physiological characteristic of the sample; wherein the predictive model is multivariate.
Claim 71
Independent Claim
102 words
A method for determining a physiological characteristic of a biological material, comprising: irradiating a sample of a biological material with radiation to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated fluorescence at a first distance from the sample; monitoring a second portion of the modulated fluorescence at a second distance from the sample, the second distance being different from the first distance; comparing the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence, using a predictive model, to determine a physiological characteristic of the sample; wherein the predictive model is multivariate.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
75 words
A spectroscopic method of analyzing a sample, comprising: irradiating a sample with radiation to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated fluorescence at a first angle from the sample monitoring a second portion of the modulated fluorescence at a second angle from the sample comparing the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence to determine a modulation characteristic of the sample.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
75 words
A spectroscopic method of analyzing a sample, comprising: irradiating a sample with radiation to produce fluorescence from the sample, wherein the fluorescence is modulated by the sample; monitoring a first portion of the modulated fluorescence at a first angle from the sample monitoring a second portion of the modulated fluorescence at a second angle from the sample comparing the first and second portions of the modulated fluorescence to determine a modulation characteristic of the sample.
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