US6106149A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Mass and heat flow measurement sensor
Assignee: SMITH CHARITY F
•
Filing: 1998-12-02
•
Granted: 2000-08-22
•
Expires: 2018-12-02
Abstract
Abstract Provided are mass and heat flow measurement sensors comprising a microresonator, such as a quartz crystal microbalance; a heat flow sensor, such as an isothermal heat conduction calorimeter; and a heat sink coupled thermally to the heat flow sensor. The microresonator may be used to measure changes of mass due to a sample at its surface, and heat flow sensor, which is coupled thermally to the microresonator, may be used to measure heat flow from the sample on the surface of the microresonator to the heat sink. Also provided are methods for measuring the mass of a sample and the flow of heat from the sample to the heat sink by utilizing such mass and heat flow measurement sensors.
Inventors
- 👤 Allan L. Smith
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 18:02
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N27/00; G01G; G01G3/00; G01G3/12; G01G3/13; G01K; G01K17/00; G01K17/06; G01K17/08; G01K17/20; G01N25/00; G01N25/20; G01N25/48; G01N25/4806; G01N25/4813; G01N25/4846; G01N25/4866; G01N5/00; G01N5/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 76
Claim 1
Independent Claim
81 words
A mass and heat flow measurement sensor comprising: (a) a microresonator comprising a piezoelectric substrate having a perimeter, a first face for directly contacting a sample, and a second opposite face isolated from contacting the sample, said piezoelectric substrate having a resonant frequency and capable of producing a measurement signal based on said resonant frequency; (b) a heat flow sensor coupled thermally to the piezoelectric substrate of said microresonator; and, (c) a heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
81 words
A mass and heat flow measurement sensor comprising: (a) a microresonator comprising a piezoelectric substrate having a perimeter, a first face for directly contacting a sample, and a second opposite face isolated from contacting the sample, said piezoelectric substrate having a resonant frequency and capable of producing a measurement signal based on said resonant frequency; (b) a heat flow sensor coupled thermally to the piezoelectric substrate of said microresonator; and, (c) a heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
53 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 1, wherein said microresonator is capable of measuring the mass of the sample applied to said first face, and further wherein said heat flow sensor is capable of measuring the flow of heat from the sample on said first face to the heat sink.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
42 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 1, wherein said microresonator is selected from the group of microresonators consisting of: bulk acoustic wave sensors, quartz crystal microbalances, surface acoustic wave sensors, flexural plate wave sensors, and acoustic plate mode sensors.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
18 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 1, wherein said microresonator is a quartz crystal microbalance.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 1, wherein said piezoelectric substrate operates in a thickness shear mode.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 1, wherein said piezoelectric substrate is a quartz crystal.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
19 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 1, wherein said piezoelectric substrate is an AT-cut quartz crystal.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
144 words
A mass and heat flow measurement sensor comprising: (a) a microresonator comprising a piezoelectric substrate having a perimeter, a first face for directly contacting a sample, and a second opposite face isolated from contacting the sample; (b) electrodes deposited on the first and second opposite faces of said piezoelectric substrate, said electrodes being capable of supplying electrical signals to and from said piezoelectric substrate; (c) a heat flow sensor; (d) a heat conductive material extending in a continuous fashion from the perimeter of said piezoelectric substrate to a first surface of said heat flow sensor, wherein said heat conductive material is not in contact with an acoustically active region of said second opposite face; and, (e) a heat sink material in contact to a second surface of said heat flow sensor, which second surface is not in direct contact with said heat conductive material.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
144 words
A mass and heat flow measurement sensor comprising: (a) a microresonator comprising a piezoelectric substrate having a perimeter, a first face for directly contacting a sample, and a second opposite face isolated from contacting the sample; (b) electrodes deposited on the first and second opposite faces of said piezoelectric substrate, said electrodes being capable of supplying electrical signals to and from said piezoelectric substrate; (c) a heat flow sensor; (d) a heat conductive material extending in a continuous fashion from the perimeter of said piezoelectric substrate to a first surface of said heat flow sensor, wherein said heat conductive material is not in contact with an acoustically active region of said second opposite face; and, (e) a heat sink material in contact to a second surface of said heat flow sensor, which second surface is not in direct contact with said heat conductive material.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
53 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 8, wherein said microresonator is capable of measuring the mass of the sample applied to said first face, and further wherein said heat flow sensor is capable of measuring the flow of heat from the sample on said first face to the heat sink.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 8, wherein said heat flow sensor comprises a thermopile.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
20 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 8, wherein said piezoelectric substrate operates in a thickness shear mode.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 8, wherein said piezoelectric substrate is a heat conductive material.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
18 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 8, wherein said piezoelectric substrate is a quartz crystal.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
19 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 8, wherein said piezoelectric substrate is an AT-cut quartz crystal.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
31 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 8, wherein said heat conductive material is capable of providing a path for the application of radio-frequency power to said piezoelectric substrate.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
33 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 8, wherein said heat conductive material comprises a metallic cylinder with a surface in contact to the first surface of said heat flow sensor.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
16 words
The mass and heat flow sensor of claim 8, wherein said heat conductive material is brass.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
68 words
A mass and heat flow measurement sensor comprising: (a) a quartz crystal microbalance capable of measuring the mass of a sample in contact with said quartz crystal microbalance; and, (b) a heat flow sensor coupled thermally to said quartz crystal microbalance and capable of measuring the flow of heat from the sample to a heat sink; and, (c) a heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
68 words
A mass and heat flow measurement sensor comprising: (a) a quartz crystal microbalance capable of measuring the mass of a sample in contact with said quartz crystal microbalance; and, (b) a heat flow sensor coupled thermally to said quartz crystal microbalance and capable of measuring the flow of heat from the sample to a heat sink; and, (c) a heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
59 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 18, wherein said quartz crystal microbalance comprises a quartz substrate having a perimeter, a first face for directly contracting the sample, and a second opposite face isolated from contacting the sample, said quartz substrate having a resonant frequency and capable of producing a measurement signal based on said resonant frequency.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
47 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 19, wherein said mass and heat flow measurement sensor further comprises electrodes deposited on the first and second opposite faces of said quartz substrate, said electrodes being capable of supplying electrical signals to and from said quartz substrate.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
55 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 20, wherein a heat conductive material extends in a continuous fashion from the perimeter of said quartz substrate to a first surface of said heat flow sensor, wherein said heat conductive material is not in contact with an acoustically active region of said second opposite face.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
18 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 21, wherein said heat flow sensor comprises a thermopile.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
39 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 21, wherein said heat sink is in contact to a second surface of said heat flow sensor, which second surface is not in direct contact with said heat conductive material.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
19 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 21, wherein said quartz substrate is an AT-cut quartz crystal.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
31 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 21, wherein said heat conductive material is capable of providing a path for the application of radio-frequency power to said quartz substrate.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
33 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 21, wherein said heat conductive material comprises a metallic cylinder with a surface in contact to the first surface of said heat flow sensor.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
17 words
The mass and heat flow measurement sensor of claim 21, wherein said heat conductive material is brass.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
137 words
A method for measuring the mass of a sample and the flow of heat from the sample to a heat sink, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a microresonator which comprises a piezoelectric substrate having a perimeter, a first face for directly contacting a sample, and a second opposite face isolated from contacting the sample, said piezoelectric substrate having a resonant frequency and capable of producing a measurement signal based on said resonant frequency; (b) providing a heat flow sensor coupled thermally to the piezoelectric substrate of said microresonator; (c) providing a heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor; and (d) measuring the changes in mass of the sample and the flow of heat from the sample to the heat sink for the sample disposed on the first face of said piezoelectric substrate.
Claim 32
Independent Claim
137 words
A method for measuring the mass of a sample and the flow of heat from the sample to a heat sink, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a microresonator which comprises a piezoelectric substrate having a perimeter, a first face for directly contacting a sample, and a second opposite face isolated from contacting the sample, said piezoelectric substrate having a resonant frequency and capable of producing a measurement signal based on said resonant frequency; (b) providing a heat flow sensor coupled thermally to the piezoelectric substrate of said microresonator; (c) providing a heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor; and (d) measuring the changes in mass of the sample and the flow of heat from the sample to the heat sink for the sample disposed on the first face of said piezoelectric substrate.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method of claim 28, wherein said microresonator measures the mass of the sample applied to said first face, and further wherein said heat flow sensor measures the flow of heat from the sample on said first face to the heat sink.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 28, wherein said microresonator is selected from the group of microresonators consisting of: bulk acoustic wave sensors, quartz crystal microbalances, surface acoustic wave sensors, flexural plate wave sensors, and acoustic plate mode sensors.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 28, wherein said microresonator is a quartz crystal microbalance.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 28, wherein said piezoelectric substrate operates in a thickness shear mode.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 28, wherein said piezoelectric substrate is a quartz crystal.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 28, wherein said piezoelectric substrate is an AT-cut quartz crystal.
Claim 39
Independent Claim
198 words
A method for measuring the mass of a sample and the flow of heat from the sample to a heat sink, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a microresonator which comprises a piezoelectric substrate having a perimeter, a first face for directly contacting a sample, and a second opposite face isolated from contacting the sample; (b) providing electrodes deposited on the first and second opposite faces of said piezoelectric substrate, said electrodes being capable of supplying electrical signals to and from said piezoelectric substrate; (c) providing a heat flow sensor; (d) providing a heat conductive material extending in a continuous fashion from the perimeter of said piezoelectric substrate to a first surface of said heat flow sensor, wherein said heat conductive material is not in contact with an acoustically active region of said second opposite face; (e) providing a heat sink material in contact to a second surface of said heat flow sensor, which second surface is not in direct contact with said heat conductive material; and, (f) measuring the changes in mass and flow of heat from the sample to the heat sink for the sample disposed on the first face of said piezoelectric substrate.
Claim 40
Independent Claim
198 words
A method for measuring the mass of a sample and the flow of heat from the sample to a heat sink, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a microresonator which comprises a piezoelectric substrate having a perimeter, a first face for directly contacting a sample, and a second opposite face isolated from contacting the sample; (b) providing electrodes deposited on the first and second opposite faces of said piezoelectric substrate, said electrodes being capable of supplying electrical signals to and from said piezoelectric substrate; (c) providing a heat flow sensor; (d) providing a heat conductive material extending in a continuous fashion from the perimeter of said piezoelectric substrate to a first surface of said heat flow sensor, wherein said heat conductive material is not in contact with an acoustically active region of said second opposite face; (e) providing a heat sink material in contact to a second surface of said heat flow sensor, which second surface is not in direct contact with said heat conductive material; and, (f) measuring the changes in mass and flow of heat from the sample to the heat sink for the sample disposed on the first face of said piezoelectric substrate.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method of claim 35, wherein said microresonator measures the mass of the sample applied to said first face, and further wherein said heat flow sensor measures the flow of heat from the sample on said first face to the heat sink.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 35, wherein said heat flow sensor comprises a thermopile.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 35, wherein said piezoelectric substrate operates in a thickness shear mode.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 35, wherein said piezoelectric substrate is a heat conductive material.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 35, wherein said piezoelectric substrate is a quartz crystal.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 35, wherein said piezoelectric substrate is an AT-cut quartz crystal.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 35, wherein said heat conductive material further provides a path for the application of radio-frequency power to said piezoelectric substrate.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 35, wherein said heat conductive material comprises a metallic cylinder with a surface in contact to the first surface of said heat flow sensor.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 35, wherein said heat conductive material is brass.
Claim 50
Independent Claim
118 words
A method for measuring the mass of a sample and the flow of heat from the sample to a heat sink, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a quartz crystal microbalance capable of measuring the mass of the sample in contact with said quartz crystal microbalance; (b) providing a heat flow sensor coupled thermally to said quartz crystal microbalance and capable of measuring flow of heat from the sample to a heat sink; (c) providing a heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor; and, (d) measuring the changes in mass of the sample and the flow of heat from the sample to the heat sink for the sample disposed on said quartz crystal microbalance.
Claim 51
Independent Claim
118 words
A method for measuring the mass of a sample and the flow of heat from the sample to a heat sink, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a quartz crystal microbalance capable of measuring the mass of the sample in contact with said quartz crystal microbalance; (b) providing a heat flow sensor coupled thermally to said quartz crystal microbalance and capable of measuring flow of heat from the sample to a heat sink; (c) providing a heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor; and, (d) measuring the changes in mass of the sample and the flow of heat from the sample to the heat sink for the sample disposed on said quartz crystal microbalance.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
54 words
The method of claim 45, wherein said quartz crystal microbalance comprises a quartz substrate having a perimeter, a first face for directly contracting the sample, and a second opposite face isolated from contacting the sample, said quartz substrate having a resonant frequency and capable of producing a measurement signal based on said resonant frequency.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method of claim 46, wherein said method further comprises providing electrodes deposited on the first and second opposite faces of said quartz substrate, said electrodes being capable of supplying electrical signals to and from said quartz substrate.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
55 words
The method of claim 47, wherein said method further comprises providing a heat conductive material extending in a continuous fashion from the perimeter of said quartz substrate to a first surface of said heat flow sensor, wherein said heat conductive material is not in contact with an acoustically active region of said second opposite face.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 48, wherein said heat flow sensor comprises a thermopile.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 48, wherein said heat sink material is in contact to a second surface of said heat flow sensor, which second surface is not in direct contact with said heat conductive material.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 48, wherein said quartz substrate is an AT-cut quartz crystal.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 48, wherein said heat conductive material further provides a path for the application of radio-frequency power to said quartz substrate.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 48, wherein said heat conductive material comprises a metallic cylinder with a surface in contact to the first surface of said heat flow sensor.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 48, wherein said heat conductive material is brass.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
130 words
A measurement sensor comprising: (a) a microresonator comprising a piezoelectric substrate having a perimeter, a first face for directly contacting a sample, and a second opposite face isolated from contacting the sample, said piezoelectric substrate having a resonant frequency and capable of producing a measurement signal based on said resonant frequency; (b) a heat flow sensor coupled thermally to said piezoelectric substrate of said microresonator; and (a) a heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor; wherein said microresonator is capable of measuring at least one property of the sample in contact with said first face, and said heat flow sensor is capable of measuring the flow of heat from the sample in contact with said first face to said heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
130 words
A measurement sensor comprising: (a) a microresonator comprising a piezoelectric substrate having a perimeter, a first face for directly contacting a sample, and a second opposite face isolated from contacting the sample, said piezoelectric substrate having a resonant frequency and capable of producing a measurement signal based on said resonant frequency; (b) a heat flow sensor coupled thermally to said piezoelectric substrate of said microresonator; and (a) a heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor; wherein said microresonator is capable of measuring at least one property of the sample in contact with said first face, and said heat flow sensor is capable of measuring the flow of heat from the sample in contact with said first face to said heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
52 words
The measurement sensor of claim 55, wherein said heat flow sensor is capable of simultaneously measuring the flow of heat from the sample to said heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor, in real time with the measurement of said at least one property of the sample by said microresonator.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
40 words
The measurement sensor of claim 55, wherein one of said at least one property of the sample measured by said microresonator is selected from the group of properties consisting of: mass, liquid density, liquid viscosity, polymer modulus, and electrical conductivity.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
23 words
The measurement sensor of claim 55, wherein one of said at least one property of the sample measured by said microresonator is mass.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
38 words
The measurement sensor of claim 55, wherein said microresonator is selected from the group of microresonators consisting of: bulk acoustic wave sensors, quartz crystal microbalances, surface acoustic wave sensors, flexural plate wave sensors, and acoustic plate mode sensors.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
73 words
A measurement sensor comprising: (a) a quartz crystal microbalance capable of measuring at least one property of a sample in contact with said quartz crystal microbalance; and (b) a heat flow sensor coupled thermally to said quartz crystal microbalance and capable of measuring the flow of heat from the sample in contact with said quartz crystal microbalance to a heat sink; wherein said heat sink is coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
73 words
A measurement sensor comprising: (a) a quartz crystal microbalance capable of measuring at least one property of a sample in contact with said quartz crystal microbalance; and (b) a heat flow sensor coupled thermally to said quartz crystal microbalance and capable of measuring the flow of heat from the sample in contact with said quartz crystal microbalance to a heat sink; wherein said heat sink is coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
54 words
The measurement sensor of claim 60, wherein said heat flow sensor is capable of simultaneously measuring the flow of heat from the sample to said heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor, in real time with the measurement of said at least one property of the sample by said quartz crystal microbalance.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
42 words
The measurement sensor of claim 60, wherein one of said at least one property of the sample measured by said quartz crystal microbalance is selected from the group of properties consisting of: mass, liquid density, liquid viscosity, polymer modulus, and electrical conductivity.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
25 words
The measurement sensor of claim 60, wherein one of said at least one property of the sample measured by said quartz crystal microbalance is mass.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
170 words
A measurement sensor comprising: (a) an acoustic wave microsensor comprising a piezoelectric substrate having a perimeter, a first face for directly contacting a sample, and a second opposite face isolated from contacting the sample, said piezoelectric substrate having a resonant frequency and capable of producing a measurement signal based on said resonant frequency; (b) a heat flow sensor coupled thermally to said piezoelectric substrate of said acoustic wave microsensor; and (c) a heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor; wherein said acoustic wave microsensor is capable of measuring at least one property of the sample in contact with said first face, and said heat flow sensor is capable of measuring the flow of heat from the sample in contact with said first face to said heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor; and wherein said acoustic wave microsensor is selected from the group of acoustic wave microsensors consisting of bulk acoustic wave sensors, surface acoustic wave sensors, flexural plate wave sensors, and acoustic plate mode sensors.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
170 words
A measurement sensor comprising: (a) an acoustic wave microsensor comprising a piezoelectric substrate having a perimeter, a first face for directly contacting a sample, and a second opposite face isolated from contacting the sample, said piezoelectric substrate having a resonant frequency and capable of producing a measurement signal based on said resonant frequency; (b) a heat flow sensor coupled thermally to said piezoelectric substrate of said acoustic wave microsensor; and (c) a heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor; wherein said acoustic wave microsensor is capable of measuring at least one property of the sample in contact with said first face, and said heat flow sensor is capable of measuring the flow of heat from the sample in contact with said first face to said heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor; and wherein said acoustic wave microsensor is selected from the group of acoustic wave microsensors consisting of bulk acoustic wave sensors, surface acoustic wave sensors, flexural plate wave sensors, and acoustic plate mode sensors.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
54 words
The measurement sensor of claim 64, wherein said heat flow sensor is capable of simultaneously measuring the flow of heat from the sample to said heat sink coupled thermally to said heat flow sensor, in real time with the measurement of said at least one property of the sample by said acoustic wave microsensor.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
42 words
The measurement sensor of claim 64, wherein one of said at least one property of the sample measured by said acoustic wave microsensor is selected from the group of properties consisting of: mass, liquid density, liquid viscosity, polymer modulus, and electrical conductivity.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
25 words
The measurement sensor of claim 64, wherein one of said at least one property of the sample measured by said acoustic wave microsensor is mass.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2003-08-22 | 2004-02-21 | 2004-08-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2007-08-22 | 2008-02-21 | 2008-08-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2011-08-22 | 2012-02-21 | 2012-08-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |