US5602873A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Flash NRZI infrared modem
Assignee: GlobalFoundries Inc
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Filing: 1994-10-14
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Granted: 1997-02-11
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Expires: 2014-10-14
Abstract
Abstract A modulation scheme and system, compatible with both the asynchronous IRDA mode and the synchronous mode of IR communication, involves Non-Return-to-Zero-Inverted (NRZI) and Flash pulse encoding in conjunction with zero-bit stuffing. A digital data stream has a zero-bit inserted therein, before NRZI format encoding, whenever five consecutive one's are detected in the stream to enable the controller to distinguish the data from flags, which are exempt from the zero-bit insertion, and to provide enough transitions in the data so that the demodulator's digital phase lock loop can stay locked independent of the data contents. A Flash pulse (of from 3/16 to 8/16 of bit cell width, depending on the data rate) is generated whenever a transition is detected in the NRZI formatted data. The result, in keeping with IRDA modulation, is that a Flash pulse is generated whenever a zero occurs in the data stream. On the demodulation side, whenever a Flash pulse is received, the level of the receive line is toggled resulting in an output in NRZI format. Using this modulation scheme with a serial controller which supports NRZI and bit-stuffing, a system may be constructed that uses the controller's phase lock loop to send and receive data synchronously.
Inventors
- 👤 Peruvemba S. Balasubramanian
- 👤 Nathan J. Lee
- 👤 Scott D. Lekuch
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 20:03
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04L; H04L27/00; H04L25/00; H04L25/38; H04L25/40; H04L25/49
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 27
Claim 1
Independent Claim
89 words
A system for modulating a digital data stream and producing a modulated output that is compatible with both the asynchronous mode and synchronous mode of communication, comprising: means for inserting a zero-bit in a digital data stream whenever five consecutive 1-bits are detected therein; means for encoding said zero-bit-containing digital data stream in NRZI format; and means, responsive to said NRZI formatted data, for generating a Flash pulse whenever a transition is detected in said NRZI formatted data, whereby a synchronous and asynchronous mode compatible modulated output is produced.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
89 words
A system for modulating a digital data stream and producing a modulated output that is compatible with both the asynchronous mode and synchronous mode of communication, comprising: means for inserting a zero-bit in a digital data stream whenever five consecutive 1-bits are detected therein; means for encoding said zero-bit-containing digital data stream in NRZI format; and means, responsive to said NRZI formatted data, for generating a Flash pulse whenever a transition is detected in said NRZI formatted data, whereby a synchronous and asynchronous mode compatible modulated output is produced.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
40 words
The system as in claim 1, wherein said Flash pulse generating means comprises means for setting the width of said Flash pulse at a fraction of a bit cell width, depending on the bit rate of said digital data stream.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
The system as in claim 2, further comprising means for extending the duration of said Flash pulse for 1/4 of a bit cell period.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
51 words
The system as in claim 1, further comprising: clock means having a clock rate for controlling said encoding and generating means; and means for adjusting said clock rate independently of the bit rate of said digital data stream to reduce the Flash pulse duration to a fraction of said bit rate.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
41 words
The system as in claim 1, further comprising demodulating means for decoding said Flash pulses, said demodulating means comprising: means for detecting said Flash pulses; and logic means for changing state whenever a Flash pulse is detected by said detecting means.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
46 words
The system as in claim 5, wherein said demodulating means further comprises means, connected to said detecting means, for blocking the detection of said Flash pulses for 1/2 of the bit cell period, whereby any incoming Flash pulses during that period will be blocked and rejected.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
59 words
The system as in claim 5, wherein said demodulating means further comprises digital phase lock loop means for locking on the frequency of the data stream containing said Flash pulses, and means for causing said digital phase lock loop means to only check for a transition in level in said data stream at the boundary of a bit cell.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
111 words
A system for controlling an IR communications link that modulates a digital data stream in a manner compatible with both the asynchronous IRDA mode and the synchronous mode of IR communication, comprising: means for encoding a digital data stream into NRZI format; means for inserting a zero-bit in said stream whenever five consecutive one's occur therein prior to the encoding by said encoding means; means for detecting transitions in said NRZI formatted data; means, connected to said detecting means, for generating an electrical Flash pulse whenever a transition is detected in the NRZI formatted data; and means, responsive to said electrical Flash pulses, for generating IR light pulses in accordance therewith.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
111 words
A system for controlling an IR communications link that modulates a digital data stream in a manner compatible with both the asynchronous IRDA mode and the synchronous mode of IR communication, comprising: means for encoding a digital data stream into NRZI format; means for inserting a zero-bit in said stream whenever five consecutive one's occur therein prior to the encoding by said encoding means; means for detecting transitions in said NRZI formatted data; means, connected to said detecting means, for generating an electrical Flash pulse whenever a transition is detected in the NRZI formatted data; and means, responsive to said electrical Flash pulses, for generating IR light pulses in accordance therewith.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
39 words
The system as in claim 8, wherein said electrical Flash pulse generating means comprises means for setting the Flash pulse width at a fraction of a bit cell width, depending on the bit rate of said digital data stream.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
56 words
The system as in claim 8, further comprising clock means for controlling said encoding and said electrical Flash pulse generating means; and means for adjusting the clock rate independently of the data stream bit rate such that the Flash pulse duration may be set at a fraction of the bit rate of said digital data stream.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
43 words
The system as in claim 8, further comprising demodulating means, responsive to said IR light pulses, for decoding said Flash pulses and comprising means for detecting said IR light pulses, and logic means for changing state whenever an IR light pulse is detected.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
55 words
The system as in claim 11, further comprising counter means, in said demodulating means, for blocking the detection of IR light pulses by said detecting means for a fraction of the bit period of said data stream, whereby any incoming IR light pulse during that fraction of the bit period will be blocked and rejected.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
62 words
The system as in claim 11, wherein said demodulating means further comprises: means for receiving incoming data containing said IR light pulses; digital phase lock loop means for locking on the incoming data frequency, and means for causing said digital phase lock loop means to only check for a transition in level in said data at the boundary of a bit cell.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
64 words
A modulation method for communication links that is compatible with both the asynchronous mode and the synchronous mode of communication, comprising the steps of: encoding a digital data stream in NRZI format; inserting, prior to said encoding, a zero-bit in said stream whenever five consecutive one's are detected therein; and generating a Flash pulse whenever a transition is detected in the NRZI formatted data.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
64 words
A modulation method for communication links that is compatible with both the asynchronous mode and the synchronous mode of communication, comprising the steps of: encoding a digital data stream in NRZI format; inserting, prior to said encoding, a zero-bit in said stream whenever five consecutive one's are detected therein; and generating a Flash pulse whenever a transition is detected in the NRZI formatted data.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
48 words
The method as in claim 14, wherein the width of said Flash pulse is set for a fraction of a bit cell width, depending on the bit rate of said data stream, and comprising the further step of extending said pulse for 1/4 of a bit cell period.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
52 words
The method as in claim 14, comprising the further steps of using a clock rate for controlling said encoding and generating steps, and adjusting said clock rate independently of the data stream bit rate such that the Flash pulse duration may be set at a fraction of said data stream bit rate.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method as in claim 14, comprising the further step of decoding said Flash pulses by detecting said Flash pulses, and changing the state of a logic element whenever a Flash pulse is detected.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method as in claim 17, comprising the further step of, when detecting said Flash pulses, blocking the detecting of Flash pulses for a fraction of the bit period whereby any incoming Flash pulse during that period will be blocked and rejected.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
54 words
The method as in claim 14, comprising the further steps of using a digital phase lock loop for locking on the frequency of the data containing said Flash pulses, and causing said digital phase lock loop to only check for a transition in level in said data at the boundary of a bit cell.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method as in claim 14, wherein said communication links are IR communication links and said communications modes are the asynchronous IRDA mode and a synchronous mode of IR communication.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
66 words
A demodulator for decoding Flash pulses produced in response to transitions in NRZI formatted data containing zero-bits inserted whenever five consecutive 1-bits occurred in the data before formatting, said demodulator comprising: means for receiving said Flash pulses; means for detecting the receipt of said Flash pulses by said receiving means; and logic means for changing state whenever a Flash pulse is detected by said detecting means.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
66 words
A demodulator for decoding Flash pulses produced in response to transitions in NRZI formatted data containing zero-bits inserted whenever five consecutive 1-bits occurred in the data before formatting, said demodulator comprising: means for receiving said Flash pulses; means for detecting the receipt of said Flash pulses by said receiving means; and logic means for changing state whenever a Flash pulse is detected by said detecting means.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
58 words
The demodulator of claim 21, wherein said flash pulses have a pulse width at a fraction of a bit cell width, and further comprising means, connected to said detecting means, for blocking the detection of said Flash pulses for 1/2 of the bit cell period, whereby any incoming Flash pulses during that period will be blocked and rejected.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
52 words
The demodulator of claim 21, further comprising digital phase lock loop means for locking on the frequency of the data containing said Flash pulses, and means for causing said digital phase lock loop means to only check for a transition in level in said data at the boundary of a bit cell.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2000-02-11 | 2000-08-12 | 2001-02-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2004-02-11 | 2004-08-12 | 2005-02-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2008-02-11 | 2008-08-12 | 2009-02-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |