Multi-layer fuel and vapor tube

Claim 2

A layered tubing for use in a motor vehicle, the tubing comprising: a flexible outer layer having a given thickness and an inner and an outer face, the outer layer consisting essentially of an extrudable thermoplastic composed of polyamides and thermoplastic elastomers selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic vulcanates and melt processible rubbers; an intermediate bonding layer bonded to the inner face of the outer layer, the intermediate bonding layer consisting essentially of an extrudable melt processible thermoplastic capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion to the inner face of the outer layer; an interior layer bonded to the intermediate bonding layer, the interior layer consisting essentially of an extrudable, melt-processible thermoplastic material capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion with the intermediate bonding layer, the melt-processible thermoplastic of the interior layer being chemically dissimilar to the thermoplastic employed in the outer layer and containing at least one fluoroplastic component, the melt-processible thermoplastic of the interior layer being resistant to permeation by and interaction with short-chain aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds; and an innermost electrostatic dissipation layer integrally bonded to the interior layer, the electrostatic dissipation layer consisting of an extrudable, melt-processible thermoplastic material capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion with the intermediate bonding layer and of dissipating electrostatic energy, the electrostatic dissipation capacity being in a range between about 10 4 to 10 9 ohm/cm 2 .

Claim 3

The layered tubing of claim 1 wherein the flexible outer layer consists essentially of a material selected from the group consisting of polyamides and thermoplastic elastomers selected from the group consisting of alloys of rubber and polyvinyl chloride, alloys of rubber and polyolefins and mixtures thereof.

Claim 4

The layered tubing of claim 2 wherein the thermoplastic elastomer has an ability to withstand impacts of at least 2 foot pounds at temperatures below about -20° C.

Claim 5

The layered tubing of claim 3 wherein the thermoplastic elastomer has an elongation value of 150% at 23° C.

Claim 6

The layered tubing of claim 2 wherein the interior layer is a composed of thermoplastic material consisting essentially of a fluoroplastic material selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidine fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 7

The layered tubing of claim 5 wherein the fluoroplastic material further consists of copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethane copolymerized with polyvinylidine fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethane copolymerized with polyvinyl fluoride, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 8

The layered tubing of claim 5 wherein the interior layer has a thickness between about 10% and about 20% of the thick outer layer.

Claim 9

The layered tubing of claim 2 wherein the innermost electrostatic dissipation layer consists of a thermoplastic material which is chemically dissimilar to the thick outer layer.

Claim 10

The layered tubing of claim 8 wherein the innermost electrostatic dissipation layer is composed of a thermoplastic material consisting essentially of: a copolymer of a vinyl fluoride and chlorotrotrifluoroethylene, the vinyl fluoride material selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidine fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, and mixtures thereof; a copolymer of a vinyl fluoride material and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene; and a non-fluorinated elastomer comprising polyurethane.

Claim 11

The layered tubing of claim 9 wherein the electrostatic dissipation layer consists essentially of: between about 10% and about 18% by weight of a vinylidine fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, the copolymer having between about 40% and 60% by weight vinylidine fluoride; between about 50% and about 70% by weight of a vinylidine fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, the copolymer having between about 40% and about 60% by weight vinylidine fluoride; and between about 10% and about 25% by weight polyurethane.

Claim 12

The layered tubing of claim 9 wherein the conductive material is selected from a group consisting of elemental carbon, copper, silver, gold, nickel, silicon, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 13

The layered tubing of claim 9 wherein the conductive material is present in an amount less than about 5% by volume of the electrostatic dissipation layer thermoplastic material.

Claim 14

The layered tubing of claim 9 wherein the conductive material is interstitially integrated into the electrostatic dissipation layer thermoplastic material.

Claim 15

The layered tubing of claim 8 wherein the innermost electrostatic dissipation layer has a thickness between about 10% and about 20% of the outer layer.

Claim 16

The layered tubing of claim 14 wherein the innermost electrostatic dissipation layer further contains quantities of a conductive material sufficient to provide electrostatic dissipation capability in a range between about 10 4 and about 10 9 ohm/cm 2 .

Claim 17

The layered tubing of claim 2 wherein the intermediate bonding layer is a thermoplastic material consisting essentially of: a thermoplastic elastomeric compound selected from the group consisting of alloys of rubber and polyvinyl chloride, alloys of rubber and polyolefins, and mixtures thereof; and a fluoropolymer compound selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidine fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethane copolymerized with polyvinylidine fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethane copolymerized with polyvinyl fluoride, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 18

The layered tubing of claim 16 wherein the thermoplastic elastomeric compound is a thermoplastic vulcanate present in an amount between about 30% and 70% by volume of the thermoplastic material.

Claim 19

The tubing of claim 1 further comprising an exterior jacket overlying the outer tubing, the exterior jacket composed of a material consisting essentially of a thermoplastic material selected from the group consisting of Nylon 11, Nylon 12, zinc chloride resistant Nylon 6, polypropylene, thermoplastic elastomers and mixtures thereof.

Claim 20

A layered tubing for use in a motor vehicle, the tubing comprising: a flexible outer layer having a given thickness and an inner and an outer face, the outer layer consisting essentially of an extrudable thermoplastic elastomer selected from the group consisting of alloys of rubber and polyolefin, alloys of rubber and polyvinyl chloride, and mixtures thereof; an intermediate bonding layer bonded to the inner face of the thick outer layer, the intermediate bonding layer consisting essentially of an extrudable thermoplastic capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion to the outer layer; an interior layer bonded to the intermediate bonding layer, the interior layer consisting essentially of an extrudable, melt-processible thermoplastic material capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion with the intermediate bonding layer, the melt-processible thermoplastic resistant to permeation by and interaction with short-chain aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, the melt-processible thermoplastic selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidine fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethane copolymerized with polyvinylidine fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethane copolymerized with polyvinyl fluoride, and mixtures thereof; and an innermost electrostatic dissipation layer integrally bonded to the interior layer, the electrostatic discharge layer consisting essentially of an extrudable, melt-processible thermoplastic material capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion with the intermediate bonding layer and of dissipating electrostatic energy, the electrostatic dissipation capacity being in a range between about 10 4 and about 10 9 ohm/cm 2 , the melt-processible thermoplastic consisting essentially of: between about 10% and about 18% by weight of a vinylidine fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, the copolymer having between about 40% and 60% by weight vinylidine fluoride; between about 50% and about 70% by weight of a vinylidine fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, the copolymer having between about 40% and about 60% by weight vinylidine fluoride; and between about 10% and about 25% by weight polyurethane.

Claim 21

A layered tubing for use in a motor vehicle, the tubing comprising: a flexible outer layer having a given thickness and an inner and an outer face, the outer layer consisting essentially of an extrudable thermoplastic elastomer selected from the group consisting of alloys of rubber and polyolefin, alloys of rubber and polyvinyl chloride, and mixtures thereof; an intermediate bonding layer bonded to the inner face of the thick outer layer, the intermediate bonding layer consisting essentially of an extrudable thermoplastic capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion to the outer layer; an interior layer bonded to the intermediate bonding layer, the interior layer consisting essentially of an extrudable, melt-processible thermoplastic material capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion with the intermediate bonding layer, the melt-processible thermoplastic resistant to permeation by and interaction with short-chain aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, the melt-processible thermoplastic selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidine fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethane copolymerized with polyvinylidine fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethane copolymerized with polyvinyl fluoride, and mixtures thereof; and an innermost electrostatic dissipation layer integrally bonded to the interior layer, the electrostatic discharge layer consisting essentially of an extrudable, melt-processible thermoplastic material capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion with the intermediate bonding layer and of dissipating electrostatic energy, the electrostatic dissipation capacity being in a range between about 10 4 and about 10 9 ohm/cm 2 , the melt-processible thermoplastic consisting essentially of: between about 10% and about 18% by weight of a vinylidine fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, the copolymer having between about 40% and 60% by weight vinylidine fluoride; between about 50% and about 70% by weight of a vinylidine fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, the copolymer having between about 40% and about 60% by weight vinylidine fluoride; and between about 10% and about 25% by weight polyurethane.

Claim 22

The layered tubing of claim 19 wherein the intermediate bonding layer consists essentially of: a thermoplastic elastomer selected from the group consisting of alloys of rubber and polyvinyl chloride, alloys of rubber and polyolefins, and mixtures thereof; and a fluoroplastic selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidine fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethane copolymerized with polyvinylidine fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethane copolymerized with polyvinyl fluoride, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 23

The layered tubing of claim 19 wherein the intermediate bonding layer has a thickness between about 0.05 mm and about 0.1 mm, the interior layer has a thickness between about 0.05 mm and about 0.15 mm and the innermost electrostatic dissipation layer has a thickness between about 0.1 mm and about 0.2 mm.

Claim 24

A layered tubing for use in a motor vehicle, the tubing comprising: a flexible outer layer having a given thickness and an inner and outer face, the outer layer consisting of an extrudable melt-processible thermoplastic; an intermediate bonding layer bonded to the inner face of the outer layer, the intermediate bonding layer consisting essentially of an extrudable melt-processible thermoplastic capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion to the inner face of the outer layer, the melt-processible thermoplastic selected from the group consisting of: a) a thermoplastic elastomeric compound selected from the group consisting of alloys of rubber and polyvinyl chloride, alloys of rubber and polyolefins, and mixtures thereof; and b) a fluoropolymer compound selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidine fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymerized with polyvinylidine fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymerized with polyvinyl fluoride, and mixtures thereof; an interior layer bonded to the intermediate bonding layer, the interior layer consisting essentially of an extrudable thermoplastic capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion with the intermediate bonding layer, the melt-processible thermoplastic of the interior layer being chemically dissimilar to the thermoplastic employed in the outer layer, the melt-processible thermoplastic of the interior layer being resistant to permeation by and interaction with short-chain aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds; and an innermost electrostatic dissipation layer integrally bonded to the interior layer, the electrostatic dissipation layer consisting of an extrudable, melt-processible thermoplastic material capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion with the intermediate bonding layer and of dissipating sufficient electrostatic energy to prevent build-up of electrostatic charge.

Claim 25

A layered tubing for use in a motor vehicle, the tubing comprising: a flexible outer layer having a given thickness and an inner and outer face, the outer layer consisting of an extrudable melt-processible thermoplastic; an intermediate bonding layer bonded to the inner face of the outer layer, the intermediate bonding layer consisting essentially of an extrudable melt-processible thermoplastic capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion to the inner face of the outer layer, the melt-processible thermoplastic selected from the group consisting of: a) a thermoplastic elastomeric compound selected from the group consisting of alloys of rubber and polyvinyl chloride, alloys of rubber and polyolefins, and mixtures thereof; and b) a fluoropolymer compound selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidine fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymerized with polyvinylidine fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymerized with polyvinyl fluoride, and mixtures thereof; an interior layer bonded to the intermediate bonding layer, the interior layer consisting essentially of an extrudable thermoplastic capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion with the intermediate bonding layer, the melt-processible thermoplastic of the interior layer being chemically dissimilar to the thermoplastic employed in the outer layer, the melt-processible thermoplastic of the interior layer being resistant to permeation by and interaction with short-chain aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds; and an innermost electrostatic dissipation layer integrally bonded to the interior layer, the electrostatic dissipation layer consisting of an extrudable, melt-processible thermoplastic material capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion with the intermediate bonding layer and of dissipating sufficient electrostatic energy to prevent build-up of electrostatic charge.

Claim 26

The layered tubing of claim 22 wherein the flexible outer layer consists essentially of an extrudable thermoplastic elastomer selected from the group consisting of alloys of rubber and polyvinyl chloride, alloys of rubber and polyolefins, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 27

The layered tubing of claim 22 wherein the interior layer is composed of a thermoplastic material consisting essentially of a fluoroplastic material selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidine fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 28

The layered tubing of claim 24 wherein the fluoroplastic material further consists of copolymers vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymerized with polyvinylidine fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine fluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymerized with polyvinyl fluoride and mixtures thereof.

Claim 29

The layered tubing of claim 22 wherein the innermost electrostatic dissipation layer is composed of a thermoplastic material consisting essentially of: between about 10% and about 18% by weight of a vinylidine fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, the copolymer having between about 40% and 60% by weight vinylidine fluoride; between about 50% and about 70% by weight of a vinylidine fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, the copolymer having between about 40% and about 60% by weight vinylidine fluoride; between about 10% and about 25% by weight polyurethane; and less than about 5% by volume of a conductive material selected from the group consisting of elemental carbon, copper, silver, gold, nickel, silicon, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 30

The layered tubing of claim 22 wherein the innermost electrostatic dissipation layer contains conductive material selected from the group consisting of elemental carbon, copper, silver, gold, nickel, silicon, and mixtures thereof, the conductive material present in an amount less than about 5% by volume.

Claim 31

The layered tubing of claim 22 wherein the thermoplastic elastomeric compound of the thermoplastic material in the intermediate bonding layer is present in an amount between about 30% and 70% by volume of the thermoplastic material.