US5557283A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Real-time wideband holographic surveillance system
Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute Inc
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Filing: 1995-05-12
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Granted: 1996-09-17
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Expires: 2015-05-12
Abstract
Abstract A wideband holographic surveillance system including a transceiver for generating a plurality of electromagnetic waves; antenna for transmitting the electromagnetic waves toward a target at a plurality of predetermined positions in space; the transceiver also receiving and converting electromagnetic waves reflected from the target to electrical signals at a plurality of predetermined positions in space; a computer for processing the electrical signals to obtain signals corresponding to a holographic reconstruction of the target; and a display for displaying the processed information to determine nature of the target. The computer has instructions to apply a three dimensional backward wave algorithm.
Inventors
- 👤 David M. Sheen
- 👤 H. Dale Collins
- 👤 Thomas E. Hall
- 👤 Douglas L. McMakin
- 👤 R. Parks Gribble
- 👤 Ronald H. Severtsen
- 👤 James M. Prince
- 👤 Larry D. Reid
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 18:10
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01S; G01S13/00; G01S13/88; G01S13/89; G01S13/887; G01V; G01V8/00; G01V8/005; A; A61; A61B; A61B5/00; A61B5/05; A61B5/72; A61B5/7235; A61B5/7253; A61B5/7257
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 26
Claim 1
Independent Claim
140 words
A holographic apparatus for near real-time imaging of a target, said apparatus utilizing millimeter wave radiation having a plurality of frequencies from about 1 to about 110 GHz, comprising: (a) a holographic array having a plurality of antenna units spaced apart from about 0.25 to about 3 wavelength, wherein each unit sends and/or receives millimeter wave radiation, said array spaced apart from said target; (b) a holographic wideband transceiver for operating said antenna units and providing each unit with millimeter wave radiation source, then receiving high frequency millimeter wave radiation reflection from said target and collected by the unit, then making an output; (c) an analog to digital converter for converting said output to a corresponding digital signal; and (d) a computer for applying a three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm to the corresponding digital signal that preserves an unlimited depth of field.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
140 words
A holographic apparatus for near real-time imaging of a target, said apparatus utilizing millimeter wave radiation having a plurality of frequencies from about 1 to about 110 GHz, comprising: (a) a holographic array having a plurality of antenna units spaced apart from about 0.25 to about 3 wavelength, wherein each unit sends and/or receives millimeter wave radiation, said array spaced apart from said target; (b) a holographic wideband transceiver for operating said antenna units and providing each unit with millimeter wave radiation source, then receiving high frequency millimeter wave radiation reflection from said target and collected by the unit, then making an output; (c) an analog to digital converter for converting said output to a corresponding digital signal; and (d) a computer for applying a three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm to the corresponding digital signal that preserves an unlimited depth of field.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
23 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said antenna elements have a beam width from about 10 degrees to about 180 degrees.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said antenna units are monostatic.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said antenna units are bistatic.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 2, wherein the antenna units are polyrod antennas.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
15 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 2, wherein the antenna units are printed circuit antennas.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
35 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the holographic array is interconnected to an electronic millimeter wave switch having a first set of pin diode switches in a first and second binary switch array.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
30 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein a beam width of the antenna element in combination with a distance from the transceiver to the target provides a low f-number.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said output is an in-phase output.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
154 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the computer for applying the image reconstruction algorithm comprises: (a) a digital computer having, (i) a first set of instructions for receiving data from the A/D converter, (ii) a second set of instructions for computing a two-dimensional Fourier transform of the received data for each frequency, (iii) a third set of instructions for multiplying the two-dimensional Fourier transform by a complex backward wave propagator and forming a backward wave product, (iv) a fourth set of instructions for interpolating the backward wave product onto a uniformly sampled grid and forming an interpolated product, (v) a fifth set of instructions for computing a three-dimensional inverse transform of the interpolated product and obtaining a complex three-dimensional image, (vi) a sixth set of instructions for computing a magnitude of the complex three-dimensional image and obtaining a three-dimensional image, and (vii) a seventh set of instructions for displaying the three-dimensional image.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
28 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 10, wherein the first set of instructions further comprises: a subset of instructions for deriving complex data (Q) from in-phase data (I).
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
41 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 1, said array comprises: a linear array, moved by a mechanical means during transmission and receipt of said high frequency millimeter wave radiation, thereby providing a simultaneous scan of source and reflection millimeter wave radiation.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
50 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 12, wherein the linear array comprises: (a) an upper horizontal row, and (b) a lower horizontal row wherein the two rows are offset by half the spacing between antenna elements, thereby enhancing horizontal resolution as the upper and lower horizontal rows are moved vertically.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 12, wherein the two arrays are moved across an aperture in less than two seconds.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein a plurality of antenna elements are spaced in a stationary, multi-dimensional array.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
25 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 15, wherein a multi-dimensional array is a planar two-dimensional array that is electronically scanned in less than 0.5 seconds.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
28 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said antenna units are connected by a plurality of electronic millimeter wave switches permitting sequential operation of said antenna units.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said transceiver is a bistatic, heterodyne, in-phase output transceiver.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 18, wherein said bistatic, heterodyne, in-phase output transceiver is also non-tracking.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
123 words
A method of holographic surveillance of a target, comprising the steps of: (a) scanning a two-dimensional aperture with a holographic array having a plurality of antenna units spaced apart from about 0.25 to about 3 wavelength, wherein each unit sends and/or receives millimeter wave radiation, said array spaced apart from said target; (b) operating individual antenna elements with a wideband holographic transceiver system and providing each unit with a wideband millimeter wave radiation source, then receiving wideband millimeter wave radiation reflection from said target and collected by the unit(s), then making an output; (c) converting said output in an A/D converter to a corresponding digital signal; and (d) applying a three dimensional reconstruction algorithm to the digital signal that preserves a low f-number.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
123 words
A method of holographic surveillance of a target, comprising the steps of: (a) scanning a two-dimensional aperture with a holographic array having a plurality of antenna units spaced apart from about 0.25 to about 3 wavelength, wherein each unit sends and/or receives millimeter wave radiation, said array spaced apart from said target; (b) operating individual antenna elements with a wideband holographic transceiver system and providing each unit with a wideband millimeter wave radiation source, then receiving wideband millimeter wave radiation reflection from said target and collected by the unit(s), then making an output; (c) converting said output in an A/D converter to a corresponding digital signal; and (d) applying a three dimensional reconstruction algorithm to the digital signal that preserves a low f-number.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method as recited in claim 20, wherein applying the three dimensional reconstruction algorithm includes applying a transform to derive an imaginary digital signal to reconstruct a holographic image.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method as recited in claim 20, wherein said scanning is by sequential operating of said antenna units.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
108 words
The method as recited in claim 20, wherein the applying the image reconstruction algorithm comprises the steps of: (i) receiving data from the A/D converter, (ii) computing a two-dimensional Fourier transform of the received data for each frequency, (iii) multiplying the two-dimensional Fourier transform by a complex backward wave propagator and forming a backward wave product, (iv) interpolating the backward wave product onto a uniformly sampled grid and forming an interpolated product, (v) computing a three-dimensional inverse transform of the interpolated product and obtaining a complex three-dimensional image, (vi) computing a magnitude of the complex three-dimensional image and obtaining a three-dimensional image, and (vii) displaying the three-dimensional image.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method as recited in claim 23, wherein receiving the data further comprises: deriving complex data (Q) from in-phase data (I).
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1999-09-17 | 2000-03-18 | 2000-09-17 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2003-09-17 | 2004-03-18 | 2004-09-17 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2007-09-17 | 2008-03-18 | 2008-09-17 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |