Dynamic series voltage restoration for sensitive loads in unbalanced power systems

Claim 2

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is effected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a compensator inverter adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the compensator inverter responsive to control signals to generate a compensator inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; and (b) a compensator inverter controller means for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at the pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 3

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is effected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a three-phase voltage source inverter selected from the group of three-phase voltage source inverters consisting of: three single phase inverters connected across a DC bus to form a three-phase inverter, and a four-leg three-phase inverter, wherein the inverter is adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receives power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the inverter responsive to control signals to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; and (b) an inverter controller means for generating control signals that are provided to the inverter to control the inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at the pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the inverter and the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 4

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is effected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a three-phase voltage source inverter selected from the group of three-phase voltage source inverters consisting of: three single phase inverters connected across a DC bus to form a three-phase inverter, and a four-leg three-phase inverter, wherein the inverter is adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receives power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the inverter responsive to control signals to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; and (b) an inverter controller means for generating control signals that are provided to the inverter to control the inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at the pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the inverter and the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 5

The voltage restoration system of claim 1 wherein the DC storage device is a capacitor.

Claim 6

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is effected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a compensator inverter adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the compensator inverter responsive to control signals to generate a compensator inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; and (b) a compensator inverter controller means for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at the pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines, including means for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load on the multi-phase power lines is defined by balanced load voltage vectors having magnitudes equal to magnitudes of pre-fault load voltage vectors of the pre-fault voltage signal provided to the load and such that the load voltage vectors are rotated by a phase rotation angle from the pre-fault load voltage vectors, the phase rotation angle selected such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 7

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is effected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a compensator inverter adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the compensator inverter responsive to control signals to generate a compensator inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; and (b) a compensator inverter controller means for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at the pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines, including means for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load on the multi-phase power lines is defined by balanced load voltage vectors having magnitudes equal to magnitudes of pre-fault load voltage vectors of the pre-fault voltage signal provided to the load and such that the load voltage vectors are rotated by a phase rotation angle from the pre-fault load voltage vectors, the phase rotation angle selected such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 8

The voltage restoration system of claim 1 comprising additionally a multi-phase transformer adapted to be connected between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 9

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is effected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a compensator inverter adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the compensator inverter responsive to control signals to generate a compensator inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; and (b) a compensator inverter controller means for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at the pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines including: (i) means for generating control signals that are applied to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that a positive sequence component of the voltage signal provided to the load on the multi-phase power lines is equal to a pre-fault positive sequence component of the pre-fault voltage signal provided to the load; (ii) means for generating control signals that are applied to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that a negative sequence component of the voltage signal provided to the load is eliminated; and (iii) means for generating control signals that are applied to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 10

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is effected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a compensator inverter adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the compensator inverter responsive to control signals to generate a compensator inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; and (b) a compensator inverter controller means for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at the pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines including: (i) means for generating control signals that are applied to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that a positive sequence component of the voltage signal provided to the load on the multi-phase power lines is equal to a pre-fault positive sequence component of the pre-fault voltage signal provided to the load; (ii) means for generating control signals that are applied to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that a negative sequence component of the voltage signal provided to the load is eliminated; and (iii) means for generating control signals that are applied to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 11

The voltage restoration system of claim 6 wherein the compensator inverter controller means includes means for generating control signals that are applied to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that a zero sequence component of the voltage provided to the load is eliminated.

Claim 12

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is effected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a compensator inverter adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the compensator inverter responsive to control signals to generate a compensator inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; and (b) a compensator inverter controller means including a synchronous reference frame based controller for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at the pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 13

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is effected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a compensator inverter adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the compensator inverter responsive to control signals to generate a compensator inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; and (b) a compensator inverter controller means including a synchronous reference frame based controller for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at the pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 14

The voltage restoration system of claim 8 wherein the synchronous reference frame based controller includes: (a) a positive sequence three-phase to two-phase transformation means for transforming measured three phase compensator inverter terminal voltage signals into two-phase synchronously rotating reference frame signal values, DC signal extraction means for extracting a DC component corresponding to a fundamental positive sequence component of the compensator inverter terminal voltage signals from the two-phase signals, means for comparing the extracted DC signals to positive sequence compensator inverter terminal voltage reference command signals to generate two-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals, and positive sequence two-phase to three-phase transformation means for transforming the two-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals from the two-phase reference frame to the three-phase reference frame to form three-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals; (b) a negative sequence three-phase to two-phase transformation means for transforming measured three-phase compensator inverter terminal voltage signals into two-phase synchronously rotating reference frame signal values, DC signal extraction means for extracting a DC component corresponding to a fundamental negative sequence component of the compensator inverter terminal voltages from the two-phase signals to generate two-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals, and negative sequence two-phase to three-phase transformation means for transforming the two-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals from the two-phase reference frame to the three-phase reference frame to form three-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals; (c) a positive sequence three-phase to two-phase transformation means for transforming measured three-phase line current signals into two-phase synchronously rotating reference frame signal values, DC signal extraction means for extracting a two-phase DC component corresponding to a fundamental positive sequence component of the line currents from the two phase signals, an active impedance synthesizer means for generating two-phase DC bus control inverter voltage command signals from the fundamental positive sequence component of the line currents and a resistance command signal value and an inductance command signal value, the resistance command signal value defining the magnitude of a positive sequence voltage component to be generated in series with the multi-phase power lines and in phase with a positive sequence component of the line current such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines, the inductance command signal value defining the magnitude of a positive sequence voltage component to be generated in series with the multi-phase power lines and in quadrature with the positive sequence component of the line current such that the magnitude of the voltage signal provided to the load equals the pre-fault voltage magnitude, and a positive sequence two-phase to three-phase transformation means for transforming the two-phase DC bus control inverter voltage command signals from the two-phase synchronously rotating reference frame to the three-phase reference frame to form three-phase DC bus control inverter voltage command signals; and (d) means for combining the three-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals, the three-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals, and the three-phase DC bus control inverter voltage command signals to form a combined three-phase inverter voltage command signal.

Claim 15

The voltage restoration system of claim 9 wherein the positive sequence compensator terminal voltage reference command signals are equal to a positive sequence component of the pre-fault voltage signal at terminals of the compensator inverter.

Claim 16

The voltage restoration system of claim 9 wherein the positive sequence compensator terminal voltage reference command signals are set by a compensation reference decision system in response to selected system information.

Claim 17

The voltage restoration system of claim 9 comprising additionally means for combining the two-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals and the two-phase DC bus control inverter voltage command signals, and wherein the positive sequence two-phase to three-phase transformation means for transforming the two-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals into the three-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals and the positive sequence two-phase to three-phase transformation means for transforming the two-phase DC bus control inverter voltage command signals into the three-phase DC bus control inverter voltage command signals is a single positive sequence two-phase to three-phase transformation means for transforming the combined two-phase positive sequence and DC bus control inverter voltage command signals from the two-phase synchronously rotating reference frame to the three-phase reference frame.

Claim 18

The voltage restoration system of claim 9 comprising additionally: (a) means for comparing a measured DC bus voltage signal to a DC bus voltage reference command signal to form a DC bus voltage error signal, and means for deriving the resistance command signal value from the DC bus voltage error signal; and (b) means for squaring the two-phase DC components corresponding to the fundamental positive sequence component of the line current, means for adding together the squared two-phase DC components corresponding to the fundamental positive sequence component of the line current, means for taking the square root of the squared and summed two-phase DC components corresponding to the fundamental positive sequence component of the line current to form a positive sequence line current component magnitude signal, means for comparing the positive sequence line current component magnitude signal to a positive sequence line current component magnitude reference command signal to form a positive sequence line current component magnitude error signal, and means for deriving the inductance command signal value from the positive sequence line current component magnitude error signal.

Claim 19

The voltage restoration system of claim 13 wherein the positive sequence line current component magnitude reference command signal is equal to a magnitude of a positive sequence component of a pre-fault current on the multi-phase power line.

Claim 20

The voltage restoration system of claim 13 wherein the DC bus voltage reference command signal and the positive sequence line current component magnitude reference command signal are set by a compensation reference decision system in response to selected system information.

Claim 21

The voltage restoration system of claim 9 comprising additionally a negative sequence three-phase to two-phase transformation means for transforming measured three-phase line current signals into two-phase synchronously rotating reference frame signal values, DC signal extraction means for extracting a DC component corresponding to a fundamental negative sequence component of the line current from the two-phase signals, means for comparing the extracted DC signals to negative sequence line current reference command signals to generate negative sequence line current error signals, means for deriving a two-phase negative sequence line current component for the negative sequence inverter voltage command signals from the negative sequence line current error signals, and means for combining the two-phase negative sequence line current component for the negative sequence inverter voltage command signals with the two-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals.

Claim 22

The voltage restoration system of claim 16 wherein the negative sequence line current reference command signals are equal to zero.

Claim 23

The voltage restoration system of claim 9 comprising additionally a means for adding together the measured three-phase compensator inverter terminal voltage signals, means for dividing the summed three-phase compensator inverter terminal voltage signals by three to form a zero sequence inverter voltage command signal, and means for combining the zero sequence inverter voltage command signal with the three-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals, the three-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals, and the three-phase DC bus control inverter voltage command signals.

Claim 24

The voltage restoration system of claim 18 comprising additionally a means for adding together the measured three-phase line current signals, means for dividing the summed three-phase line current signals by three, stationary to rotating transformation means for transforming the summed and divided three-phase line current signals into rotating reference frame signal values, DC extraction means for extracting a DC component corresponding to a zero sequence component of the line current from the rotating reference frame signals, means for comparing the extracted DC signals to zero sequence line current component reference command signals to form zero sequence line current component error signals, means for deriving a rotating zero sequence line current component for the zero sequence inverter voltage command signal from the zero sequence line current component error signal, rotating to stationary transformation means for transforming the rotating zero sequence line current component for the zero sequence inverter voltage command signal from the rotating reference frame to the stationary reference frame to form a zero sequence line current component for the zero sequence inverter voltage command signal, and means for combining the zero sequence line current component for the zero sequence inverter voltage command signal with the zero sequence inverter voltage command signal.

Claim 25

The voltage restoration system of claim 19 wherein the zero sequence line current component reference command signals are equal to zero.

Claim 26

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is effected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a compensator inverter adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the compensator inverter responsive to control signals to generate a compensator inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; (b) a compensator inverter controller means for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at the pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines; (c) a utility system isolation switching device adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between the utility power source and the compensator inverter, the utility system isolation switching device being responsive to utility system isolation switching device control signals to connect and disconnect the utility system from the multi-phase power lines; and (d) an uninterruptible power supply controller means for providing the utility system isolation switching device control signals and for providing control signals to the compensator inverter, the uninterruptible power supply controller means including means for detecting an interruption of and a return of a source power signal provided from the utility power source on the multi-phase power lines, means for providing a utility system isolation switching device control signal to disconnect the utility system from the multi-phase power lines and for providing control signals to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to provide power to the load from power stored in the DC storage device when an interruption of the source power signal is detected, and means for providing a utility isolation switching device control signal to connect the utility system to the multi-phase power lines and for terminating the provision of control signals to the compensator inverter when a return of the source power signal is detected.

Claim 27

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is effected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a compensator inverter adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the compensator inverter responsive to control signals to generate a compensator inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; (b) a compensator inverter controller means for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at the pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines; (c) a utility system isolation switching device adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between the utility power source and the compensator inverter, the utility system isolation switching device being responsive to utility system isolation switching device control signals to connect and disconnect the utility system from the multi-phase power lines; and (d) an uninterruptible power supply controller means for providing the utility system isolation switching device control signals and for providing control signals to the compensator inverter, the uninterruptible power supply controller means including means for detecting an interruption of and a return of a source power signal provided from the utility power source on the multi-phase power lines, means for providing a utility system isolation switching device control signal to disconnect the utility system from the multi-phase power lines and for providing control signals to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to provide power to the load from power stored in the DC storage device when an interruption of the source power signal is detected, and means for providing a utility isolation switching device control signal to connect the utility system to the multi-phase power lines and for terminating the provision of control signals to the compensator inverter when a return of the source power signal is detected.

Claim 28

The voltage restoration system of claim 21 wherein the DC storage device is a battery.

Claim 29

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is effected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a compensator inverter adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the compensator inverter responsive to control signals to generate a compensator inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; (b) a compensator inverter controller means for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at the pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines; and (c) a harmonic compensation controller means for generating harmonic inverter control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate a harmonic inverter voltage signal having harmonic components which reduce a harmonic component of a voltage signal on the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 30

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is effected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a compensator inverter adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the compensator inverter responsive to control signals to generate a compensator inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; (b) a compensator inverter controller means for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at the pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines; and (c) a harmonic compensation controller means for generating harmonic inverter control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate a harmonic inverter voltage signal having harmonic components which reduce a harmonic component of a voltage signal on the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 31

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is effected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a compensator inverter connected in series with the multi-phase power lines of one feeder of a multiple feeder power distribution system between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the compensator inverter responsive to control signals to generate a compensator inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; and (b) a compensator inverter controller means for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at the pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 32

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is effected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a compensator inverter connected in series with the multi-phase power lines of one feeder of a multiple feeder power distribution system between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the compensator inverter responsive to control signals to generate a compensator inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; and (b) a compensator inverter controller means for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at the pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 35

The method of claim 25 wherein the injected compensation voltage signal causes the voltage signal provided to the load on the multi-phase power lines to be defined by balanced load voltage vectors having magnitudes equal to magnitudes of pre-fault load voltage vectors of the pre-fault voltage signal provided to the load and wherein the load voltage vectors are rotated by a phase rotation angle from the pre-fault load voltage vectors, wherein the phase rotation angle is selected such that the compensation voltage signal does not cause any real power flow into the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 38

The method of claim 27 wherein the inverter voltage signal generated in series with the multi-phase power lines causes the voltage signal provided to the load on the multi-phase power lines to be defined by balanced load voltage vectors having magnitudes equal to magnitudes of pre-fault load voltage vectors of the pre-fault voltage signal provided to the load and wherein the load voltage vectors are rotated by a phase rotation angle from the pre-fault load voltage vectors, wherein the phase rotation angle is selected such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 39

The method of claim 27 wherein the step of controlling the compensator inverter includes the steps of: (a) controlling the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that a positive sequence component of the voltage signal provided to the load on the multi-phase power lines is equal to a pre-fault positive sequence component of the pre-fault voltage signal provided to the load; (b) controlling the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that a negative sequence component of the voltage signal provided to the load is eliminated; and (c) controlling the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 40

The method of claim 29 wherein the step of controlling the compensator inverter further includes the step of controlling the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that a zero sequence component of the voltage provided to the load is eliminated.

Claim 41

The method of claim 29 wherein the step of controlling the compensator inverter includes the steps of: (a) measuring three-phase compensator inverter terminal voltage signals; (b) transforming the measured three-phase compensator inverter terminal voltage signals into positive sequence two-phase synchronously rotating reference frame signal values; (c) extracting a DC component corresponding to a fundamental positive sequence component of the compensator inverter terminal voltage signals from the positive sequence two-phase signals; (d) comparing the extracted DC component to positive sequence compensator inverter terminal voltage reference command signals to generate two-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals; (e) transforming the two-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals from the two-phase reference frame to the three-phase reference frame to form three-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals; (f) transforming the measured three-phase compensator inverter terminal voltage signals into negative sequence two-phase synchronously rotating reference frame signal values; (g) extracting a DC component corresponding to a fundamental negative sequence component of the compensator inverter terminal voltages from the two-phase signals to generate two-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals; (h) transforming the two-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals from the two-phase reference frame to the three-phase reference frame to form three-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals; (i) measuring three-phase power line current signals; (j) transforming the measured three-phase line current signals into positive sequence two-phase synchronously rotating reference frame signal values; (k) extracting a two-phase DC component corresponding to a fundamental positive sequence component of the line currents from the two phase signals; (l) generating two-phase DC bus control inverter voltage command signals from the fundamental positive sequence component of the line currents and a resistance command signal value and an inductance command signal value, wherein the resistance command signal value defines the magnitude of a positive sequence voltage component to be generated in series with the multi-phase power lines and in phase with a positive sequence component of the line current such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines, and wherein the inductance command signal value defines the magnitude of a positive sequence voltage component to be generated in series with the multi-phase power lines and in quadrature with the positive sequence component of the line current such that the magnitude of the voltage signal provided to the load equals the pre-fault voltage magnitude; (m) transforming the two-phase DC bus control inverter voltage command signals from the two-phase synchronously rotating reference frame to the three-phase reference frame to form three-phase DC bus control inverter voltage command signals; (n) combining the three-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals, the three-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals, and the three-phase DC bus control inverter voltage command signals to form a combined three-phase inverter voltage command signal; and (o) providing the three-phase inverter voltage command signals to the voltage compensator inverter.

Claim 42

The method of claim 31 wherein the step of providing the three-phase inverter voltage command signals to the voltage compensator inverter includes the step of converting the three-phase inverter voltage command signals into switching control signals for controlling switching devices in the voltage compensator inverter.

Claim 43

The method of claim 31 wherein the positive sequence compensator terminal voltage reference command signals are equal to a positive sequence component of the pre-fault voltage signal at terminals of the voltage compensator inverter.

Claim 44

The method of claim 31 comprising additionally the step of combining the two-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals and the two-phase DC bus control inverter voltage command signals, and wherein the steps of transforming the two-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals into the three-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals and transforming the two-phase DC bus control inverter voltage command signals into the three-phase DC bus control inverter voltage command signals are performed in a combined step of transforming the combined two-phase positive sequence and DC bus control inverter voltage command signals from the two-phase synchronously rotating reference frame to the three-phase reference frame.

Claim 45

The method of claim 31 comprising additionally the steps of: (a) comparing a measured DC bus voltage signal to a DC bus voltage reference command signal to form a DC bus voltage error signal; (b) deriving the resistance command signal value from the DC bus voltage error signal; (c) squaring the two-phase DC components corresponding to the fundamental positive sequence component of the line current; (d) adding together the squared two-phase DC components corresponding to the fundamental positive sequence component of the line current; (e) taking the square root of the squared and summed two-phase DC components corresponding to the fundamental positive sequence component of the line current to form a positive sequence line current component magnitude signal; (f) comparing the positive sequence line current component magnitude signal to a positive sequence line current component magnitude reference command signal to form a positive sequence line current component magnitude error signal; and (g) deriving the inductance command signal value from the positive sequence line current component magnitude error signal.

Claim 46

The method of claim 35 wherein the positive sequence line current component magnitude reference command signal is equal to a magnitude of a positive sequence component of a pre-fault current on the multi-phase power line.

Claim 47

The method of claim 31 comprising additionally the steps of: (a) transforming the measured three-phase line current signals into negative sequence two-phase synchronously rotating reference frame signal values; (b) extracting a DC component corresponding to a fundamental negative sequence component of the line current from the two-phase signals; (c) comparing the extracted DC signals to negative sequence line current reference command signals to generate negative sequence line current error signals; (d) deriving a two-phase negative sequence line current component for the negative sequence inverter voltage command signals from the negative sequence line current error signals; and (e) combining the two-phase negative sequence line current component for the negative sequence inverter voltage command signals with the two-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals.

Claim 48

The method of claim 37 wherein the negative sequence line current reference command signals are equal to zero.

Claim 49

The method of claim 31 comprising additionally the steps of: (a) adding together the measured three-phase voltage compensator inverter terminal voltage signals; (b) dividing the summed three-phase voltage compensator inverter terminal voltage signals by three to form a zero sequence inverter voltage command signal; and (c) combining the zero sequence inverter voltage command signal with the three-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals, the three-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals, and the three-phase DC bus control inverter voltage command signals.

Claim 50

The method of claim 39 comprising additionally the steps of: (a) adding together the measured three-phase line current signals; (b) dividing the summed three-phase line current signals by three; (c) transforming the summed and divided three-phase line current signals into rotating reference frame signal values; (d) extracting a DC component corresponding to a zero sequence component of the line current from the rotating reference frame signals; (e) comparing the extracted DC signals to zero sequence line current component reference command signals to form zero sequence line current component error signals; (f) deriving a zero sequence line current component for the zero sequence inverter voltage command signal from the zero sequence line current component error signal; (g) transforming the zero sequence line current component for the zero sequence inverter voltage command signal from the rotating reference frame to the stationary reference frame to form a zero sequence line current component for the zero sequence inverter voltage command signal; and (h) combining the zero sequence line current component for the zero sequence inverter voltage command signal with the zero sequence inverter voltage command signal.

Claim 51

The method of claim 40 wherein the zero sequence line current component reference command signals are equal to zero.

Claim 52

The method of claim 27 comprising additionally the step of controlling the voltage compensator inverter to generate a harmonic inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines, wherein the harmonic inverter voltage signal includes harmonic frequency components which reduce a harmonic component of a voltage signal on the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 53

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is effected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a compensator inverter adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the compensator inverter responsive to control signals to generate a compensator inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; (b) a compensator inverter controller means for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at a selected percentage of the pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines; and (c) a compensation reference decision system means for determining the selected percentage of the pre-fault voltage signal level based on selected system information.

Claim 54

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is effected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a compensator inverter adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the compensator inverter responsive to control signals to generate a compensator inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; (b) a compensator inverter controller means for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at a selected percentage of the pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines; and (c) a compensation reference decision system means for determining the selected percentage of the pre-fault voltage signal level based on selected system information.

Claim 55

The voltage restoration system of claim 43 wherein the compensation reference decision system means includes: (a) means for calculating a phase rotation angle of the voltage signal provided to the load with respect to the pre-fault voltage signal provided to the load; and (b) means for reducing the selected percentage of the pre-fault voltage signal level of the calculated phase rotation angle exceeds a selected maximum phase rotation angle.

Claim 56

A combined voltage restoration, uninterruptible power supply, and harmonic compensation system, for conditioning the voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines, comprising: (a) an inverter adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the inverter responsive to control signals to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; (b) a utility system isolation switching device adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between the utility power source and the inverter, the utility system isolation switching device being responsive to utility system isolation switching device control signals to connect and disconnect the utility system from the multi-phase power lines (c) a compensator inverter controller means for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at a pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines; (d) an uninterruptible power supply controller means for providing the utility system isolation switching device control signals and for providing control signals to the inverter, the uninterruptible power supply controller means including means for detecting an interruption of and a return of a source power signal provided from the utility power source on the multi-phase power lines, means for providing a utility system isolation switching device control signal to disconnect the utility system from the multi-phase power lines and for providing control signals to the inverter to control the compensator inverter to provide power to the load from power stored in the DC storage device when an interruption of the source power signal is detected, and means for providing a utility isolation switching device control signal to connect the utility system to the multi-phase power lines and for terminating the provision of control signals to the inverter when a return of the source power signal is detected; and (e) a harmonic compensation controller means for generating harmonic inverter control signals that are provided to the inverter to control the inverter to generate a harmonic inverter voltage signal having harmonic components which reduce a harmonic component of a voltage signal on the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 57

A combined voltage restoration, uninterruptible power supply, and harmonic compensation system, for conditioning the voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines, comprising: (a) an inverter adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the inverter responsive to control signals to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; (b) a utility system isolation switching device adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between the utility power source and the inverter, the utility system isolation switching device being responsive to utility system isolation switching device control signals to connect and disconnect the utility system from the multi-phase power lines (c) a compensator inverter controller means for generating control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at a pre-fault voltage signal level and such that there is no real power flow between the compensator inverter and the multi-phase power lines; (d) an uninterruptible power supply controller means for providing the utility system isolation switching device control signals and for providing control signals to the inverter, the uninterruptible power supply controller means including means for detecting an interruption of and a return of a source power signal provided from the utility power source on the multi-phase power lines, means for providing a utility system isolation switching device control signal to disconnect the utility system from the multi-phase power lines and for providing control signals to the inverter to control the compensator inverter to provide power to the load from power stored in the DC storage device when an interruption of the source power signal is detected, and means for providing a utility isolation switching device control signal to connect the utility system to the multi-phase power lines and for terminating the provision of control signals to the inverter when a return of the source power signal is detected; and (e) a harmonic compensation controller means for generating harmonic inverter control signals that are provided to the inverter to control the inverter to generate a harmonic inverter voltage signal having harmonic components which reduce a harmonic component of a voltage signal on the multi-phase power lines.

Claim 58

The system of claim 45 wherein the DC storage device is a battery.

Claim 59

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is affected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a compensator inverter adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the compensator inverter responsive to control signals to generate a compensator inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; and (b) a compensator inverter controller means for generating voltage control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at the pre-fault voltage signal level, including: (i) means for generating voltage control signals that are applied to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that a positive sequence component of the voltage signal provided to the load on the multi-phase power lines is equal to a pre-fault positive sequence component of the pre-fault voltage signal provided to the load; and (ii) means for generating voltage control signals that are applied to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that a negative sequence component of the voltage signal provided to the load is eliminated.

Claim 60

A voltage restoration system for restoring a voltage signal provided to a load on multi-phase power lines which is affected by a fault condition, comprising: (a) a compensator inverter adapted to be connected in series with the multi-phase power lines between a utility power source and the load and receiving power from a DC storage device connected across a DC bus thereof, the compensator inverter responsive to control signals to generate a compensator inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines; and (b) a compensator inverter controller means for generating voltage control signals that are provided to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that the voltage signal provided to the load is a balanced multi-phase voltage signal at the pre-fault voltage signal level, including: (i) means for generating voltage control signals that are applied to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that a positive sequence component of the voltage signal provided to the load on the multi-phase power lines is equal to a pre-fault positive sequence component of the pre-fault voltage signal provided to the load; and (ii) means for generating voltage control signals that are applied to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that a negative sequence component of the voltage signal provided to the load is eliminated.

Claim 61

The voltage restoration system of claim 47 wherein the compensator inverter controller means includes means for generating control signals that are applied to the compensator inverter to control the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that a zero sequence component of the voltage provided to the load is eliminated.

Claim 62

The voltage restoration system of claim 47 wherein the compensator inverter controller means includes a synchronous reference frame-based controller.

Claim 63

The voltage restoration system of claim 49 wherein the synchronous reference frame-based controller includes: (a) a positive sequence three-phase to two-phase transformation means for transforming measured three-phase compensator inverter terminal voltage signals into two-phase synchronously rotating reference frame signal values, DC signal extraction means for extracting a DC component corresponding to a fundamental positive sequence component of the compensator inverter terminal voltage signals from the two-phase signals, means for comparing the extracted DC signals to positive sequence compensator inverter terminal voltage reference command signals to generate two-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals, and positive sequence two-phase to three-phase transformation means for transforming the two-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals from the two-phase reference frame to the three-phase reference frame to form three-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals; (b) a negative sequence three-phase to two-phase transformation means for transforming measured three-phase compensator inverter terminal voltage signals into two-phase synchronously rotating reference frame signal values, DC signal extraction means for extracting a DC component corresponding to a fundamental negative sequence component of the compensator inverter terminal voltages from the two-phase signals to generate two-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals, and negative sequence two-phase to three-phase transformation means for transforming the two-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals from the two-phase reference frame to the three-phase reference frame to form three-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals; and (c) means for combining the three-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals and the three-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals to form a combined three-phase inverter voltage command signal.

Claim 66

The method of claim 51 wherein the step of controlling the compensator inverter further includes the step of controlling the compensator inverter to generate an inverter voltage signal in series with the multi-phase power lines such that a zero sequence component of the voltage signal provided to the load is eliminated.

Claim 67

The method of claim 51 wherein the step of controlling the compensator inverter includes the steps of: (a) measuring three-phase compensator inverter terminal voltage signals; (b) transforming the measured three-phase compensator inverter terminal voltage signals into positive sequence two-phase synchronously rotating reference frame signal values; (c) extracting a DC component corresponding to a fundamental positive sequence component of the compensator inverter terminal voltage signals from the positive sequence two-phase signals; (d) comparing the extracted DC component to positive sequence compensator inverter terminal voltage reference command signals to generate two-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals; (e) transforming the two-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals from the two-phase referenced frame to the three-phase reference frame to form three-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals; (f) transforming the measured three-phase compensator inverter terminal voltage signals into negative sequence two-phase synchronously rotating reference frame signal values; (g) extracting a DC component corresponding to a fundamental negative sequence component of the compensator inverter terminal voltages from the two-phase signals to generate two-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals; (h) transforming the two-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals from the two-phase reference frame to the three-phase reference frame to form three-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals; (i) combining the three-phase positive sequence inverter voltage command signals and the three-phase negative sequence inverter voltage command signals to form a combined three-phase inverter voltage command signal; and (j) providing the combined three-phase inverter voltage command signal to the voltage compensator inverter.