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US5803629A Expired / Lapsed US ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

Method and apparatus for automatic, shape-based character spacing

Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1997-03-14
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Granted: 1998-09-08
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Expires: 2017-03-14
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Abstract

Abstract Apparatus and methods for setting intercharacter spacing for display, rendering or other output of strings of adjacent characters utilize character shapes to set final spacing amounts. The invention stores specifications of characters to be rendered adjacently along an axis, the specifications including a font associated with each of the characters, each character having an associated interior portion defined by a contour portion, and adjacent characters having opposed contour segments separated along the axis by at least one intercharacter contour distance at an initial (e.g., default) intercharacter spacing; and sets a final intercharacter spacing between pairs of adjacent characters along the axis based on a portion of the intercharacter contour distances; the invention may further utilize statistical analysis of these distances in setting spacing.

Inventors

  • 👤 Paul H. Neville
  • 👤 William J. Fox

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-11-09 18:01
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06F; G06F40/00; G06F40/10; G06F40/103; G06F40/109

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 44
Claim 1
Independent Claim 141 words
Apparatus for setting character placement for rendering on an output device, the apparatus comprising: a. means for storing specifications of at least two characters to be rendered adjacently along a spacing axis, the specifications including a font associated with each of the characters, each character having an associated interior portion defined by a surrounding contour, adjacent characters having opposed contour segments separated, at an initial intercharacter spacing, along the spacing axis by a plurality of intercharacter contour distance measurements between the opposed contour segments, each intercharacter contour distance measurement being taken in a direction parallel to the spacing axis at a different location along an axis perpendicular to the spacing axis; and b. means for analyzing at least some of the intercharacter contour distance measurements and deriving therefrom a final intercharacter spacing between pairs of adjacent characters along the spacing axis.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim 141 words
Apparatus for setting character placement for rendering on an output device, the apparatus comprising: a. means for storing specifications of at least two characters to be rendered adjacently along a spacing axis, the specifications including a font associated with each of the characters, each character having an associated interior portion defined by a surrounding contour, adjacent characters having opposed contour segments separated, at an initial intercharacter spacing, along the spacing axis by a plurality of intercharacter contour distance measurements between the opposed contour segments, each intercharacter contour distance measurement being taken in a direction parallel to the spacing axis at a different location along an axis perpendicular to the spacing axis; and b. means for analyzing at least some of the intercharacter contour distance measurements and deriving therefrom a final intercharacter spacing between pairs of adjacent characters along the spacing axis.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 47 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the intercharacter distance measurements define a range from a smallest distance measurement to a largest distance measurement, the intercharacter contour distance measurements upon which the intercharacter spacing is based being a fraction of the range beginning with the smallest distance measurement.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim 20 words
The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the fraction consists of all distances no greater than 33% of the largest distance.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 35 words
The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the fraction extends from the smallest distance measurement to an intermediate distance measurement, tile intermediate distance measurement being specified by a filter percentage multiplied by the largest distance measurement.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim 26 words
The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the filter percentage is determined by overlap among interior portions of adjacent characters at a plurality of degrees of superimposition.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim 48 words
The apparatus of claim 4 wherein, at each of a plurality of degrees of superimposition, adjacent characters have an intersection height and an intersection zone, the filter percentage being determined by the ratio of the intersection height to the intersection zone at a plurality of degrees of superimposition.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim 11 words
The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the filter percentage is 0.78.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim 26 words
The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the opposed contour segments have rates of change associated therewith, the filter percentage being determined by the rates of change.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim 23 words
The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising user-responsive means for altering how many intercharacter contour distance measurements the intercharacter spacing is based upon.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim 13 words
The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising user-responsive means for altering the fraction.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim 14 words
The apparatus of claim 4 further comprising user-responsive means for altering the filter percentage.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim 18 words
The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising user-responsive means for altering the final intercharacter spacing in proportion thereto.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim 25 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the intercharacter spacing is set based on a statistical measure of a portion of the intercharacter contour distance measurements.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim 22 words
The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the statistical measure is at least one of standard deviation, mean, first quartile and third quartile.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim 29 words
The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: a. user-responsive means for receiving user selections of characters; and b. means for storing, in the storage means, codes specifying the characters.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim 53 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the initial intercharacter spacing between a pair of adjacent characters, which have an associated font having a font height and a font width, is determined by at least one of (a) a percentage of the font height and (b) a ratio of font height to font width.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim 52 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein one of said characters is larger than the other of said characters, the initial intercharacter spacing between first and second adjacent charactersis being determined by one of (a) the height of an upper-case version of the larger of said characters or (b) a total font height.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim 18 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the initial intercharacter spacing is determined by a vertical character stem width.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim 51 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the initial character spacing value is a touch distance, the touch distance specifying a distance along the axis such that displacement by said distance of one of the characters toward the other along the axis causes the opposed contour segments to touch but not overlap.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim 40 words
The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the filter percentage is adjusted if the adjacent characters (a) have one close point, (b) have two close points, (c) have three close points, or (d) have one close point and an exverted diagonal.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim 73 words
The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the final intercharacter spacing is determined by subtracting the statistical measure from the initial intercharacter spacing to produce a difference, and subtracting the difference from a touch distance to produce a final intercharacter spacing, the touch distance specifying a distance along the axis such that displacement by said distance of one of the characters toward the other along the axis causes the opposed contour segments to touch.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim 95 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the intercharacter measurements comprise a range from a smallest distance measurement to a largest distance measurement and the final intercharacter spacing is adjusted based on at least one of: a. relative sizes of the adjacent characters; b. the font; c. whether the characters comprise serifs; and d. a ratio of (i) a fraction of the range beginning with the smallest distance measurement and ending at an intermediate distance measurement, and (ii) a fraction of the range beginning at the intermediate distance measurement and ending at the largest distance measurement.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim 36 words
The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: a. means for generating output-ready character representations based on the final intercharacter spacing; and b. means for driving an output device to render the characters based on the representations.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim 149 words
A rendering device for outputting characters, the device comprising: a. means for storing specifications of at least two characters to be rendered adjacently along a spacing axis, the specifications including a font associated with each of the characters, each character having an associated interior portion defined by a surrounding contour, adjacent characters having opposed contour segments separated, at an initial intercharacter spacing, along the spacing axis by a plurality of intercharacter contour distance measurements between the opposed contour segments, each intercharacter contour distance measurement being taken in a direction parallel to the spacing axis at a different location along an axis perpendicular to the spacing axis; b. means for analyzing at least some of the intercharacter contour distance measurements and deriving therefrom a final intercharacter spacing between pairs of adjacent characters along the spacing axis; and c. means for outputting the characters in accordance with the final intercharacter spacings.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim 149 words
A rendering device for outputting characters, the device comprising: a. means for storing specifications of at least two characters to be rendered adjacently along a spacing axis, the specifications including a font associated with each of the characters, each character having an associated interior portion defined by a surrounding contour, adjacent characters having opposed contour segments separated, at an initial intercharacter spacing, along the spacing axis by a plurality of intercharacter contour distance measurements between the opposed contour segments, each intercharacter contour distance measurement being taken in a direction parallel to the spacing axis at a different location along an axis perpendicular to the spacing axis; b. means for analyzing at least some of the intercharacter contour distance measurements and deriving therefrom a final intercharacter spacing between pairs of adjacent characters along the spacing axis; and c. means for outputting the characters in accordance with the final intercharacter spacings.
Claim 27
Independent Claim 137 words
A method of setting character placement for rendering on an output device, the method comprising; a. providing specifications of at least two characters to be rendered adjacently along a spacing axis, the specifications including a font associated with each of the characters, each character having an associated interior portion defined by a surrounding contour, adjacent characters having opposed contour segments separated, at an initial intercharacter spacing, along the spacing axis by a plurality of intercharacter contour distance measurements between the opposed contour segments, each intercharacter contour distance measurement being taken in a direction parallel to the spacing axis at a different location along an axis perpendicular to the spacing axis; and b. analyzing at least some of the intercharacter contour distance measurements to derive a final intercharacter spacing between pairs of adjacent characters along the spacing axis.
Claim 28
Independent Claim 137 words
A method of setting character placement for rendering on an output device, the method comprising; a. providing specifications of at least two characters to be rendered adjacently along a spacing axis, the specifications including a font associated with each of the characters, each character having an associated interior portion defined by a surrounding contour, adjacent characters having opposed contour segments separated, at an initial intercharacter spacing, along the spacing axis by a plurality of intercharacter contour distance measurements between the opposed contour segments, each intercharacter contour distance measurement being taken in a direction parallel to the spacing axis at a different location along an axis perpendicular to the spacing axis; and b. analyzing at least some of the intercharacter contour distance measurements to derive a final intercharacter spacing between pairs of adjacent characters along the spacing axis.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim 47 words
The method of claim 25 wherein the intercharacter distance measurements define a range from a smallest distance measurement to a largest distance measurement, the intercharacter contour distance measurements upon which the intercharacter spacing is based being a fraction of the range beginning with the smallest distance measurement.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim 19 words
The method of claim 26 wherein the fraction consists of distances no greater than 33% of the largest distance.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim 35 words
The method of claim 26 wherein the fraction extends from the smallest distance measurement to an intermediate distance measurement, the intermediate distance measurement being specified by a filter percentage multiplied by the largest distance measurement.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim 26 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the filter percentage is determined by overlap among interior portions of adjacent characters at a plurality of degrees of superimposition.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim 11 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the filter percentage is 0.78.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim 26 words
The method of claim 28 wherein the opposed contour segments have rates of change associated therewith, the filter percentage being determined by the rates of change.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim 25 words
The method of claim 25 wherein the intercharacter spacing is set based on a statistical measure of a portion of the intercharacter contour distance measurements.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim 22 words
The method of claim 32 wherein the statistical measure is at least one of standard deviation, mean, first quartile and third quartile.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim 53 words
The method of claim 25 wherein the initial intercharacter spacing between a pair of adjacent characters, which have an associated font having a font height and a font width, is determined by at least one of (a) a percentage of the font height and (b) a ratio of font height to font width.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim 43 words
The method of claim 25 wherein one of said characters is larger than the other of said characters, the initial intercharacter spacing between first and second adjacent charactersis being determined by the height of an upper-case version of the larger of said characters.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim 18 words
The method of claim 25 wherein the initial intercharacter spacing is determined by a vertical character stem width.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim 48 words
The method of claim 25 wherein the initial character spacing value is a touch distance, the touch distance specifying a distance along the axis such that displacement by said distance of one of the characters toward the other along the axis causes the opposed contour segments to touch.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim 43 words
The method of claim 28 further comprising the step of adjusting the filter percentage if the adjacent characters (a) have one close point, (b) have two close points, (c) have three close points, or (d) have one close point and an exverted diagonal.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim 75 words
The method of claim 32 wherein the final intercharacter spacing is determined by steps comprising subtracting the statistical measure from the initial intercharacter spacing to produce a difference, and subtracting the difference from a touch distance to produce a final intercharacter spacing, the touch distance specifying a distance along the axis such that displacement by said distance of one of the characters toward the other along the axis causes the opposed contour segments to touch.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim 96 words
The method of claim 25 wherein the intercharacter distance measurements comprise a range from a smallest distance measurement to a largest distance measurement and the final intercharacter spacing is adjusted based on at least one of: a. relative sizes of the adjacent characters; b. the font; c. whether the characters comprise serifs; and d. a ratio of (i) a fraction of the range beginning with the smallest distance measurement and ending at an intermediate distance measurement, and (ii) a fraction of the range beginning at the intermediate distance measurement and ending at the largest distance measurement.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim 35 words
The method of claim 25 further comprising the steps of: a. generating output-ready character representations based on the final intercharacter spacing; and b. driving an output device to render the characters based on the representations.

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 2001-09-07 2002-03-09 2002-09-08 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 2005-09-07 2006-03-09 2006-09-08 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 2009-09-07 2010-03-09 2010-09-08 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

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