US5614901A
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US
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Method and apparatus for providing data stream for cost effective transmission links
Assignee: International Business Machines Corp
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Filing: 1996-06-21
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Granted: 1997-03-25
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Expires: 2016-06-21
Abstract
Abstract A system and method for encoding and decoding binary data for serial transmission over a physical medium provides a highly efficient and less complex coding scheme while guaranteeing clocking information and guaranteeing an NRZ(I)-disparity of no greater than one per five-bit word. The system and method of the present invention comprise a 4/5 encoder which enables each nibble to be encoded and decoded independently from one another. The Coding system and method of the present invention guarantees an NRZ(I)-disparity having a magnitude of no greater than one for any word after NRZ(I) while providing at least one word with "NRZ(I) comma" property.
Inventors
- 👤 Lee C. Haas
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 04:56
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04L; H04L25/00; H04L25/38; H04L25/40; H04L25/49; H04L25/4904
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 58
Claim 1
Independent Claim
93 words
A method of converting from a first code set to a second code set comprising the steps of: grouping said first code set into groups of n bits; and converting each group of n bits into a corresponding group of n+a bits, wherein each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a options, wherein each selected group of n+a bits has the characteristic of having disparity of less than or equal to 1 after formatting to an inversion media-level format and wherein only one selected group of n+a bits has comma property.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
93 words
A method of converting from a first code set to a second code set comprising the steps of: grouping said first code set into groups of n bits; and converting each group of n bits into a corresponding group of n+a bits, wherein each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a options, wherein each selected group of n+a bits has the characteristic of having disparity of less than or equal to 1 after formatting to an inversion media-level format and wherein only one selected group of n+a bits has comma property.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method defined in claim 1 wherein n is equal to the integer 4.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method defined in claim 1 wherein a is equal to the integer 1.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method defined in claim 1 wherein said converting step comprises the step of encoding said selected group of n+a bits into a nonreturn-to-zero inversion (NRZ (I)) encoder for generating the media-level format.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
92 words
A method of converting from a second code set to a first code set comprising the steps of: receiving said second code set in groups of n+a bits wherein each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a options, wherein an NRZ(I) encoded version for each selected group of n+a bits has the characteristic of having an NRZ(I)-disparity of less than or equal to 1, and wherein only one selected group of n+a bits has comma property; and converting each group of n+a bits into a corresponding group of n bits.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
92 words
A method of converting from a second code set to a first code set comprising the steps of: receiving said second code set in groups of n+a bits wherein each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a options, wherein an NRZ(I) encoded version for each selected group of n+a bits has the characteristic of having an NRZ(I)-disparity of less than or equal to 1, and wherein only one selected group of n+a bits has comma property; and converting each group of n+a bits into a corresponding group of n bits.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method defined in claim 5 wherein n is equal to the integer 4.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method defined in claim 5 wherein a is equal to the integer 1.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method defined in claim 5 wherein said converting step comprises the step of formatting said selected group of n+a bits from a nonreturn-to-zero inversion (NRZ(I)) media-level encoding scheme format to a nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
92 words
A system for converting from a first code set to a second code set comprising: means for grouping said first code set into groups of n bits; and means for converting each group of n bits into a corresponding group of n+a bits, wherein each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a options, wherein each selected group of n+a bits has the characteristic of having disparity of less than or equal to after encoding into a media-level format, and wherein only one selected group of n+a bits has comma property.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
92 words
A system for converting from a first code set to a second code set comprising: means for grouping said first code set into groups of n bits; and means for converting each group of n bits into a corresponding group of n+a bits, wherein each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a options, wherein each selected group of n+a bits has the characteristic of having disparity of less than or equal to after encoding into a media-level format, and wherein only one selected group of n+a bits has comma property.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system defined in claim 9 wherein n is equal to the integer 4.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system defined in claim 9 wherein a is equal to the integer 1.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
28 words
The system defined in claim 9 wherein said converting means comprises means for formatting said selected group of n+a bits into a the nonreturn-to-zero inversion (NRZ(I)) media-level format.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 12 wherein the means for formatting said selected group of (n+a) bits include an NRZ(I) encoder.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
88 words
A system for converting from a second code set to a first code set comprising: means for receiving said second code set in groups of n+a bits wherein each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+ options, wherein each selected group of n+a bits has the characteristic of having an NRZ(I)-disparity of less than or equal to 1, and wherein only one selected group of n+a bits has comma property; and means for converting each group of n+a bits into a corresponding group of n bits.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
88 words
A system for converting from a second code set to a first code set comprising: means for receiving said second code set in groups of n+a bits wherein each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+ options, wherein each selected group of n+a bits has the characteristic of having an NRZ(I)-disparity of less than or equal to 1, and wherein only one selected group of n+a bits has comma property; and means for converting each group of n+a bits into a corresponding group of n bits.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system defined in claim 14 wherein n is equal to the integer 4.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system defined in claim 14 wherein a is equal to the integer 1.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
34 words
The system defined in claim 14 wherein said converting means comprises means for formatting said selected group of n+a bits from a nonreturn-to-zero inversion (NRZ(I) media-level encoding scheme format to a nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
184 words
A system for communicating from a first network device to a second network device via a network transmission media said first network device comprising means for converting from first code set to a second code set with said means comprising means for grouping said first code set into groups of n bits; means for converting each group of n bits into a corresponding group of n+a bits, wherein each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a options, wherein each selected group of n+a bits has the characteristic of having an NRZ(I)-disparity of less than or equal to 1 after encoding to a media-level format, and wherein one selected group of n+a bits has comma property; and means for transmitting at least one of said second code set over said network transmission media; said second network device comprising means for receiving said at least one of said transmitted second code set formatted in groups of n+a bits; and means for converting said at least one of said second code set to said first code set formatted into a corresponding group of n bits.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
184 words
A system for communicating from a first network device to a second network device via a network transmission media said first network device comprising means for converting from first code set to a second code set with said means comprising means for grouping said first code set into groups of n bits; means for converting each group of n bits into a corresponding group of n+a bits, wherein each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a options, wherein each selected group of n+a bits has the characteristic of having an NRZ(I)-disparity of less than or equal to 1 after encoding to a media-level format, and wherein one selected group of n+a bits has comma property; and means for transmitting at least one of said second code set over said network transmission media; said second network device comprising means for receiving said at least one of said transmitted second code set formatted in groups of n+a bits; and means for converting said at least one of said second code set to said first code set formatted into a corresponding group of n bits.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system defined in claim 18 wherein n is equal to the integer 4.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system defined in claim 18 wherein a is equal to the integer 1.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
32 words
The system defined in claim 18 wherein said first network device converting means comprises means for formatting said selected group of n+a bits into a nonreturn-to-zero inversion (NRZ(I)), one media-level encoding format.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
140 words
A method of converting from a first code set to a second code set comprising the steps of: grouping said first code set into groups of n bits, wherein n equals 4; and converting each group of n bits into a corresponding group of n+a bits, wherein a equals 1 and each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a , and further wherein said selected groups of n+a bits comprises the groups 11111, 10111, 11101, 10101, 11010, 10010, 11001, 11011, 01110, 00111, 01101, 01111, 01010, (00010), 01001, 01011, and 11110, wherein (00010) has comma property; and formatting selected groups of n+a bits into a nonreturn-to-zero inversion (NRZ(I)) media-level encoding format, wherein each said selected groups of n+a bits have the characteristic of having a disparity of less than or equal to 1 when translated to the NRZ(I) format.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
140 words
A method of converting from a first code set to a second code set comprising the steps of: grouping said first code set into groups of n bits, wherein n equals 4; and converting each group of n bits into a corresponding group of n+a bits, wherein a equals 1 and each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a , and further wherein said selected groups of n+a bits comprises the groups 11111, 10111, 11101, 10101, 11010, 10010, 11001, 11011, 01110, 00111, 01101, 01111, 01010, (00010), 01001, 01011, and 11110, wherein (00010) has comma property; and formatting selected groups of n+a bits into a nonreturn-to-zero inversion (NRZ(I)) media-level encoding format, wherein each said selected groups of n+a bits have the characteristic of having a disparity of less than or equal to 1 when translated to the NRZ(I) format.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
137 words
A method of converting from a second code set to a first code set comprising the steps of: receiving said second set in groups of n+a bits, with n equals 4 and a equals 1 wherein each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a options including 11111, 10111, 11101, 10101, 11010, 10010, 11001, 11011, 01110, 00111, 01101, 01111, 01010, (00010), 01001, 01011, and 11110, wherein (00010) has comma property options, wherein each selected group of n+a bits has the characteristic of having an NRZ (I)-disparity of less than or equal to 1, and converting each group of n+a bits into a corresponding group of n bits, wherein said converting step comprises the step of formatting said selected group of n+a bits from a nonreturn-to-zero inversion (NRZ(I)) media-level encoding scheme format to a nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
137 words
A method of converting from a second code set to a first code set comprising the steps of: receiving said second set in groups of n+a bits, with n equals 4 and a equals 1 wherein each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a options including 11111, 10111, 11101, 10101, 11010, 10010, 11001, 11011, 01110, 00111, 01101, 01111, 01010, (00010), 01001, 01011, and 11110, wherein (00010) has comma property options, wherein each selected group of n+a bits has the characteristic of having an NRZ (I)-disparity of less than or equal to 1, and converting each group of n+a bits into a corresponding group of n bits, wherein said converting step comprises the step of formatting said selected group of n+a bits from a nonreturn-to-zero inversion (NRZ(I)) media-level encoding scheme format to a nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
139 words
A system for converting from a first code set to a second code set comprising: means for grouping said first code set into groups of n bits, with n equals 4; and means for converting each group of n bits into a corresponding group of n+a bits wherein a equals 1 and each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a options comprising 11111, 10111, 11101, 10101, 11010, 10010, 11001, 11011, 01110, 00111, 01101, 01111, 01010, (00010), 01001, 01011, and 11110, wherein (00010) has comma property and wherein the means for converting further comprising means for formatting selected group of n+a bits into the nonreturn-to-zero inversion (NRZ(I)) media-level encoding format, and each selected group of n+a bits has the characteristic of having an NRZ(I)-disparity of less than or equal to 1 in the NRZ (I) media-level encoded format.
Claim 32
Independent Claim
139 words
A system for converting from a first code set to a second code set comprising: means for grouping said first code set into groups of n bits, with n equals 4; and means for converting each group of n bits into a corresponding group of n+a bits wherein a equals 1 and each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a options comprising 11111, 10111, 11101, 10101, 11010, 10010, 11001, 11011, 01110, 00111, 01101, 01111, 01010, (00010), 01001, 01011, and 11110, wherein (00010) has comma property and wherein the means for converting further comprising means for formatting selected group of n+a bits into the nonreturn-to-zero inversion (NRZ(I)) media-level encoding format, and each selected group of n+a bits has the characteristic of having an NRZ(I)-disparity of less than or equal to 1 in the NRZ (I) media-level encoded format.
Claim 33
Independent Claim
116 words
A system for converting from a second code set to a first code set comprising: means for receiving said second code set in groups of n+a bits wherein n equals 4, a equals 1, each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a options including the groups comprising 11111, 10111, 11101, 10101, 11010, 10010, 11001, 11011, 01110, 00111, 01101, 01111, 01010, (00010), 01001, 01011, and 11110 wherein (00010) has comma property; and means for converting each group of n+a bits into a corresponding group of n bits; said means for converting including means for formatting said selected group of n+a bits from a nonreturn-to-zero inversion (NRZ(I)) media-level encoding scheme format to a nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format.
Claim 34
Independent Claim
116 words
A system for converting from a second code set to a first code set comprising: means for receiving said second code set in groups of n+a bits wherein n equals 4, a equals 1, each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a options including the groups comprising 11111, 10111, 11101, 10101, 11010, 10010, 11001, 11011, 01110, 00111, 01101, 01111, 01010, (00010), 01001, 01011, and 11110 wherein (00010) has comma property; and means for converting each group of n+a bits into a corresponding group of n bits; said means for converting including means for formatting said selected group of n+a bits from a nonreturn-to-zero inversion (NRZ(I)) media-level encoding scheme format to a nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format.
Claim 35
Independent Claim
212 words
A system for communicating a first code set from a first network device to a second network device via a network transmission media said first network device comprising means for converting from said first code set to a second code set comprising: means for grouping said first code set into groups of n bits; means for converting each group of n bits into a corresponding group of n+a bits, wherein n equals 4, a equals 1 and each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a options including 11111, 10111, 11101, 10101, 11010, 10010, 11001, 11011, 01110, 00111, 01101, 01111, 01010, (00010), 01001, 01011, and 11110, wherein (00010) has comma property; means for formatting said selected group of n+a bits into nonreturn-to-zero inversion (NRZ(I)) media-level encoding scheme format wherein each selected group of formatted n+a bits has the characteristic of having an NRZ(I)-disparity of less than or equal to 1; means for transmitting said selected group of formatted n+a bit over said network transmission media; said second network device comprising means for receiving said selected group of formatted n+a bit, means for converting said selected group of formatted n+a bit in groups of n+a bits; and means for converting each group of n+a bits into a corresponding group of n bits.
Claim 36
Independent Claim
212 words
A system for communicating a first code set from a first network device to a second network device via a network transmission media said first network device comprising means for converting from said first code set to a second code set comprising: means for grouping said first code set into groups of n bits; means for converting each group of n bits into a corresponding group of n+a bits, wherein n equals 4, a equals 1 and each group of n+a bits is selected from 2 n+a options including 11111, 10111, 11101, 10101, 11010, 10010, 11001, 11011, 01110, 00111, 01101, 01111, 01010, (00010), 01001, 01011, and 11110, wherein (00010) has comma property; means for formatting said selected group of n+a bits into nonreturn-to-zero inversion (NRZ(I)) media-level encoding scheme format wherein each selected group of formatted n+a bits has the characteristic of having an NRZ(I)-disparity of less than or equal to 1; means for transmitting said selected group of formatted n+a bit over said network transmission media; said second network device comprising means for receiving said selected group of formatted n+a bit, means for converting said selected group of formatted n+a bit in groups of n+a bits; and means for converting each group of n+a bits into a corresponding group of n bits.
Claim 37
Independent Claim
103 words
A method for preparing information to be transmitted in a communications network comprising the steps of: (a) receiving from a device the information being arranged into groups of four-bit data characters and one non-data character; (b) converting each group of four-bit data character and the one non-date character into a set of selected 5-bit words; and (c) encoding, with a media level encoder NRZ(I), each of the 5-bit words in said set wherein only one of the 5-bit words has a comma property and each of the 5-bit encoded words has a disparity of less than or equal to 1 after the encoding.
Claim 38
Independent Claim
103 words
A method for preparing information to be transmitted in a communications network comprising the steps of: (a) receiving from a device the information being arranged into groups of four-bit data characters and one non-data character; (b) converting each group of four-bit data character and the one non-date character into a set of selected 5-bit words; and (c) encoding, with a media level encoder NRZ(I), each of the 5-bit words in said set wherein only one of the 5-bit words has a comma property and each of the 5-bit encoded words has a disparity of less than or equal to 1 after the encoding.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 27 wherein the set of selected 5-bit words include 16 4-data characters and one non-data character.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 28 wherein a concatenated combination of said non-data character with any of said sixteen 4-data characters provides for sixteen command symbols.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 29 wherein a concatenated combination of said non-data character with a second said non-data character provides for a seventeenth command symbol.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 30 wherein said seventeenth command symbol is a null symbol for supporting communications networks requiring an idle symbol.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 28 wherein said sixteen NRZ 5-bit data character and said one non-data character includes 10101, 01001, 01010, 01011, 00111, 01101, 01110, 01111, 10010, 11001, 11010, 11011, 10111, 11101, 11110, 11111, and 00010.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 32 wherein said only one of said NRZ 5-bit data character with comma property is 00010.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 27 wherein a transition density is an average above 3 for all said 5-bit words after having been NRZ(I) encoded.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 27 wherein said non-data character follows any two consecutive 4-bit data characters for establishing octet boundary.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 27 wherein said non-data character has the comma property after having been mapped into a NRZ 5-bit data.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
179 words
A network device, for connecting to a communications network, comprising: a receiving media interface; a decoder coupled to said receiving media interface; an encoder; and a transmitting media interface coupled to said encoder; said receiving media interface for receiving NRZ(I)-encoded data from said communications network, transforming said NRZ(I) encoded data into NRZ 5-bit binary data words, said decoder for receiving said NRZ 5-bit binary data words, mapping said NRZ 5-bit binary data words into corresponding 4-bit data nibbles or one non-data character, said encoder for receiving 4-data nibbles or one non-data character mapping said 4-data nibbles or one non-data character into corresponding NRZ 5-bit binary data words, said transmitting media interface for receiving the corresponding NRZ 5-bit binary data words from said encoder, transforming said NRZ 5-bit binary data words into NRZ(I) encoded data, and transmitting said NRZ(I) encoded data to said communications network, wherein all encoded and decoded NRZ(I) words have a running disparity of less than or equal to 1 and a single NRZ 5-bit word has a comma property in a set of selected 5-bit word.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
179 words
A network device, for connecting to a communications network, comprising: a receiving media interface; a decoder coupled to said receiving media interface; an encoder; and a transmitting media interface coupled to said encoder; said receiving media interface for receiving NRZ(I)-encoded data from said communications network, transforming said NRZ(I) encoded data into NRZ 5-bit binary data words, said decoder for receiving said NRZ 5-bit binary data words, mapping said NRZ 5-bit binary data words into corresponding 4-bit data nibbles or one non-data character, said encoder for receiving 4-data nibbles or one non-data character mapping said 4-data nibbles or one non-data character into corresponding NRZ 5-bit binary data words, said transmitting media interface for receiving the corresponding NRZ 5-bit binary data words from said encoder, transforming said NRZ 5-bit binary data words into NRZ(I) encoded data, and transmitting said NRZ(I) encoded data to said communications network, wherein all encoded and decoded NRZ(I) words have a running disparity of less than or equal to 1 and a single NRZ 5-bit word has a comma property in a set of selected 5-bit word.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
45 words
The device of claim 37 further including a data provider/receiver coupled to the decoder and the encoder; said provider/receiver receiving the 4 bit data nibbles and one non-data character from the decoder and providing 4 bit data nibbles on one non-data character to the encoder.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
19 words
The network device of claim 38 wherein said data provider/receiver is a router attached to a Local Area Network.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
14 words
The network device of claim 37 wherein said communications network is an ATM network.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
21 words
The network device of claim 37 wherein transition density is on average above 3 for all of the NRZ(I) encoded data.
Claim 54
Independent Claim
191 words
A method for processing groups of data characters or a non-data character for transmission on a serial communications link comprising the steps of: converting at least one of the groups of data characters or non-data character into at least one 5-bit code word, selected from a set of 5-bit code words comprising of 11111, 10111, 11101, 10101, 11010, 10010, 11001, 11011, 01110, 00111, 01101, 01111, 01010, 00010, 01001, 01011, and 11110; encoding at least one of the 5-bit code words into at least one NRZ(I) code word selected from a plurality of NRZ(I) code words comprising of 10101, 11010, 10110, 11001, 10011, 11100, 10001, 10010, 01011, 00101, 01001, 01010, 01100, 00011, 01110, 01101, and 10100 only if a prior bit 0 was transmitted on the communications link or 01010, 00101, 01001, 00110, 01100, 00011, 01110, 01101, 10100, 11010, 10110, 10101, 10011, 11100, 10001, 10010 and 01011 if a prior bit 1 was transmitted on the communications link, wherein only one of the 5 bit words has a comma property prior to encoding and each of the NRZ(I) code words has a disparity of less than or equal to one after encoding.
Claim 55
Independent Claim
191 words
A method for processing groups of data characters or a non-data character for transmission on a serial communications link comprising the steps of: converting at least one of the groups of data characters or non-data character into at least one 5-bit code word, selected from a set of 5-bit code words comprising of 11111, 10111, 11101, 10101, 11010, 10010, 11001, 11011, 01110, 00111, 01101, 01111, 01010, 00010, 01001, 01011, and 11110; encoding at least one of the 5-bit code words into at least one NRZ(I) code word selected from a plurality of NRZ(I) code words comprising of 10101, 11010, 10110, 11001, 10011, 11100, 10001, 10010, 01011, 00101, 01001, 01010, 01100, 00011, 01110, 01101, and 10100 only if a prior bit 0 was transmitted on the communications link or 01010, 00101, 01001, 00110, 01100, 00011, 01110, 01101, 10100, 11010, 10110, 10101, 10011, 11100, 10001, 10010 and 01011 if a prior bit 1 was transmitted on the communications link, wherein only one of the 5 bit words has a comma property prior to encoding and each of the NRZ(I) code words has a disparity of less than or equal to one after encoding.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 42 further including the steps of transmitting the at least one NRZ(I) code word selected from the plurality of NRZ(I) code words onto the communications link.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
49 words
The method of claim 43 further including the steps of receiving at least one NRZ(I) code word from the communications link; and decoding said at least one NRZ(I) code word to provide the at least one 5-bit code word which was converted encoded and transmitted on said communications link.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 44 further including the steps of converting the at least one 5-bit code word to at least one 4-bit data word.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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