US5520786A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Mediators suitable for the electrochemical regeneration of NADH, NADPH or analogs thereof
Assignee: Ascensia Diabetes Care Holdings AG
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Filing: 1995-06-06
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Granted: 1996-05-28
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Expires: 2015-06-06
Abstract
Abstract Disclosed is an improved electrode suitable for the electrochemical regeneration of the co-enzymes NADH and NADPH. The electrode has imparted on its surface a mediator function which is a 3-phenylimino-3H-phenothiazine or a 3-phenylimino-3H-phenoxazine. Also disclosed is a method of improving the performance of a biochemical fuel cell which operates with a dehydrogenase as a catalyst and a co-enzyme as the energy-transferring redox couple which involves using the improved electrode in the fuel cell.
Inventors
- 👤 Michael L. Bloczynski
- 👤 Paul F. Corey
- 👤 Yingping Deng
- 👤 Alison J. Murray
- 👤 Matthew K. Musho
- 👤 Hans-Ulrich Siegmund
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 09:32
CPC Classifications
C; C12; C12Q; C12Q1/00; C12Q1/001; C12Q1/004; H; H01; H01M; H01M4/00; H01M4/86; H01M4/90; H01M4/9008; H01M8/00; H01M8/16; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/30; Y02E60/50; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/817
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 19
Claim 1
Independent Claim
52 words
An electrode for the electrochemical regeneration of the coenzymes dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) or analogs thereof characterized in that there has been imparted to the electrode surface a mediator function comprising one or more mediator compound selected from the group of substituted or unsubstituted 3-phenylimino-3H-phenothiazines and 3-phenylimino-3H-phenoxazines.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
52 words
An electrode for the electrochemical regeneration of the coenzymes dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) or analogs thereof characterized in that there has been imparted to the electrode surface a mediator function comprising one or more mediator compound selected from the group of substituted or unsubstituted 3-phenylimino-3H-phenothiazines and 3-phenylimino-3H-phenoxazines.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
59 words
An electrode as in claim 1 wherein the mediator is characterized by Formula I or Formula II: ##STR30## wherein R1 and R2 are substituents which serve to modulate the reduction-oxidation (redox) potential of the mediator, to vary the mediator's solubility or to function as a site for the covalent attachment of the mediator to a polymer or solid support.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
55 words
The electrode of claim 2 wherein R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, halo, haloalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aromatic and aliphatic keto, alkoxy, aryloxy, nitro, dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, sulfo and dihydroxyboron wherein the aliphatic and aromatic groups are substituted or unsubstituted.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
24 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein the electrode material is graphite, pyrolytic carbon, glassy carbon, platinum, gold or a composite made from these materials.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein the mediator is attached to a polymer.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
12 words
The electrode of claim 5 wherein the polymer is poly(methylvinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride).
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
41 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein the mediator is selected from the group comprised of: 3-(4'-chloro-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 3-(4'-diethylamino-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 3-(4'-ethyl-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 3-(4'-trifluoromethyl-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 3-(4'-methoxycarbonyl-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 3-(4'-nitro-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 3-(4'-methoxy-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 7-acetyl-3-(4'-methoxycarbonylphenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 7-trifluoromethyl-3-(4'-methoxycarbonylphenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 3-(4'-ω-carboxy-n-butyl-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 3-(4'-aminomethyl-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 3-(4'-(2"-(5"-(p-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoyl)phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 3-(4'-β-aminoethyl-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 6-(4'-ethylphenyl)amino-3-(4'-ethyl-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 6-(4'-[2-(2-ethanoloxy)ethoxy]ethoxyphenyl)amino-3-(4'-[2-(2-ethanoloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 3-(4'-[2-(2-ethanoloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 3-(4'-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazineboronic acid, (3-(3',5'-dicarboxy-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 3-(4'-carboxy-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine, 3-(3',5'-dicarboxy-phenylimino)-3H-phenoxazine, 3-(2',5'-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazinedisulfonic acid, and 3-(3-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazinesulfonic acid.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
10 words
The electrode of claim 7 wherein the mediator is 3-(4'-trifluoromethyl-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
10 words
The electrode of claim 7 wherein the mediator is 3-(4'-methoxycarbonyl-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
10 words
The electrode of claim 7 wherein the mediator is 3-(4'-ω-carboxy-n-butyl-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
10 words
The electrode of claim 7 wherein the mediator is 3-(4'-aminomethyl-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
10 words
The electrode of claim 7 wherein the mediator is 3-(4'-β-aminoethyl-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
10 words
The electrode of claim 7 wherein the mediator is 3-(3',5'-dicarboxy-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
10 words
The electrode of claim 7 wherein the mediator is 3-(3',5'-dicarboxy-phenylimino)-3H-phenoxazine
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
11 words
The electrode of claim 7 wherein the mediator is 3-(2',5'-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazinedisulfonic acid.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
11 words
The electrode of claim 7 wherein the mediator is 3-(3'-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazinesulfonic acid.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
12 words
The electrode of claim 5 wherein the mediator is 3-(4'-aminomethyl-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine or 3-(4'-β-aminoethyl-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
12 words
The electrode of claim 6 wherein the mediator is 3-(4'-aminomethyl-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine or 3-(4'-β-aminoethyl-phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazine.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1999-05-28 | 1999-11-27 | 2000-05-28 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2003-05-28 | 2003-11-27 | 2004-05-28 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2007-05-28 | 2007-11-27 | 2008-05-28 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |