US5748804A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method and apparatus for processing images with symbols with dense edges
Assignee: United Parcel Service of America Inc
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Filing: 1994-08-26
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Granted: 1998-05-05
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Expires: 2014-08-26
Abstract
Abstract A system for locating at least one object within an intensity image is disclosed. The system includes means for analyzing the intensity image with at least two different edge detectors to detect a multiplicity of edges oriented in at least two directional ranges. First comparing means is provided for comparing information representative of detected edges angularly oriented in a first directional range and information representative of detected edges angularly oriented in a second directional range. Means for selecting at least one foreground region in the intensity image is also included. The detected edges in the selected foreground region are angularly oriented substantially in accordance with a target orientation.
Inventors
- 👤 Stefan Surka
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 10:39
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06K; G06K7/00; G06K7/10; G06K7/14; G06K7/1404; G06K7/1439; G06K7/1452; G06V; G06V10/00; G06V10/20; G06V10/24
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 88
Claim 1
Independent Claim
348 words
A method for locating a predetermined pattern represented by a plurality of edges with an intensity image, comprising the steps of: (A) analyzing said intensity image with at least two different two-dimensional edge detectors to detect a multiplicity of edges oriented in at least two different directional ranges and forming a plurality of feature images corresponding to each of said at least two directional ranges, wherein: said step of forming a plurality of feature images further comprises the steps of: forming at least two binary images each of said at least two binary images corresponding to one of said at least two directional ranges: and generating at least two feature images from said at least two binary images; and step (A) further comprises the step of determining magnitude information and a directional range for each of said detected edges and said step of forming said at least two binary images further comprises the steps of: (i) selecting one of said detected edges for processing; (ii) comparing said magnitude information corresponding to said selected edge to a first predetermined threshold and, if said magnitude information exceeds said first predetermined threshold then: (a) selecting one of said at least two directional ranges which includes said directional range of said selected edge; and (b) setting high a binary pixel in a selected binary image, said binary pixel holding a position in said selected binary image corresponding to the position of said selected edge in said intensity image, said selected binary image corresponding to said selected directional range; and (iii) repeating steps (i)-(ii) for each of said detected edges; (B) logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image, wherein said logical comparison is adapted to identify edges in said intensity image that are arranged in accordance with said predetermined pattern; and (C) locating said predetermined pattern in said intensity image by selecting, in response to said comparing step, at least one region from said composite feature image which correspondence to detected edges angularly oriented in accordance with said predetermined pattern.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
348 words
A method for locating a predetermined pattern represented by a plurality of edges with an intensity image, comprising the steps of: (A) analyzing said intensity image with at least two different two-dimensional edge detectors to detect a multiplicity of edges oriented in at least two different directional ranges and forming a plurality of feature images corresponding to each of said at least two directional ranges, wherein: said step of forming a plurality of feature images further comprises the steps of: forming at least two binary images each of said at least two binary images corresponding to one of said at least two directional ranges: and generating at least two feature images from said at least two binary images; and step (A) further comprises the step of determining magnitude information and a directional range for each of said detected edges and said step of forming said at least two binary images further comprises the steps of: (i) selecting one of said detected edges for processing; (ii) comparing said magnitude information corresponding to said selected edge to a first predetermined threshold and, if said magnitude information exceeds said first predetermined threshold then: (a) selecting one of said at least two directional ranges which includes said directional range of said selected edge; and (b) setting high a binary pixel in a selected binary image, said binary pixel holding a position in said selected binary image corresponding to the position of said selected edge in said intensity image, said selected binary image corresponding to said selected directional range; and (iii) repeating steps (i)-(ii) for each of said detected edges; (B) logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image, wherein said logical comparison is adapted to identify edges in said intensity image that are arranged in accordance with said predetermined pattern; and (C) locating said predetermined pattern in said intensity image by selecting, in response to said comparing step, at least one region from said composite feature image which correspondence to detected edges angularly oriented in accordance with said predetermined pattern.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method of claim 1, wherein step (C) further comprises the step of locating at least one region in said intensity image represented by detected edges angularly oriented within at least one and less than all of said at least two directional ranges.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method of claim 2, wherein step (C) further comprises the step of locating at least one region in said intensity image wherein detected edges angularly oriented within a single directional range have a pixel density that exceeds a predetermined density threshold.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 3, wherein two of said at least two directional ranges are partially overlapping.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 2, wherein said at least one region in said intensity image contains a single bar code symbol.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 2, wherein said at least one region in said intensity image contains a stacked bar code symbol.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 1, wherein step (C) comprises the step of selecting at least one region wherein a substantial percentage of detected edges are orthogonal with respect to each other.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 7, wherein said at least one region contains a matrix of squares.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 1, wherein step (C) comprises the step of selecting at least one region wherein a substantial percentage of detected edges are oriented at 60 degrees with respect to each other.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 9, wherein said at least one region contains a matrix of hexagons.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
117 words
The method of claim 1, wherein said step of logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image comprises the steps of: (a) selecting a corresponding pixel from each of said at least two feature images; (b) if no more than two of said selected corresponding pixels are set high, then setting high a pixel in said composite feature image, wherein said pixel set high in said composite feature image corresponds in position to the position of said selected corresponding pixels within each of said at least two feature images; and (c) repeating steps (a)-(b) for all corresponding pixels in said at least two feature images.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
168 words
The method of claim 1, wherein there are provided N feature images, wherein N is greater than or equal to two and said step of logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image comprises the steps of: (a) selecting a corresponding pixel from each of M selected feature images selected from said N feature images to form M selected corresponding pixels, wherein M is greater than or equal to two and less than or equal to N; (b) if at least one of said M selected corresponding pixels is set high and less than all of said M selected corresponding pixels are set high, then setting high a selected pixel in said composite feature image, wherein said selected pixel in said composite feature image corresponds in position to the position of said M corresponding pixels within said M selected feature images; and (c) repeating steps (a)-(b) for all remaining pixels in said M selected feature images.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
119 words
The method of claim 1, wherein there are provided first, second, third and fourth feature images, and said step of logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature images comprises the steps of: (a) for each pixel in said first feature image, performing an exclusive logical OR operation on said pixel and a corresponding pixel in said third feature image; (b) for each pixel in said second feature image, performing an exclusive logical OR operation on said pixel and a corresponding pixel in said fourth feature image; and (c) logically ORing on a pixel-by-pixel basis the results of steps (a) and (b) to form said composite feature image.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
63 words
The method of claim 1, wherein step (C) comprises the steps of: (1) selecting at least one region in said intensity image wherein said detected edges are angularly oriented substantially in accordance with a first target orientation; and (2) selecting at least one region in said intensity image wherein said detected edges are angularly oriented substantially in accordance with a second target orientation.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 14, wherein said first target orientation corresponds to the angular orientation of a one dimensional symbol.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 15, wherein said second target orientation corresponds to the angular orientation of a two dimensional symbol.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method of claim 16, wherein said one dimensional symbol is selected from the group consisting of bar code and stacked bar code symbols and said two dimensional symbol is selected from the group consisting of arrays of squares and arrays of hexagons.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of: (D) extracting image information representative of an object from said intensity image in response to said locating step.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
51 words
The method of claim 18, wherein step (D) comprises the steps of: (1) mapping said at least one region from said composite feature image onto said intensity image to form at least one object region in said intensity image; and (2) extracting pixels representative of said at least one object region.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of: (E) associating said at least one object region with a package.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
58 words
The method of claim 20, wherein step (D) comprises the steps of: (1) determining a contour corresponding to an outline of said package; (2) comparing said contour with said at least one foreground region; and (3) associating said at least one foreground region with said package if said at least one foreground region is positioned within said contour.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
357 words
An apparatus for locating a predetermined pattern represented by a plurality of edges within an intensity image, comprising: (A) means for analyzing said intensity image with at least two different two-dimensional edge detectors to detect a multiplicity of edges oriented in at least two different directional ranges and for forming a plurality of feature images corresponding to each of said at least two directional ranges, wherein: said means for forming a plurality of feature images comprises: (1) means for forming at least two binary images, each of said at least two binary images corresponding to one of said at least two directional ranges: and (2) means for generating at least two feature images from said at least two binary images; and said means for analyzing further comprises means for determining magnitude information and a directional range for each of said detected edges and said means for forming at least two binary images comprises: (i) means for selecting one of said detected images for processing; (ii) second comparing means for comparing said magnitude information corresponding to said selected edge to a first predetermined threshold; (iii) means for selecting one of said at least two directional ranges which includes said directional range of said selected edge if said magnitude information exceeds said first predetermine threshold; and (iv) means for setting high a binary pixel in a selected binary image if said magnitude information exceeds said first predetermined threshold, said binary pixel holding a position in said selected binary image corresponding to the position of said selected edge in said intensity image, said selected binary pixel corresponding to said selected directional range; and (B) means for logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image, wherein said logical comparison is adapted to identify edges in said intensity image that are arranged in accordance with said predetermined pattern; and (C) means for locating said predetermined pattern in said intensity image by selecting, in response to said comparing step, at least one region from said composite feature image which corresponds to detected edges angularly oriented in accordance with said predetermined pattern.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
357 words
An apparatus for locating a predetermined pattern represented by a plurality of edges within an intensity image, comprising: (A) means for analyzing said intensity image with at least two different two-dimensional edge detectors to detect a multiplicity of edges oriented in at least two different directional ranges and for forming a plurality of feature images corresponding to each of said at least two directional ranges, wherein: said means for forming a plurality of feature images comprises: (1) means for forming at least two binary images, each of said at least two binary images corresponding to one of said at least two directional ranges: and (2) means for generating at least two feature images from said at least two binary images; and said means for analyzing further comprises means for determining magnitude information and a directional range for each of said detected edges and said means for forming at least two binary images comprises: (i) means for selecting one of said detected images for processing; (ii) second comparing means for comparing said magnitude information corresponding to said selected edge to a first predetermined threshold; (iii) means for selecting one of said at least two directional ranges which includes said directional range of said selected edge if said magnitude information exceeds said first predetermine threshold; and (iv) means for setting high a binary pixel in a selected binary image if said magnitude information exceeds said first predetermined threshold, said binary pixel holding a position in said selected binary image corresponding to the position of said selected edge in said intensity image, said selected binary pixel corresponding to said selected directional range; and (B) means for logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image, wherein said logical comparison is adapted to identify edges in said intensity image that are arranged in accordance with said predetermined pattern; and (C) means for locating said predetermined pattern in said intensity image by selecting, in response to said comparing step, at least one region from said composite feature image which corresponds to detected edges angularly oriented in accordance with said predetermined pattern.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
42 words
The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said locating means includes means for locating at least one region in said intensity image represented by detected edges angularly oriented within at least one and less than all of said at least two directional ranges.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
42 words
The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said locating means further comprises means for locating at least one region in said intensity image wherein detected edges angularly oriented within a single directional range have a pixel density that exceeds a predetermined density threshold.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 24, wherein two of said at least two directional ranges are overlapping.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said at least one region in said intensity image contains a single bar code symbol.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said at least one region in said intensity image contains a stacked bar code symbol.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
32 words
The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said means for locating includes means for selecting at least one region wherein a substantial percentage of detected edges are orthogonal with respect to each other.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 28, wherein said at least one region contains a matrix of squares.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
35 words
The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said means for locating includes means for selecting at least one region wherein a substantial percentage of detected edges are oriented at 60 degrees with respect to each other.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 30, wherein said at least one region contains a matrix of hexagons.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
102 words
The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said means for logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image comprises: (a) means for selecting a corresponding pixel from each of said at least two feature images; and (b) means for setting high a pixel in said composite feature image if no more than two of said selected corresponding pixels are set high, wherein said pixel set high in said composite feature image corresponds in position to the position of said selected corresponding pixels within each of said at least two feature images.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
154 words
The apparatus of claim 22, wherein there are provided N feature images, wherein N is greater than or equal to two and said means for logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image comprises: (a) means for selecting a corresponding pixel from each of M selected feature images selected from said N feature images to form M selected corresponding pixels, wherein M is greater than or equal to two and less than or equal to N; and (b) means for setting high a selected pixel in said composite feature image if at least one of said M selected corresponding pixels is set high and less than all of said M selected corresponding pixels are set high, wherein said selected pixel in said composite feature image corresponds in position to the position of said M corresponding pixels within said M selected feature images.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
122 words
The apparatus of claim 22, wherein there are provided first, second, third and fourth feature images, and said means for logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image comprises: (a) first ORing means for performing an exclusive logical OR operation on a pixel in said first feature image and a corresponding pixel in said third feature image; (b) second ORing means for performing an exclusive logical OR operation on a pixel in said second feature image and a corresponding pixel in said fourth feature image; and (c) means for logically ORing on a pixel-by-pixel basis the results of said first and second ORing means to form said composite feature image.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
60 words
The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said means for locating comprises: (1) first means for selecting at least one region wherein said detected edges are angularly oriented substantially in accordance with a first target orientation; and (2) second means for selecting at least one region wherein said detected edges are angularly oriented substantially in accordance with a second target orientation.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus of claim 35, wherein said first target orientation corresponds to the angular orientation of a one dimensional symbol.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus of claim 36, wherein said second target orientation corresponds to the angular orientation of a two dimensional symbol.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
43 words
The apparatus of claim 37, wherein said one dimensional symbol is selected from the group consisting of bar code and stacked bar code symbols and said two dimensional symbol is selected from the group consisting of arrays of squares and arrays of hexagons.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
26 words
The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising: (D) means, responsive to said locating means, for extracting image information representative of an object from said intensity image.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
54 words
The apparatus of claim 39, wherein said means for extracting comprises: (1) means for mapping said at least one region from said composite feature image onto said intensity image to form at least one object region in said intensity image; and (2) means for extracting pixels representative of said at least one object region.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus of claim 40, further comprising: (E) means for associating said at least one object region with a package.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
63 words
The apparatus of claim 41, wherein said means for associating comprises: (1) means for determining a contour corresponding to an outline of said package; (2) means for comparing said contour with said at least one foreground region; and (3) means for associating said at least one foreground region with said package if said at least one foreground region is positioned within said contour.
Claim 45
Independent Claim
366 words
A method for locating a predetermined pattern represented by a plurality of edges with an intensity image, comprising the steps of: (A) analyzing said intensity image with at least two different two-dimensional edge detectors to detect a multiplicity of edges oriented in at least two different directional ranges and forming a plurality of feature images corresponding to each of said at least two directional ranges, wherein said step of forming a plurality of feature images further comprises the steps of: (1) forming at least two binary images, each of said at least two binary images corresponding to one of said at least two directional ranges; and (2) generating at least two feature images from said at least two binary images; (B) logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image, wherein said logical comparison is adapted to identify edges in said intensity image that are arranged in accordance with said predetermined pattern; and (C) locating said predetermined pattern in said intensity image by selecting, in response to said comparing step, at least one region from said composite feature image which correspondence to detected edges angularly oriented in accordance with said predetermined pattern; wherein there are provided N feature images, wherein N is greater than or equal to two and said step of logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image comprises the steps of: (a) selecting a corresponding pixel from each of M selected feature images selected from said N feature images to form M selected corresponding pixels, wherein M is greater than or equal to two and less than or equal to N; (b) if at least one of said M selected corresponding pixels is set high and less than all of said M selected corresponding pixels are set high, then setting high a selected pixel in said composite feature image, wherein said selected pixel in said composite feature image corresponds in position to the position of said M corresponding pixels within said M selected feature images; and (c) repeating steps (a)-(b) for all remaining pixels in said M selected feature images.
Claim 46
Independent Claim
366 words
A method for locating a predetermined pattern represented by a plurality of edges with an intensity image, comprising the steps of: (A) analyzing said intensity image with at least two different two-dimensional edge detectors to detect a multiplicity of edges oriented in at least two different directional ranges and forming a plurality of feature images corresponding to each of said at least two directional ranges, wherein said step of forming a plurality of feature images further comprises the steps of: (1) forming at least two binary images, each of said at least two binary images corresponding to one of said at least two directional ranges; and (2) generating at least two feature images from said at least two binary images; (B) logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image, wherein said logical comparison is adapted to identify edges in said intensity image that are arranged in accordance with said predetermined pattern; and (C) locating said predetermined pattern in said intensity image by selecting, in response to said comparing step, at least one region from said composite feature image which correspondence to detected edges angularly oriented in accordance with said predetermined pattern; wherein there are provided N feature images, wherein N is greater than or equal to two and said step of logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image comprises the steps of: (a) selecting a corresponding pixel from each of M selected feature images selected from said N feature images to form M selected corresponding pixels, wherein M is greater than or equal to two and less than or equal to N; (b) if at least one of said M selected corresponding pixels is set high and less than all of said M selected corresponding pixels are set high, then setting high a selected pixel in said composite feature image, wherein said selected pixel in said composite feature image corresponds in position to the position of said M corresponding pixels within said M selected feature images; and (c) repeating steps (a)-(b) for all remaining pixels in said M selected feature images.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method of claim 43, wherein step (C) further comprises the step of locating at least one region in said intensity image represented by detected edges angularly oriented within at least one and less than all of said at least two directional ranges.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method of claim 44, wherein step (C) further comprises the step of locating at least one region in said intensity image wherein detected edges angularly oriented within a single directional range have a pixel density that exceeds a predetermined density threshold.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 45, wherein two of said at least two directional ranges are partially overlapping.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 44, wherein said at least one region in said intensity image contains a single bar code symbol.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 44, wherein said at least one region in said intensity image contains a stacked bar code symbol.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
151 words
The method of claim 43, wherein step (A) further comprises the step of determining magnitude information and a directional range for each of said detected edges and said step of forming said at least two binary images further comprises the steps of: (i) selecting one of said detected edges for processing; (ii) comparing said magnitude information corresponding to said selected edge to a first predetermined threshold and, if said magnitude information exceeds said first predetermined threshold then: (a) selecting one of said at least two directional ranges which includes said directional range of said selected edge; (b) setting high a binary pixel in a selected binary image, said binary pixel holding a position in said selected binary image corresponding to the position of said selected edge in said intensity image, said selected binary image corresponding to said selected directional range; and (iii) repeating steps (i)-(ii) for each of said detected edges.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 43, further comprising the step of: (D) extracting image information representative of an object from said intensity image in response to said locating step.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
51 words
The method of claim 50, wherein step (D) comprises the steps of: (1) mapping said at least one region from said composite feature image onto said intensity image to form at least one object region in said intensity image; and (2) extracting pixels representative of said at least one object region.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 51, further comprising the step of: (E) associating said at least one object region with a package.
Claim 56
Independent Claim
317 words
A method for locating a predetermined pattern represented by a plurality of edges with an intensity image, comprising the steps of: (A) analyzing said intensity image with at least two different two-dimensional edge detectors to detect a multiplicity of edges oriented in at least two different directional ranges and forming a plurality of feature images corresponding to each of said at least two directional ranges, wherein said step of forming a plurality of feature images further comprises the steps of: (1) forming at least two binary images, each of said at least two binary images corresponding to one of said at least two directional ranges; and (2) generating at least two feature images from said at least two binary images; (B) logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image, wherein said logical comparison is adapted to identify edges in said intensity image that are arranged in accordance with said predetermined pattern; and (C) locating said predetermined pattern in said intensity image by selecting, in response to said comparing step, at least one region from said composite feature image which correspondence to detected edges angularly oriented in accordance with said predetermined pattern; wherein there are provided first, second, third and fourth feature images, and said step of logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature images comprises the steps of: (a) for each pixel in said first feature image, performing an exclusive logical OR operation on said pixel and a corresponding pixel in said third feature image; (b) for each pixel in said second feature image, performing an exclusive logical OR operation on said pixel and a corresponding pixel in said fourth feature image; and (c) logically ORing on a pixel-by-pixel basis the results of steps (a) and (b) to form said composite feature image.
Claim 57
Independent Claim
317 words
A method for locating a predetermined pattern represented by a plurality of edges with an intensity image, comprising the steps of: (A) analyzing said intensity image with at least two different two-dimensional edge detectors to detect a multiplicity of edges oriented in at least two different directional ranges and forming a plurality of feature images corresponding to each of said at least two directional ranges, wherein said step of forming a plurality of feature images further comprises the steps of: (1) forming at least two binary images, each of said at least two binary images corresponding to one of said at least two directional ranges; and (2) generating at least two feature images from said at least two binary images; (B) logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image, wherein said logical comparison is adapted to identify edges in said intensity image that are arranged in accordance with said predetermined pattern; and (C) locating said predetermined pattern in said intensity image by selecting, in response to said comparing step, at least one region from said composite feature image which correspondence to detected edges angularly oriented in accordance with said predetermined pattern; wherein there are provided first, second, third and fourth feature images, and said step of logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature images comprises the steps of: (a) for each pixel in said first feature image, performing an exclusive logical OR operation on said pixel and a corresponding pixel in said third feature image; (b) for each pixel in said second feature image, performing an exclusive logical OR operation on said pixel and a corresponding pixel in said fourth feature image; and (c) logically ORing on a pixel-by-pixel basis the results of steps (a) and (b) to form said composite feature image.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method of claim 53, wherein step (C) further comprises the step of locating at least one region in said intensity image represented by detected edges angularly oriented within at least one and less than all of said at least two directional ranges.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method of claim 54, wherein step (C) further comprises the step of locating at least one region in said intensity image wherein detected edges angularly oriented within a single directional range have a pixel density that exceeds a predetermined density threshold.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 55, wherein two of said at least two directional ranges are partially overlapping.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 54, wherein said at least one region in said intensity image contains a single bar code symbol.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 54, wherein said at least one region in said intensity image contains a stacked bar code symbol.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
151 words
The method of claim 53, wherein step (A) further comprises the step of determining magnitude information and a directional range for each of said detected edges and said step of forming said at least two binary images further comprises the steps of: (i) selecting one of said detected edges for processing; (ii) comparing said magnitude information corresponding to said selected edge to a first predetermined threshold and, if said magnitude information exceeds said first predetermined threshold then: (a) selecting one of said at least two directional ranges which includes said directional range of said selected edge; (b) setting high a binary pixel in a selected binary image, said binary pixel holding a position in said selected binary image corresponding to the position of said selected edge in said intensity image, said selected binary image corresponding to said selected directional range; and (iii) repeating steps (i)-(ii) for each of said detected edges.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 53, further comprising the step of: (D) extracting image information representative of an object from said intensity image in response to said locating step.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
51 words
The method of claim 60, wherein step (D) comprises the steps of: (1) mapping said at least one region from said composite feature image onto said intensity image to form at least one object region in said intensity image; and (2) extracting pixels representative of said at least one object region.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 61, further comprising the step of: (E) associating said at least one object region with a package.
Claim 67
Independent Claim
357 words
An apparatus for locating a predetermined pattern represented by a plurality of edges within an intensity image, comprising: (A) means for analyzing said intensity image with at least two different two-dimensional edge detectors to detect a multiplicity of edges oriented in at least two different directional ranges and for forming a plurality of feature images corresponding to each of said at least two directional ranges; wherein said means for forming a plurality of feature images comprises: (1) means for forming at least two binary images, each of said at least two binary images corresponding to one of said at least two directional ranges; and (2) means for generating at least two feature images from said at least two binary images; and wherein there are provided N feature images, wherein N is greater than or equal to two and said means for logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image comprises: (a) means for selecting a corresponding pixel from each of M selected feature images selected from said N feature images to form M selected corresponding pixels, wherein M is greater than or equal to two and less than or equal to N; and (b) means for setting high a selected pixel in said composite feature image if at least one of said M selected corresponding pixels is set high and less than all of said M selected corresponding pixels are set high, wherein said selected pixel in said composite feature image corresponds in position to the position of said M corresponding pixels within said M selected feature images; (B) means for logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image, wherein said logical comparison is adapted to identify edges in said intensity image that are arranged in accordance with said predetermined pattern; and (C) means for locating said predetermined pattern in said intensity image by selecting, in response to said comparing step, at least one region from said composite feature image which corresponds to detected edges angularly oriented in accordance with said predetermined pattern.
Claim 68
Independent Claim
357 words
An apparatus for locating a predetermined pattern represented by a plurality of edges within an intensity image, comprising: (A) means for analyzing said intensity image with at least two different two-dimensional edge detectors to detect a multiplicity of edges oriented in at least two different directional ranges and for forming a plurality of feature images corresponding to each of said at least two directional ranges; wherein said means for forming a plurality of feature images comprises: (1) means for forming at least two binary images, each of said at least two binary images corresponding to one of said at least two directional ranges; and (2) means for generating at least two feature images from said at least two binary images; and wherein there are provided N feature images, wherein N is greater than or equal to two and said means for logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image comprises: (a) means for selecting a corresponding pixel from each of M selected feature images selected from said N feature images to form M selected corresponding pixels, wherein M is greater than or equal to two and less than or equal to N; and (b) means for setting high a selected pixel in said composite feature image if at least one of said M selected corresponding pixels is set high and less than all of said M selected corresponding pixels are set high, wherein said selected pixel in said composite feature image corresponds in position to the position of said M corresponding pixels within said M selected feature images; (B) means for logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image, wherein said logical comparison is adapted to identify edges in said intensity image that are arranged in accordance with said predetermined pattern; and (C) means for locating said predetermined pattern in said intensity image by selecting, in response to said comparing step, at least one region from said composite feature image which corresponds to detected edges angularly oriented in accordance with said predetermined pattern.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
42 words
The apparatus of claim 63, wherein said locating means includes means for locating at least one region in said intensity image represented by detected edges angularly oriented within at least one and less than all of said at least two directional ranges.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
42 words
The apparatus of claim 64, wherein said locating means further comprises means for locating at least one region in said intensity image wherein detected edges angularly oriented within a single directional range have a pixel density that exceeds a predetermined density threshold.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 65, wherein two of said at least two directional ranges are overlapping.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 64, wherein said at least one region in said intensity image contains a single bar code symbol.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 64, wherein said at least one region in said intensity image contains a stacked bar code symbol.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
154 words
The apparatus of claim 63, wherein said means for analyzing further comprises means for determining magnitude information and a directional range for each of said detected edges and said means for forming at least two binary images comprises: (i) means for selecting one of said detected images for processing; (ii) second comparing means for comparing said magnitude information corresponding to said selected edge to a first predetermined threshold; (iii) means for selecting one of said at least two directional ranges which includes said directional range of said selected edge if said magnitude information exceeds said first predetermine threshold; and (iv) means for setting high a binary pixel in a selected binary image if said magnitude information exceeds said first predetermined threshold, said binary pixel holding a position in said selected binary image corresponding to the position of said selected edge in said intensity image, said selected binary pixel corresponding to said selected directional range.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
26 words
The apparatus of claim 63, further comprising: (D) means, responsive to said locating means, for extracting image information representative of an object from said intensity image.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
54 words
The apparatus of claim 70, wherein said means for extracting comprises: (1) means for mapping said at least one region from said composite feature image onto said intensity image to form at least one object region in said intensity image; and (2) means for extracting pixels representative of said at least one object region.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus of claim 71, further comprising: (E) means for associating said at least one object region with a package.
Claim 78
Independent Claim
325 words
An apparatus for locating a predetermined pattern represented by a plurality of edges within an intensity image, comprising: (A) means for analyzing said intensity image with at least two different two-dimensional edge detectors to detect a multiplicity of edges oriented in at least two different directional ranges and for forming a plurality of feature images corresponding to each of said at least two directional ranges; wherein said means for forming a plurality of feature images comprises: (1) means for forming at least two binary images, each of said at least two binary images corresponding to one of said at least two directional ranges; and (2) means for generating at least two feature images from said at least two binary images; and wherein there are provided first, second, third and fourth feature images, and said means for logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image comprises: (a) first ORing means for performing an exclusive logical OR operation on a pixel in said first feature image and a corresponding pixel in said third feature image; (b) second ORing means for performing an exclusive logical OR operation on a pixel in said second feature image and a corresponding pixel in said fourth feature image; and (c) means for logically ORing on a pixel-by-pixel basis the results of said first and second ORing means to form said composite feature image; (B) means for logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image, wherein said logical comparison is adapted to identify edges in said intensity image that are arranged in accordance with said predetermined pattern; and (C) means for locating said predetermined pattern in said intensity image by selecting, in response to said comparing step, at least one region from said composite feature image which corresponds to detected edges angularly oriented in accordance with said predetermined pattern.
Claim 79
Independent Claim
325 words
An apparatus for locating a predetermined pattern represented by a plurality of edges within an intensity image, comprising: (A) means for analyzing said intensity image with at least two different two-dimensional edge detectors to detect a multiplicity of edges oriented in at least two different directional ranges and for forming a plurality of feature images corresponding to each of said at least two directional ranges; wherein said means for forming a plurality of feature images comprises: (1) means for forming at least two binary images, each of said at least two binary images corresponding to one of said at least two directional ranges; and (2) means for generating at least two feature images from said at least two binary images; and wherein there are provided first, second, third and fourth feature images, and said means for logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image comprises: (a) first ORing means for performing an exclusive logical OR operation on a pixel in said first feature image and a corresponding pixel in said third feature image; (b) second ORing means for performing an exclusive logical OR operation on a pixel in said second feature image and a corresponding pixel in said fourth feature image; and (c) means for logically ORing on a pixel-by-pixel basis the results of said first and second ORing means to form said composite feature image; (B) means for logically comparing on a pixel-by-pixel basis corresponding pixels from said plurality of feature images to form a composite feature image, wherein said logical comparison is adapted to identify edges in said intensity image that are arranged in accordance with said predetermined pattern; and (C) means for locating said predetermined pattern in said intensity image by selecting, in response to said comparing step, at least one region from said composite feature image which corresponds to detected edges angularly oriented in accordance with said predetermined pattern.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
42 words
The apparatus of claim 73, wherein said locating means includes means for locating at least one region in said intensity image represented by detected edges angularly oriented within at least one and less than all of said at least two directional ranges.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
42 words
The apparatus of claim 74, wherein said locating means further comprises means for locating at least one region in said intensity image wherein detected edges angularly oriented within a single directional range have a pixel density that exceeds a predetermined density threshold.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 75, wherein two of said at least two directional ranges are overlapping.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 74, wherein said at least one region in said intensity image contains a single bar code symbol.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 74, wherein said at least one region in said intensity image contains a stacked bar code symbol.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
154 words
The apparatus of claim 73, wherein said means for analyzing further comprises means for determining magnitude information and a directional range for each of said detected edges and said means for forming at least two binary images comprises: (i) means for selecting one of said detected images for processing; (ii) second comparing means for comparing said magnitude information corresponding to said selected edge to a first predetermined threshold; (iii) means for selecting one of said at least two directional ranges which includes said directional range of said selected edge if said magnitude information exceeds said first predetermine threshold; and (iv) means for setting high a binary pixel in a selected binary image if said magnitude information exceeds said first predetermined threshold, said binary pixel holding a position in said selected binary image corresponding to the position of said selected edge in said intensity image, said selected binary pixel corresponding to said selected directional range.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
26 words
The apparatus of claim 73, further comprising: (D) means, responsive to said locating means, for extracting image information representative of an object from said intensity image.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
54 words
The apparatus of claim 80, wherein said means for extracting comprises: (1) means for mapping said at least one region from said composite feature image onto said intensity image to form at least one object region in said intensity image; and (2) means for extracting pixels representative of said at least one object region.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus of claim 81, further comprising: (E) means for associating said at least one object region with a package.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2001-05-04 | 2001-11-03 | 2002-05-05 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2005-05-04 | 2005-11-03 | 2006-05-05 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2009-05-04 | 2009-11-03 | 2010-05-05 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |