US5589851A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Multi-level to bi-level raster shape converter
Assignee: Ductus Inc
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Filing: 1994-03-18
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Granted: 1996-12-31
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Expires: 2014-03-18
Abstract
Abstract A method and apparatus for converting multi-level raster shapes into bi-level raster shapes while preserving as much of the visual character of the shape is disclosed. The method and apparatus solve two main problems arising in the task: that of broken continuity (drop-outs) and that of large changes in the width of horizontal and vertical lines on the bi-level raster shape as a result of minute changes on the multi-level shape (stem width aliasing). Drop-outs are handled by identifying certain boundaries between pixels as drop-out warnings. Pixels adjacent to dropout warnings have their coverage values converted from multi-level to bi-level by a process that guarantees that at least one of them will be rounded up. Dropout warnings are found from the outline of the ideal shape used to generate the multi-level shape and represent an approximation to said outline. In a preferred embodiment, the set of drop-out warnings for an outline is the set of pixel boundaries containing the nearest pixel boundary to each intersection of the outline with mid-pixel lines. Stem width aliasing occurs because of rounding errors clustering along horizontal and vertical lines. The present invention minimizes stem width aliasing by a variable threshold technique in which the threshold value used to turn the multi-level coverage value of a pixel into a bi-level value depends on the pixel position. The multiple threshold values are used to scatter the rounding errors over neighboring pixels so that they do not cluster along horizontal or vertical lines and are therefore less apparent to a viewer. In a preferred embodiment, two different threshold values are used in a checkerboard pattern, i.e., the threshold value for every other pixel in the horizontal or vertical direction alternates between the two values.
Inventors
- 👤 Jacobo Valdes
- 👤 Eduardo Martinez
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 12:39
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06T; G06T11/00; G06T11/20; G06K; G06K15/00; G06K15/02; G09; G09G; G09G5/00; G09G5/22; G09G5/24; G06K2215/00; G06K2215/0002; G06K2215/004; G06K2215/0042; G06K2215/0045
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 17
Claim 1
Independent Claim
321 words
A method of generating a bi-level raster shape from a shape outline, the method comprising the steps of: positioning the shape outline relative to a pixel grid; identifying a bounding region of said pixel grid which totally encloses the positioned shape outline, said bounding region characterized by the set of pixels which are in said bounding region, wherein each pixel in the set of pixels is characterized by a pixel position relative to said bounding region; generating a multi-level raster shape representative of the shape outline, said multi-level raster shape storable as an array of multi-level coverage values, wherein each multi-level coverage value is associated with a pixel of said set of pixels and each multi-level coverage value is selected from a plurality of more than two possible coverage values; identifying, using results of said step of positioning, at least one pair of adjacent pixels with a drop-out warning; flagging at least one pixel of each pair of pixels which were identified in the step of identifying; calculating, from a variable threshold function, a threshold value for each pixel in said set of pixels, said variable threshold function being variable in that not all pixels in said set of pixels obtain the same threshold value; and rounding each multi-level coverage value in said array of multi-level coverage values to a bi-level coverage value selected from a covered value and an uncovered value, wherein said multi-level coverage value is rounded to said uncovered value when said multi-level coverage value is between said uncovered value and said threshold value, and said multi-level coverage value is rounded to said covered value when said multi-level coverage value is not between said uncovered value and said threshold value, said rounding step including the step of rounding a multi-level coverage value to said covered value regardless of its value if the pixel associated with said multi-level coverage value being rounded was flagged in the step of flagging.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
321 words
A method of generating a bi-level raster shape from a shape outline, the method comprising the steps of: positioning the shape outline relative to a pixel grid; identifying a bounding region of said pixel grid which totally encloses the positioned shape outline, said bounding region characterized by the set of pixels which are in said bounding region, wherein each pixel in the set of pixels is characterized by a pixel position relative to said bounding region; generating a multi-level raster shape representative of the shape outline, said multi-level raster shape storable as an array of multi-level coverage values, wherein each multi-level coverage value is associated with a pixel of said set of pixels and each multi-level coverage value is selected from a plurality of more than two possible coverage values; identifying, using results of said step of positioning, at least one pair of adjacent pixels with a drop-out warning; flagging at least one pixel of each pair of pixels which were identified in the step of identifying; calculating, from a variable threshold function, a threshold value for each pixel in said set of pixels, said variable threshold function being variable in that not all pixels in said set of pixels obtain the same threshold value; and rounding each multi-level coverage value in said array of multi-level coverage values to a bi-level coverage value selected from a covered value and an uncovered value, wherein said multi-level coverage value is rounded to said uncovered value when said multi-level coverage value is between said uncovered value and said threshold value, and said multi-level coverage value is rounded to said covered value when said multi-level coverage value is not between said uncovered value and said threshold value, said rounding step including the step of rounding a multi-level coverage value to said covered value regardless of its value if the pixel associated with said multi-level coverage value being rounded was flagged in the step of flagging.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
49 words
The method of claim 1, wherein, as part of said step of rounding, said multi-level coverage value is rounded to said covered value regardless of its value when said associated pixel is flagged and said associated pixel's paired pixel's coverage value has already been rounded to said uncovered value.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 1, wherein said step of identifying pixel pairs further comprises the steps of: identifying a pixel edge nearest an edge of the shape outline; and identifying said pixel edge as a dropout warning.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
62 words
The method of claim 3, wherein said step of identifying a pixel edge further comprises the step of identifying a plurality of pixel edges which collectively approximate the shape outline and wherein said step of identifying said pixel edge as a dropout warning further comprises the step of identifying each pixel edge in said plurality of pixel edges as a dropout warning.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 3, wherein said step of identifying a pixel edge comprises a step of locating intersections of the shape outline and mid-pixel lines.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
49 words
The method of claim 3, wherein said step of identifying a pixel edge comprises the steps of: reducing the shape outline to a trajectory comprising a sequence of jumps, a jump being a straight line approximation to the shape outline; and identifying intersections of said trajectory and mid-pixel lines.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
46 words
The method of claim 4, wherein said step of identifying a plurality of pixel edges comprises a step of identifying intersections of the shape outline with mid-pixel lines and adding a pixel edge nearest to each such intersection to said plurality of pixel edges being identified.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
76 words
The method of claim 4, wherein said step of identifying a plurality of pixel edges comprises the steps of: reducing the shape outline to one or more trajectories, each trajectory comprising a sequence of jumps, a jump being a straight line approximation to the shape outline; and identifying intersections of said one or more trajectories with mid-pixel lines and adding a pixel edge nearest to each such intersection to said plurality of pixel edges being identified.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
229 words
A method of generating a bi-level raster shape from a shape outline, the method comprising the steps of: positioning the shape outline relative to a pixel grid; identifying a bounding region of said pixel grid which totally encloses the positioned shape outline, said bounding region characterized by the set of pixels which are in said bounding region, wherein each pixel in the set of pixels is characterized by a pixel position relative to said bounding region; generating a multi-level raster shape representative of the shape outline, said multi-level raster shape storable as an array of multi-level coverage values, wherein each multi-level coverage value is associated with a pixel of said set of pixels and each multi-level coverage value is selected from a plurality of more than two possible coverage values; calculating, from a variable threshold function, a threshold value associated with each pixel in said set of pixels, said variable threshold function being variable in that not all pixels in said set of pixels obtain the same threshold value; and rounding each multi-level coverage value in said array of multi-level coverage values to a bi-level coverage value selected from a covered value and an uncovered value, wherein a multi-level coverage value for an associated pixel is rounded to said uncovered value when said multi-level coverage value is between said uncovered value and said threshold value for said associated pixel.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
229 words
A method of generating a bi-level raster shape from a shape outline, the method comprising the steps of: positioning the shape outline relative to a pixel grid; identifying a bounding region of said pixel grid which totally encloses the positioned shape outline, said bounding region characterized by the set of pixels which are in said bounding region, wherein each pixel in the set of pixels is characterized by a pixel position relative to said bounding region; generating a multi-level raster shape representative of the shape outline, said multi-level raster shape storable as an array of multi-level coverage values, wherein each multi-level coverage value is associated with a pixel of said set of pixels and each multi-level coverage value is selected from a plurality of more than two possible coverage values; calculating, from a variable threshold function, a threshold value associated with each pixel in said set of pixels, said variable threshold function being variable in that not all pixels in said set of pixels obtain the same threshold value; and rounding each multi-level coverage value in said array of multi-level coverage values to a bi-level coverage value selected from a covered value and an uncovered value, wherein a multi-level coverage value for an associated pixel is rounded to said uncovered value when said multi-level coverage value is between said uncovered value and said threshold value for said associated pixel.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
53 words
The method of claim 9, wherein said threshold value is a value between said covered value and said uncovered value, said covered value being a value assigned to a pixel completely covered by the shape outline and said uncovered value being a value assigned to a pixel completely uncovered by the shape outline.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
64 words
The method of claim 9, wherein said threshold value associated with a pixel alternates from pixel to adjacent pixel between a first threshold and a second threshold, said first threshold being a value closer to said uncovered value than an average of said uncovered value and said covered value, and said second threshold being a value closer to said covered value than said average.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
339 words
A workstation comprising: a raster display, which displays an image using a grid of pixels each colorable with one of two colors to suggest said image; storage means for storing ideal shapes which are each described by an outline comprising at least one closed contour not limited by a resolution of said raster display; relation means, coupled to a device parameter input and said storage means, for receiving device resolution parameters and for relating ideal shapes received from said storage means to a pixel grid of said raster display; multi-level filling means, coupled to said relation means and said storage means, for generating a multi-level raster shape based on said outline and said pixel grid; raster shape storage means, coupled to receive multi-level coverage values for pixels of said pixel grid, said multi-level raster shape storable as an array of multi-level coverage values, wherein each multi-level coverage value is associated with a pixel in said set of pixels and each multi-level coverage value is selected from a plurality of more than two possible coverage values; rounding means for generating a bi-level raster shape from said multi-level raster shape, wherein multi-level coverage values of said multi-level raster shape are rounded to one of a covered value and an uncovered value, said rounding means configured to round a multi-level coverage value to said covered value when said multi-level coverage value is between said covered value and a threshold value associated with the pixel being rounded and to otherwise round said multi-level coverage value to said uncovered value, wherein threshold values associated with pixel are variable in that not all pixels have the same threshold value associated with them; and means, coupled to said rounding means and said raster display, for causing said raster display to display a pixel of a first of said two colors when a coverage value associated with said pixel is said uncovered value and to display a pixel of a second of said two colors when said coverage value associated with said pixel is said covered value.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
339 words
A workstation comprising: a raster display, which displays an image using a grid of pixels each colorable with one of two colors to suggest said image; storage means for storing ideal shapes which are each described by an outline comprising at least one closed contour not limited by a resolution of said raster display; relation means, coupled to a device parameter input and said storage means, for receiving device resolution parameters and for relating ideal shapes received from said storage means to a pixel grid of said raster display; multi-level filling means, coupled to said relation means and said storage means, for generating a multi-level raster shape based on said outline and said pixel grid; raster shape storage means, coupled to receive multi-level coverage values for pixels of said pixel grid, said multi-level raster shape storable as an array of multi-level coverage values, wherein each multi-level coverage value is associated with a pixel in said set of pixels and each multi-level coverage value is selected from a plurality of more than two possible coverage values; rounding means for generating a bi-level raster shape from said multi-level raster shape, wherein multi-level coverage values of said multi-level raster shape are rounded to one of a covered value and an uncovered value, said rounding means configured to round a multi-level coverage value to said covered value when said multi-level coverage value is between said covered value and a threshold value associated with the pixel being rounded and to otherwise round said multi-level coverage value to said uncovered value, wherein threshold values associated with pixel are variable in that not all pixels have the same threshold value associated with them; and means, coupled to said rounding means and said raster display, for causing said raster display to display a pixel of a first of said two colors when a coverage value associated with said pixel is said uncovered value and to display a pixel of a second of said two colors when said coverage value associated with said pixel is said covered value.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
46 words
The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said raster display is capable of displaying more than one raster shape simultaneously and said two colors used for one raster shape are not necessarily the same two colors used for another raster shape simultaneously displayed on said raster display.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
64 words
The workstation of claim 12, wherein said threshold value associated with a pixel alternates from pixel to adjacent pixel between a first threshold and a second threshold, said first threshold being a value closer to said uncovered value than an average of said uncovered value and said covered value, and said second threshold being a value closer to said covered value than said average.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1999-12-31 | 2000-07-01 | 2000-12-31 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2003-12-31 | 2004-07-01 | 2004-12-31 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2007-12-31 | 2008-07-01 | 2008-12-31 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |