Spread spectrum clock generator and associated method

Claim 1

A clock circuit for generating a clock output signal with reduced amplitude electromagnetic interference (EMI) spectral components, said clock circuit comprising: oscillator means for generating a reference frequency signal; and spread spectrum clock generating means cooperating with said oscillator means for generating a spread spectrum clock output signal having a fundamental frequency and reduced amplitude EMI spectral components at harmonics of the fundamental frequency, said spread spectrum clock generating means comprising: clock pulse generating means for generating a series of clock pulses, and profile modulating means for phase modulating the series of clock pulses with a periodic waveform having a percentage of phase deviation profile as a function of percentage of a period (% Period) of the periodic waveform within an envelope defined by predetermined upper and lower bounds, said predetermined upper bound for a second quadrant is defined by Φ 3 which is equal to ##EQU5## and said predetermined lower bound is defined by Φ 4 which is equal to ##EQU6## wherein for a first quadrant between -25% to 0% Period the lower bound is equal to Φ 4 (-% Period) and the upper bound is equal to Φ 3 (-% Period); wherein for a third quadrant between 25% to 50% Period the lower bound is equal to -Φ 3 (50-% Period) and the upper bound is equal to -Φ 4 (50-% Period); and wherein for a fourth quadrant the lower bound is equal to -Φ 3 (% Period-50) and the upper bound is equal to -Φ 4 (% Period-50).

Claim 4

A method for generating a clock output signal with reduced amplitude electromagnetic interference (EMI) spectral components, said method comprising the steps of: generating a series of clock pulses; and spread spectrum modulating the series of clock pulses to broaden and flatten amplitudes of EMI spectral components which would otherwise be produced along with the series of clock pulses by phase modulating the series of clock pulses with a periodic waveform having a percentage of phase deviation profile as a function of percentage of a period (% Period) of the periodic waveform within an envelope defined by predetermined upper and lower bounds, wherein the predetermined upper bound for a second quadrant is defined by Φ 3 which is equal to ##EQU8## and said predetermined lower bound is defined by Φ 4 which is equal to ##EQU9## wherein for a first quadrant between -25% to 0% Period the lower bound is equal to Φ 4 (-% Period) and the upper bound is equal to -Φ 3 (-% Period); wherein for a third quadrant between 25% to 50% Period the lower bound is equal to -Φ 3 (50-% Period) and the upper bound is equal to -Φ 4 (50-% Period); and wherein for a fourth quadrant the lower bound is equal to -Φ 3 (% Period-50) and the upper bound is equal to -Φ 4 (% Period-50).

Claim 5

A method for generating a clock output signal with reduced amplitude electromagnetic interference (EMI) spectral components, said method comprising the steps of: generating a series of clock pulses; and spread spectrum modulating the series of clock pulses to broaden and flatten amplitudes of EMI spectral components which would otherwise be produced along with the series of clock pulses by phase modulating the series of clock pulses with a periodic waveform having a percentage of phase deviation profile as a function of percentage of a period (% Period) of the periodic waveform within an envelope defined by predetermined upper and lower bounds, wherein the predetermined upper bound for a second quadrant is defined by Φ 3 which is equal to ##EQU8## and said predetermined lower bound is defined by Φ 4 which is equal to ##EQU9## wherein for a first quadrant between -25% to 0% Period the lower bound is equal to Φ 4 (-% Period) and the upper bound is equal to -Φ 3 (-% Period); wherein for a third quadrant between 25% to 50% Period the lower bound is equal to -Φ 3 (50-% Period) and the upper bound is equal to -Φ 4 (50-% Period); and wherein for a fourth quadrant the lower bound is equal to -Φ 3 (% Period-50) and the upper bound is equal to -Φ 4 (% Period-50).

Claim 10

A method for generating a clock output signal with reduced amplitude electromagnetic interference (EMI) spectral components, said method comprising the steps of: generating a series of clock pulses; and spread spectrum modulating the series of clock pulses to broaden and flatten amplitudes of EMI spectral components which would otherwise be produced along with the series of clock pulses by frequency modulating the series of clock pulses with a periodic waveform defined as follows: ##EQU12## wherein: f(t) defines the periodic waveform for a single period P; H 1 is a first gain constant of the form 4pB/P; H 2 is a second gain constant of the form (1-p)B/ (P/4) 3 ; P is the period of the periodic waveform; B is one-half of a bandwidth of the resulting spread spectrum clock output signal; and p is a scaling factor between greater than zero and less than 1.

Claim 11

A method for generating a clock output signal with reduced amplitude electromagnetic interference (EMI) spectral components, said method comprising the steps of: generating a series of clock pulses; and spread spectrum modulating the series of clock pulses to broaden and flatten amplitudes of EMI spectral components which would otherwise be produced along with the series of clock pulses by frequency modulating the series of clock pulses with a periodic waveform defined as follows: ##EQU12## wherein: f(t) defines the periodic waveform for a single period P; H 1 is a first gain constant of the form 4pB/P; H 2 is a second gain constant of the form (1-p)B/ (P/4) 3 ; P is the period of the periodic waveform; B is one-half of a bandwidth of the resulting spread spectrum clock output signal; and p is a scaling factor between greater than zero and less than 1.

Claim 15

A method for generating a clock output signal with reduced amplitude electromagnetic interference (EMI) spectral components, said method comprising the steps of: generating a series of clock pulses; and spread spectrum modulating the series of clock pulses to broaden and flatten amplitudes of EMI spectral components which would otherwise be produced along with the series of clock pulses by phase modulating the series of clock pulses with a periodic waveform defined as follows: ##EQU14## wherein: S(t) defines the periodic waveform for a single period P; C is an offset constant of the form ((1-p)BP/16)+(pBP/8); K 1 is a first gain constant of the form 2pB/P; K 2 is a second gain constant of the form (1-p)B/(4(P/4) 3 ); P is the period of the periodic waveform; B is one-half of a bandwidth of the resulting spread spectrum clock output signal; and p is a scaling factor between greater than zero and less than 1.

Claim 16

A method for generating a clock output signal with reduced amplitude electromagnetic interference (EMI) spectral components, said method comprising the steps of: generating a series of clock pulses; and spread spectrum modulating the series of clock pulses to broaden and flatten amplitudes of EMI spectral components which would otherwise be produced along with the series of clock pulses by phase modulating the series of clock pulses with a periodic waveform defined as follows: ##EQU14## wherein: S(t) defines the periodic waveform for a single period P; C is an offset constant of the form ((1-p)BP/16)+(pBP/8); K 1 is a first gain constant of the form 2pB/P; K 2 is a second gain constant of the form (1-p)B/(4(P/4) 3 ); P is the period of the periodic waveform; B is one-half of a bandwidth of the resulting spread spectrum clock output signal; and p is a scaling factor between greater than zero and less than 1.