Spectral and power shaping mapper for high data rate signalling

Claim 2

A PAM mapper, comprising: a) memory means for storing indications of at least one PAM constellation; and b) code generation means coupled to said memory means, said code generation means adapted to function in a first spectral and power shaping mode and in a second power shaping mode without spectral shaping, said code generation means including (i) grouping logic means for taking a group of incoming bits, and in both said first and second modes, for dividing said group of incoming bits into a first subgroup of bits, a second subgroup of bits, and a third subgroup of bits, (ii) means for receiving said first subgroup of bits, and for generating therefrom in said first mode two sign manipulation vectors, and in said second mode a single sign vector, (iii) means for receiving said second subgroup of bits and for generating therefrom in said first and second modes at least two magnitude manipulation vectors, (iv) means for receiving said third subgroup of bits and generating at least one integer value therefrom, (v) point selector means for receiving said at least two magnitude manipulation vectors and said at least one integer value, and for selecting at least two sequences of at least one indication of a constellation point each from said at least one PAM constellation, and (vi) a shaping selector means including a convolutional encoder, said shaping selector means for receiving said at least two sequences and for receiving in said first mode said two sign manipulation vectors and in said second mode said single sign vector, said shaping selector means for selecting a convolutionally encoded output in said first mode based on said at least two sequences and said two sign manipulation vectors, and in said second mode based on said at least two sequences and said single sign vector.

Claim 3

A PAM mapper according to claim 1, wherein: said means for receiving said second subgroup of bits generates a first number of magnitude vectors in said first mode and a second number of magnitude vectors different than said first number in said second mode.

Claim 4

A PAM mapper according to claim 2, wherein: said second number of magnitude vectors is four magnitude vectors.

Claim 5

A PAM mapper according to claim 3, wherein: said means for receiving said second subgroup of bits comprises magnitude manipulation means for appending a bit of predetermined value to said second subgroup of bits to generate an assemblage, for taking said assemblage as a first magnitude vector, and for generating three additional magnitude vectors by XORing said assemblage with three additional vectors.

Claim 6

A PAM mapper according to claim 4, wherein: said three additional vectors comprise a first vector having a first number of ones followed by the same number of zeros, a second vector having said first number of zeros followed by said same number of ones, and a third vector either having the same number of alternating ones and zeros or having all ones.

Claim 7

A PAM mapper according to claim 1, wherein: in said first mode said convolutional encoder receives at least four combinations of said at least two sequences and said two sign manipulation vectors, and in said second mode said convolutional encoder receives at least two combinations of said at least two sequences and said sign vector.

Claim 8

A PAM mapper according to claim 1, wherein: said means for receiving said first subgroup of bits comprises a differential encoder and sign manipulation means for manipulating said first subgroup of bits in said first mode to generate a first sign vector, wherein a second sign vector is taken from an output of said differential encoder.

Claim 9

A PAM mapper according to claim 1, wherein: said code generation means is adapted to function in a third straight mapping mode without power or spectral shaping, wherein in said third mode said means for receiving said first subgroup of bits generates a single sign vector, said means for receiving said second subgroup of bits provides said second group of bits as a single magnitude vector, said point selector means selects a single sequence of at least one indication of a constellation point from said at least one PAM constellation, and said shaping selector means uses said indication of a constellation point and said single sign vector for generating an output.

Claim 10

A PAM mapper according to claim 8, wherein: said code generation means is adapted to function in a fourth power shaping mode without spectral shaping, wherein in said fourth mode said means for receiving said first subgroup of bits generates a single sign vector, said means for receiving said second subgroup of bits generates therefrom at least two magnitude manipulation vectors, said point selector means selects at least two sequences of at least one indication of a constellation point each from said at least one PAM constellation, and said shaping selector means calculates power associated with said at least two sequences and selects a point from said at least two sequences based on power calculations.

Claim 11

A PAM mapper according to claim 1, wherein: said code generation means is adapted to function in a third power shaping mode without spectral shaping, wherein in said third mode said means for receiving said first subgroup of bits generates a single sign vector, said means for receiving said second subgroup of bits generates therefrom at least two magnitude manipulation vectors, said point selector means selects at least two sequences of at least one indication of a constellation point each from said at least one PAM constellation, and said shaping selector means calculates power associated with said at least two sequences and selects a point from said at least two sequences based on power calculations.

Claim 12

A PAM mapper according to claim 1, wherein: said shaping selector means selects a convolutionally encoded output based on at least one specified criterion.

Claim 13

A PAM mapper according to claim 11, wherein: in said first mode said convolutional encoder implements a general linear filter and said at least one specified criterion is a cost function, and in said second mode said specified criterion is an indication of the power of the paths in said convolutional encoder.

Claim 14

A PAM mapper according to claim 11, wherein: said shaping selector means further comprises an octet-to-μ-law-value look-up table.

Claim 15

A PAM mapper, comprising: a) memory means for storing indications of at least one PAM constellation; and b) code generation means coupled to said memory means, said code generation means adapted to function in a first spectral and power shaping mode and in a second straight mapping mode without power or spectral shaping, said code generation means including (i) grouping logic means for taking a group of incoming bits, and in both said first and second modes, for dividing said group of incoming bits into a first subgroup of bits, a second subgroup of bits, and a third subgroup of bits, (ii) means for receiving said first subgroup of bits, and for generating therefrom in said first mode two sign manipulation vectors, and in said second mode for using said first subgroup of bits as a single sign vector, (iii) means for receiving said second subgroup of bits and for generating therefrom in said first mode at least two magnitude manipulation vectors, wherein in said second mode said second subgroup of bits are taken as a single magnitude vector, (iv) means for receiving said third subgroup of bits and generating at least one integer value therefrom, (v) point selector means for receiving in said first mode at least two magnitude manipulation vectors and said at least one integer value, and for selecting at least two sequences of at least one indication of a constellation point each from said at least one PAM constellation, and for receiving in said second mode said single magnitude vector and said at least one integer value and for selecting a single sequence of at least one indication of a constellation point from said at least one PAM constellation, (vi) a shaping selector means including a convolutional encoder, said shaping selector means for receiving in said first mode said at least two sequences and said two sign manipulation vectors and for selecting in said first mode a convolutionally encoded output based on said at least two sequences and said two sign manipulation vectors, said shaping selector means for receiving in said second mode said single sequence and for using said single sequence as outputs.

Claim 16

A PAM mapper, comprising: a) memory means for storing indications of at least one PAM constellation; and b) code generation means coupled to said memory means, said code generation means adapted to function in a first spectral and power shaping mode and in a second straight mapping mode without power or spectral shaping, said code generation means including (i) grouping logic means for taking a group of incoming bits, and in both said first and second modes, for dividing said group of incoming bits into a first subgroup of bits, a second subgroup of bits, and a third subgroup of bits, (ii) means for receiving said first subgroup of bits, and for generating therefrom in said first mode two sign manipulation vectors, and in said second mode for using said first subgroup of bits as a single sign vector, (iii) means for receiving said second subgroup of bits and for generating therefrom in said first mode at least two magnitude manipulation vectors, wherein in said second mode said second subgroup of bits are taken as a single magnitude vector, (iv) means for receiving said third subgroup of bits and generating at least one integer value therefrom, (v) point selector means for receiving in said first mode at least two magnitude manipulation vectors and said at least one integer value, and for selecting at least two sequences of at least one indication of a constellation point each from said at least one PAM constellation, and for receiving in said second mode said single magnitude vector and said at least one integer value and for selecting a single sequence of at least one indication of a constellation point from said at least one PAM constellation, (vi) a shaping selector means including a convolutional encoder, said shaping selector means for receiving in said first mode said at least two sequences and said two sign manipulation vectors and for selecting in said first mode a convolutionally encoded output based on said at least two sequences and said two sign manipulation vectors, said shaping selector means for receiving in said second mode said single sequence and for using said single sequence as outputs.

Claim 17

A PAM mapper according to claim 14, wherein: in said first mode said convolutional encoder implements a general linear filter.

Claim 18

A PAM mapper, comprising: a) memory means for storing indications of at least one PAM constellation; and b) code generation means coupled to said memory means, said code generation means adapted to function in a first power shaping mode and in a second straight mapping mode, said code generation means including (i) grouping logic means for taking a group of incoming bits, and in both said first and second modes, for dividing said group of incoming bits into a first subgroup of bits, a second subgroup of bits, and a third subgroup of bits, (ii) means for receiving said first subgroup of bits, and for generating therefrom in said first mode a single sign vector, (iii) means for receiving said second subgroup of bits and for generating therefrom in said first mode at least two magnitude manipulation vectors, and in said second mode, a single magnitude vector, (iv) means for receiving said third subgroup of bits and generating at least one integer value therefrom, (v) point selector means for receiving in said first mode said at least two magnitude manipulation vectors and said at least one integer value, and for selecting at least two sequences of at least one indication of a constellation point each from said at least one PAM constellation, and for receiving in said second mode said magnitude vector and said at least one integer value and for selecting a single sequence of at least one indication of a constellation point from said at least one PAM constellation, (vi) a shaping selector means including a convolutional encoder, said shaping selector means for receiving in said first mode said at least two sequences and said single sign vector, said shaping selector means for selecting a convolutionally encoded output in said first mode based on said at least two sequences and said single sign vector, said shaping selector means for receiving in said second mode said single sequence and for using said single sequence as outputs.

Claim 19

A PAM mapper, comprising: a) memory means for storing indications of at least one PAM constellation; and b) code generation means coupled to said memory means, said code generation means adapted to function in a first power shaping mode and in a second straight mapping mode, said code generation means including (i) grouping logic means for taking a group of incoming bits, and in both said first and second modes, for dividing said group of incoming bits into a first subgroup of bits, a second subgroup of bits, and a third subgroup of bits, (ii) means for receiving said first subgroup of bits, and for generating therefrom in said first mode a single sign vector, (iii) means for receiving said second subgroup of bits and for generating therefrom in said first mode at least two magnitude manipulation vectors, and in said second mode, a single magnitude vector, (iv) means for receiving said third subgroup of bits and generating at least one integer value therefrom, (v) point selector means for receiving in said first mode said at least two magnitude manipulation vectors and said at least one integer value, and for selecting at least two sequences of at least one indication of a constellation point each from said at least one PAM constellation, and for receiving in said second mode said magnitude vector and said at least one integer value and for selecting a single sequence of at least one indication of a constellation point from said at least one PAM constellation, (vi) a shaping selector means including a convolutional encoder, said shaping selector means for receiving in said first mode said at least two sequences and said single sign vector, said shaping selector means for selecting a convolutionally encoded output in said first mode based on said at least two sequences and said single sign vector, said shaping selector means for receiving in said second mode said single sequence and for using said single sequence as outputs.

Claim 20

A PAM mapper according to claim 16, wherein: said at least two magnitude vectors comprises four magnitude vectors.

Claim 21

A PAM mapper according to claim 16, wherein: said means for receiving said second subgroup of bits comprises magnitude manipulation means for appending a bit of predetermined value to said second subgroup of bits in said first mode to generate an assemblage, for taking said assemblage as a first magnitude vector, and for generating three additional magnitude vectors by XORing said assemblage with three additional vectors.

Claim 22

A PAM mapper according to claim 18, wherein: said three additional vectors comprise a first vector having a first number of ones followed by the same number of zeros, a second vector having said first number of zeros followed by said same number of ones, and a third vector either having the same number of alternating ones and zeros or having all ones.