US5960389A
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US
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Methods for generating comfort noise during discontinuous transmission
Assignee: Nokia Technologies Oy
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Filing: 1997-11-06
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Granted: 1999-09-28
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Expires: 2017-11-06
Abstract
Abstract An improved method for generating comfort noise (CN) in a mobile terminal operating in a discontinuous transmission (DTX) mode. In one embodiment the invention provides an improved method for comfort noise generation, in which a random excitation is modified by a spectral control filter so that the frequency content of comfort noise and background noise become similar. In another embodiment the transmitter identifies speech coding parameters that are not representative of the actual background noise, and replaces the identified parameters with parameters having a median value. In this manner the non-representative parameters do not skew the result of an averaging operation.
Inventors
- 👤 Kari Jarvinen
- 👤 Pekka Kapanen
- 👤 Vesa Ruoppila
- 👤 Jani Rotola-Pukkila
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 04:54
CPC Classifications
G; G10; G10L; G10L19/00; G10L19/012
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 61
Claim 1
Independent Claim
74 words
A method for producing comfort noise (CN) in a digital mobile terminal that uses a discontinuous transmission, comprising the steps of: in response to a speech pause, calculating random excitation spectral control (RESC) parameters; transmitting the RESC parameters to a receiver together with predetermined ones of CN parameters; receiving the RESC parameters; and shaping the spectral content of an excitation using the received RESC parameters prior to applying the excitation to a synthesis filter.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
74 words
A method for producing comfort noise (CN) in a digital mobile terminal that uses a discontinuous transmission, comprising the steps of: in response to a speech pause, calculating random excitation spectral control (RESC) parameters; transmitting the RESC parameters to a receiver together with predetermined ones of CN parameters; receiving the RESC parameters; and shaping the spectral content of an excitation using the received RESC parameters prior to applying the excitation to a synthesis filter.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method as in claim 1, wherein the step of calculating RESC parameters includes a step of analyzing a residual signal in a speech coder.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method as in claim 2, wherein the speech coder implements a LPC analysis technique, and wherein the step of analyzing is of lower degree than the LPC analysis technique.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method as in claim 2, wherein the speech coder implements a LPC analysis technique of order greater than two, and wherein the step of analyzing is performed by first or second order LPC analysis.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
42 words
A method as in claim 1, wherein the step of calculating RESC parameters includes steps of analyzing a residual signal in a speech coder to produce spectral parameters, and averaging the spectral parameters over a plurality of frames to provide RESC parameters.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method as in claim 5, wherein the plurality of frames is equal to about 10 or greater.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
53 words
A method as in claim 1, wherein the step of calculating RESC parameters includes steps of applying an LPC residual signal from a speech coder inverse filter to a RESC inverse filter H RESC (z) to produce a spectrally controlled residual signal which generally has a flatter spectrum than the LPC residual signal.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method as in claim 7, wherein the RESC inverse filter H RESC (z) has the form of an all-zero filter described by: ##EQU18## where b(i) represents filter coefficients, with i=1, . . . , R.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as in claim 7, and further comprising a step of determining an excitation gain from the spectrally flattened residual signal.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
55 words
A method as in claim 1, wherein the step of shaping includes steps of: forming an excitation by generating a white noise excitation sequence; scaling the generated white noise sequence to produce a scaled noise sequence; and processing the scaled noise sequence in a RESC filter to produce an excitation having a desired spectral content.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
153 words
A method as in claim 1, wherein the step of calculating RESC parameters include a step of: applying an LPC residual signal from a speech coder inverse filter to a RESC inverse filter H RESC (Z) to produce a spectrally controlled residual signal which generally has a flatter spectrum than the LPC residual signal, wherein the RESC inverse filter H RESC (z) has the form of an all-zero filter described by: ##EQU19## where b(i) represents filter coefficients, with i=1, . . . , R; and wherein the step of shaping includes steps of, forming an excitation by generating a white noise excitation sequence; scaling the generated white noise sequence to produce a scaled noise sequence; and processing the scaled noise sequence in a RESC filter to produce an excitation having a desired spectral content; wherein the RESC filter performs an inverse operation to the RESC inverse filter and is of the form: ##EQU20##
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
57 words
A method as in claim 11, wherein RESC parameters r mean (i) i=1, . . . , R define the filter coefficients b(i), i=1, . . . , R, are transmitted as part of the predetermined one of the CN parameters, and are used in the RESC filter to spectrally weight the excitation for the synthesis filter.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method as in claim 1, wherein the predetermined ones of the CN parameters are comprised of synthesis filter coefficients and gain parameters.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method as in claim 1, wherein the predetermined ones of the CN parameters are comprised of short term spectral coefficients and excitation gain.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method as in claim 1, wherein the predetermined ones of the CN parameters are comprised of a Line Spectral Frequency (LSF) residual vector and a CN energy quantization index.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
89 words
Apparatus for generating comfort noise (CN) in a system having a digital mobile terminal that uses a discontinuous transmission to a network, comprising: means in said digital mobile terminal that is responsive to a speech pause for calculating random excitation spectral control (RESC) parameters and for transmitting the RESC parameters together with predetermined ones of CN parameters to a receiver in said network; and means in said network for shaping the spectral content of an excitation using received RESC parameters prior to applying the excitation to a synthesis filter.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
89 words
Apparatus for generating comfort noise (CN) in a system having a digital mobile terminal that uses a discontinuous transmission to a network, comprising: means in said digital mobile terminal that is responsive to a speech pause for calculating random excitation spectral control (RESC) parameters and for transmitting the RESC parameters together with predetermined ones of CN parameters to a receiver in said network; and means in said network for shaping the spectral content of an excitation using received RESC parameters prior to applying the excitation to a synthesis filter.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
Apparatus as in claim 16, wherein said calculating means analyses a residual signal in a speech coder.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
27 words
Apparatus as in claim 17, wherein the speech coder implements a LPC analysis technique, and wherein the analysis is of lower degree than the LPC analysis technique.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
32 words
Apparatus as in claim 17, wherein the speech coder implements a LPC analysis technique of order greater than two, and wherein the analysis is performed by first or second order LPC analysis.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
39 words
Apparatus as in claim 16, wherein said calculating means analyses a residual signal in a speech coder to produce spectral parameters, and further comprising means for averaging the spectral parameters over a plurality of frames to provide RESC parameters.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
17 words
Apparatus as in claim 20, wherein the plurality of frames is equal to about 10 or greater.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
46 words
Apparatus as in claim 16, wherein said calculating means applies an LPC residual signal from a speech coder inverse filter to a RESC inverse filter H RESC (z) to produce a spectrally controlled residual signal which generally has a flatter spectrum than the LPC residual signal.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
35 words
Apparatus as in claim 22, wherein the RESC inverse filter H RESC (z) has the form of an all-zero filter described by: ##EQU21## where b(i) represents filter coefficients, with i=1, . . . , R.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
20 words
Apparatus as in claim 22, and further comprising means for determining an excitation gain from the spectrally flattened residual signal.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
59 words
Apparatus as in claim 16, wherein said shaping means is comprised of: means for forming an excitation by generating a white noise excitation sequence; means for scaling the generated white noise sequence to produce a scaled noise sequence; and means for processing the scaled noise sequence in a RESC filter to produce an excitation having a desired spectral content.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
154 words
Apparatus as in claim 16, wherein said calculating means is comprised of: means for applying an LPC residual signal from a speech coder inverse filter to a RESC inverse filter H RESC (z) to produce a spectrally controlled residual signal which generally has a flatter spectrum than the LPC residual signal, wherein the RESC inverse filter H RESC (z) has the form of an all-zero filter described by: ##EQU22## where b(i) represents filter coefficients, with i=1, . . . , R; and wherein said shaping means is comprised of, means for forming an excitation by generating a white noise excitation sequence; means for scaling the generated white noise sequence to produce a scaled noise sequence; and means for processing the scaled noise sequence in a RESC filter to produce an excitation having a desired spectral content; wherein RESC filter performs an inverse operation to the RESC inverse filter and is of the form: ##EQU23##
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
56 words
Apparatus as in claim 26, wherein RESC parameters r mean (i), i=1, . . . , R define the filter coefficients b(i), i=1, . . . , R, are transmitted as part of the predetermined ones of the CN parameters, and are used in the RESC filter to spectrally weight the excitation for the synthesis filter.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
22 words
Apparatus as in claim 16, wherein the predetermined ones of the CN parameters are comprised of synthesis filter coefficients and gain parameters.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
23 words
Apparatus as in claim 16, wherein the predetermined ones of the CN parameters are comprised of short term spectral coefficients and excitation gain.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
29 words
Apparatus as in claim 16, wherein the predetermined ones of the CN parameters are comprised of a Line Spectral Frequency (LSF) residual vector and a CN energy quantization index.
Claim 33
Independent Claim
71 words
A method for generating comfort noise (CN) in a digital mobile terminal that uses a discontinuous transmission, comprising the steps of: in response to a speech pause, buffering a set of speech coding parameters; within an averaging period, replacing speech coding parameters of the set that are not representative of background noise with speech coding parameters that are representative of the background noise; and averaging the set of speech coding parameters.
Claim 34
Independent Claim
71 words
A method for generating comfort noise (CN) in a digital mobile terminal that uses a discontinuous transmission, comprising the steps of: in response to a speech pause, buffering a set of speech coding parameters; within an averaging period, replacing speech coding parameters of the set that are not representative of background noise with speech coding parameters that are representative of the background noise; and averaging the set of speech coding parameters.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
85 words
A method as in claim 31, wherein the step of replacing includes the steps of: measuring distances of the speech coding parameters from one another between individual frames within the averaging period; identifying those speech coding parameters which have the largest distances to the other parameters within the averaging period; and if the distances exceed a predetermined threshold, replacing an identified speech coding parameter with a speech coding parameter which has a smallest measured distance to the other speech coding parameters within the averaging period.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
73 words
A method as in claim 31, wherein the step of replacing includes the steps of: measuring distances of the speech coding parameters from one another between individual frames within the averaging period; identifying those speech coding parameters which have the largest distances to the other parameters within the averaging period; and if the distances exceed a predetermined threshold, replacing an identified speech coding parameter with a speech coding parameter having a median value.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method as in claim 31, wherein the step of averaging includes a step of computing an average excitation gain g mean and average short term spectral coefficients f mean (i).
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
71 words
A method as in claim 31, wherein the step of replacing includes steps of: forming a set of buffered excitation gain values over the averaging period; ordering the set of buffered excitation gain values; and performing a median replacement operation in which those L excitation gain values differing the most from the median value, where the difference exceeds a predetermined threshold value, are replaced by the median value of the set.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method as in claim 35, wherein a length N of the averaging period is an odd number, and wherein the median of the ordered set is the ((N+1)/2)th element of the set.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
68 words
A method as in claim 31, and further comprising a step of: forming a set of buffered Line Spectral Pair (LSP) coefficients f(k), k=1, . . . , M over the averaging period; and determining a spectral distance of the LSP coefficients f i (k) of the ith frame in the averaging period, to the LSP coefficients f j (k) of the jth frame in the averaging period.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
48 words
A method as in claim 37, where the step of determining the spectral distance is accomplished in accordance with the expression ##EQU24## where M is the degree of the LPC model, and f i (k) is the kth LSP parameter of the ith frame in the averaging period.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
51 words
A method as in claim 37, and further comprising a step of determining the spectral distance ΔS i of the LSP coefficients f i (k) of frame i to the LSP coefficients of all the other frames j=1, . . . , N, i≠j, within the averaging period of length N.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method as in claim 39, wherein the step of determining the spectral distance is accomplished by determining the sum of the spectral distances ΔR ij in accordance with ##EQU25## for all i=1, . . . , N.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
100 words
A method as in claim 39, and further comprising steps of: after the spectral distances ΔS i have been found for each of the LSP vectors f i within the averaging period, ordering the spectral distances according to their values; considering a vector f i with the smallest distance ΔS i within the averaging period i=1, 2, . . . , N to be a median vector f med of the averaging period having a distance denoted as ΔS med ; and performing a median replacement of P (O≦P≦N-1) LSP vectors f i with the median vector f med .
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method as in claim 32, wherein the steps of identifying and replacing are performed independently for excitation gain values g and Line Spectral Pair (LSP) vectors f i .
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method as in claim 32, wherein the steps of identifying and replacing are combined together for excitation gain values g and Line Spectral Pair (LSP) vectors f i .
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
59 words
A method as in claim 43, comprising steps of: in response to determining that the speech coding parameters in an individual frame are to be replaced by median values of the parameters, replacing both the excitation gain value g and the LSP vector f i of that frame by the respective parameters of the frame containing the median parameters.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
74 words
A method as in claim 44, and comprising initial steps of: determining a distance ΔT ij between the parameters of the ith frame and the jth frame of the averaging period in accordance with the expression ##EQU26## where M is the degree of the LPC model, f i (k) is the kth LSP parameter of the ith frame of the averaging period, and g i is the excitation gain parameter of the ith frame.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
70 words
A method as in claim 45, and further comprising a step of: determining a distance ΔS i of the speech coding parameters of frame i, for all i=1, . . . , N, to the speech coding parameters of all the other frames j=1 , . . . , N, i≠j within the averaging period of length N, in accordance with ##EQU27## for all i=1, . . . , N.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
82 words
A method as in claim 46, wherein after the distances ΔS i have been determined for each of the frames within the averaging period, further comprising steps of: ordering the distances according to their values; and considering a frame with the smallest distance ΔS i within the averaging period i=1, 2, . . . , N as a median frame, having distance ΔS med , of the averaging period, the median frame having speech coder parameters g med and f med .
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
56 words
A method as in claim 47, and comprising a step of performing median replacement on the speech coding parameter frames within the averaging period i=1, 2, . . . , N wherein parameters g i and f i of L (O≦L≦N-1) frames are replaced by the parameters g med and f med of the median frame.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method as in claim 47, wherein differences between each individual distance and the median distance are determined by dividing an individual distance by the median distance in accordance with ΔS i /ΔS med .
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method as in claim 41, wherein differences between each individual distance and the median distance are determined by dividing an individual distance by the median distance in accordance with ΔS i /ΔS med .
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
100 words
Apparatus for generating comfort noise (CN) in a system having a digital mobile terminal that uses a discontinuous transmission to a network, comprising: data processing means in said digital mobile terminal that is responsive to a speech pause for buffering a set of speech coding parameters and, within an averaging period, for replacing speech coding parameters of the set that are not representative of background noise with speech coding parameters that are representative of the background noise, said data processing means averaging the set of speech coding parameters and transmitting the averaged set of speech coding parameters to the network.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
100 words
Apparatus for generating comfort noise (CN) in a system having a digital mobile terminal that uses a discontinuous transmission to a network, comprising: data processing means in said digital mobile terminal that is responsive to a speech pause for buffering a set of speech coding parameters and, within an averaging period, for replacing speech coding parameters of the set that are not representative of background noise with speech coding parameters that are representative of the background noise, said data processing means averaging the set of speech coding parameters and transmitting the averaged set of speech coding parameters to the network.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
93 words
Apparatus as in claim 51, wherein said data processor replaces speech coding parameters of the set by ordering the set and measuring distances of the speech coding parameters from one another between individual frames within the averaging period, by identifying those speech coding parameters which have the largest distances to the other parameters within the averaging period; and, if the distances exceed a predetermined threshold, by replacing the identified speech coding parameters with a speech coding parameter which has a smallest measured distance to the other speech coding parameters within the averaging period.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
81 words
Apparatus as in claim 51, wherein said data processor replaces speech coding parameters of the set by ordering the set and measuring distances of the speech coding parameters from one another between individual frames within the averaging period; by identifying those speech coding parameters which have the largest distances to the other parameters within the averaging period; and, if the distances exceed a predetermined threshold, by replacing an identified speech coding parameter with a speech coding parameter having a median value.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
31 words
Apparatus as in claim 51, wherein said data processing means identifies and replaces speech coding parameters independently for excitation gain values g and Line Spectral Pair (LSP) vector f i .
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
31 words
Apparatus as in claim 51, wherein said data processing means identifies and replaces speech coding parameters together for excitation gain values g and Line Spectral Pair (LSP) vector f i .
Claim 60
Independent Claim
110 words
A method for producing comfort noise (CN), comprising the steps of: in response to a speech pause, transmitting CN parameters to a receiver; and shaping the spectral content of an excitation by steps of, forming an excitation from a white noise excitation sequence; scaling the white noise excitation sequence to produce a scaled white noise excitation sequence; and processing the scaled white noise excitation sequence in a synthesis filter having fixed coefficients that are optimized to provide at least one of a desired comfort noise quality or to cause the frequency response of the synthesis filter to resemble that of a random excitation spectral control (RESC) filter having transmitted coefficients.
Claim 61
Independent Claim
110 words
A method for producing comfort noise (CN), comprising the steps of: in response to a speech pause, transmitting CN parameters to a receiver; and shaping the spectral content of an excitation by steps of, forming an excitation from a white noise excitation sequence; scaling the white noise excitation sequence to produce a scaled white noise excitation sequence; and processing the scaled white noise excitation sequence in a synthesis filter having fixed coefficients that are optimized to provide at least one of a desired comfort noise quality or to cause the frequency response of the synthesis filter to resemble that of a random excitation spectral control (RESC) filter having transmitted coefficients.
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2002-09-27 | 2003-03-29 | 2003-09-28 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2006-09-27 | 2007-03-29 | 2007-09-28 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
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