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US5953451A
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Method of indexing words in handwritten document images using image hash tables
Assignee: Google LLC
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Filing: 1997-06-19
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Granted: 1999-09-14
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Expires: 2017-06-19
Abstract
Abstract A method of locating handwritten words in handwritten text images under a variety of transformations including changes in document orientation, skew, noise, and changes in handwriting style of a single author which avoids a detailed search of the image for locating every word by pre-computing relevant information in a hash table and indexing the table for word localization. Both the hash table construction and indexing can be done as fast operations taking time quadratic in the number of basis points. Generally, the method involves four stages: (1) Pre-processing where features for word localization are extracted; (2) Image hash table construction; (3) Indexing where query word features are used to look up hash table for candidate locations; and (4) Verification, where the query word is projected and registered with the underlying word at the candidate locations. The method has applications in digital libraries, handwriting tokenization, document management and OCR systems.
Inventors
- 👤 Tanveer F. Syeda-Mahmood
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 10:44
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06F; G06F16/00; G06F16/50; G06F16/58; G06F16/583; G06F16/5854; G06V; G06V30/00; G06V30/10; G06V30/22; G06V30/226; G06V30/2264
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 10
Claim 1
Independent Claim
199 words
A method of localizing handwritten words in an image of a document, comprising: a) pre-processing a document containing handwriting where curves with features for word localization are extracted from handwritten words contained in the document, wherein each curve includes selected features with the selected features being less than all of the features for the curve; b) grouping the curves to form curve groups; c) computing basis triples from the selected features of the curves of the curve groups; d) computing affine coordinates for the features of the curves in each curve group with respect to corresponding basis triples computed with said (c); e) using the affine coordinates and basis triples to create an image hash table with entries for indexing the handwritten words of the document, wherein the image hash table includes a list of the basis triples; f) indexing the handwritten words with the image hash table, wherein query word features are used to look up the handwritten words in the image hash table for candidate locations; and g) verifying registration of underlying words within the image hash table by projecting a query word onto one of the underlying words at the candidate locations to find a match.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
199 words
A method of localizing handwritten words in an image of a document, comprising: a) pre-processing a document containing handwriting where curves with features for word localization are extracted from handwritten words contained in the document, wherein each curve includes selected features with the selected features being less than all of the features for the curve; b) grouping the curves to form curve groups; c) computing basis triples from the selected features of the curves of the curve groups; d) computing affine coordinates for the features of the curves in each curve group with respect to corresponding basis triples computed with said (c); e) using the affine coordinates and basis triples to create an image hash table with entries for indexing the handwritten words of the document, wherein the image hash table includes a list of the basis triples; f) indexing the handwritten words with the image hash table, wherein query word features are used to look up the handwritten words in the image hash table for candidate locations; and g) verifying registration of underlying words within the image hash table by projecting a query word onto one of the underlying words at the candidate locations to find a match.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of of claim 1, in which basis points are taken from a single curve, wherein said (d) includes computing affine coordinates for all features on all curves in a curve group.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 2, further comprising accommodating for changes in appearance of handwritten words in terms of orientation, skew and intra-word separation.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the localizing is performed on a document obtained from either an image reading or electronic source.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 1, wherein said (g) includes recovering pose parameters by solving a set of linear equations to verify that a word corresponds with a candidate location.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 1, wherein said (g) includes: generating a verification score from curves; and determining whether the verification score exceeds a selected threshold.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 1, further comprising providing the curves with corners, wherein the selected features comprise the corners.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 1, further comprising using consecutive triples of features for basis points.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 1, in which consecutive triples are used for basis points, wherein said (c) includes computing a linear number of basis points.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2002-09-13 | 2003-03-15 | 2003-09-14 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2006-09-13 | 2007-03-15 | 2007-09-14 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2010-09-13 | 2011-03-15 | 2011-09-14 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |