US5500486A
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Physical model musical tone synthesis system employing filtered delay loop
Assignee: Leland Stanford Junior University
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Filing: 1993-07-13
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Granted: 1996-03-19
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Expires: 2013-07-13
Abstract
Abstract A tone synthesis system employs a filtered delay loop which is excited by an excitation signal. The excitation signal corresponds to the impulse response of a body filter to the system which is to be simulated. High quality tone synthesis can be achieved without the necessity of providing a complicated body filter.
Inventors
- 👤 Julius O. Smith, III
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 23:06
CPC Classifications
G; G10; G10H; G10H5/00; G10H5/007; G10H2250/00; G10H2250/041; G10H2250/055; G10H2250/111; G10H2250/315; G10H2250/441; G10H2250/471; G10H2250/511; G10H2250/521; G10H2250/541; G10H2250/621
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 41
Claim 1
Independent Claim
120 words
A tone synthesis system for synthesizing a tone simulating a tone produced by a vibrating element in conjunction with a resonant member to which the vibrating element is acoustically coupled, comprising: a closed loop including an input for receiving an excitation signal, a delay for delaying a signal circulating in the loop, and a filter for filtering a signal circulating in the loop and an output from the closed loop for providing a synthesized tone, wherein the amount of delay in the loop corresponds to the pitch of a tone to be synthesized; and excitation means for providing an excitation signal to the input, said excitation signal including a portion thereof corresponding to an impulse response of said resonant member.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
120 words
A tone synthesis system for synthesizing a tone simulating a tone produced by a vibrating element in conjunction with a resonant member to which the vibrating element is acoustically coupled, comprising: a closed loop including an input for receiving an excitation signal, a delay for delaying a signal circulating in the loop, and a filter for filtering a signal circulating in the loop and an output from the closed loop for providing a synthesized tone, wherein the amount of delay in the loop corresponds to the pitch of a tone to be synthesized; and excitation means for providing an excitation signal to the input, said excitation signal including a portion thereof corresponding to an impulse response of said resonant member.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
37 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 1 wherein the excitation means comprises at least one table storing value corresponding to said impulse response and trigger means for reading table values to initiate production of a tone.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
30 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 2 wherein the excitation means further includes a noise generator whose output is combined with the output of said at least one table.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
36 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 2 including plural tables storing values corresponding to different impulse responses and means for interpolating between plural table values based upon a performance parameter to provide the excitation signal.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
26 words
A tone synthesizer as in claim 4 wherein the vibrating element is a string which is plucked or struck to initiate vibrations in the resonant member.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
29 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 1, wherein said portion of said excitation signal corresponding to an impulse response of said resonant member comprises a damped oscillatory waveform.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
107 words
A tone synthesis system for synthesizing a tone simulating a tone produced by a vibrating element which excites a resonant system comprising: a closed loop including an input for receiving an excitation signal, a delay for delaying a signal circulating in the loop, a filter for filtering a signal circulating in the loop and an output for providing a synthesized tone, wherein the amount of delay in the loop corresponds to the pitch of a tone to be synthesized; and excitation means for providing an excitation signal to the input, the excitation signal having a form corresponding to a response of the resonant system to an excitation.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
107 words
A tone synthesis system for synthesizing a tone simulating a tone produced by a vibrating element which excites a resonant system comprising: a closed loop including an input for receiving an excitation signal, a delay for delaying a signal circulating in the loop, a filter for filtering a signal circulating in the loop and an output for providing a synthesized tone, wherein the amount of delay in the loop corresponds to the pitch of a tone to be synthesized; and excitation means for providing an excitation signal to the input, the excitation signal having a form corresponding to a response of the resonant system to an excitation.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 7 wherein the excitation means comprises a table whose values are read out in response to a trigger signal.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
17 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 8 wherein the excitation signal has a decaying oscillatory form.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
27 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 8 wherein the excitation signal is a phase-modified signal derived from a response of the resonant system to an excitation.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
20 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 8 wherein the table is read out repeatedly to provide a sustained tone.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
30 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 9 wherein the excitation is an impulse and the excitation signal has a form corresponding to an impulse response of the resonant system.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
26 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 11 wherein the excitation signal is comprised of a convolution of said impulse response and an arbitrary excitation function.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
74 words
A tone synthesis system comprising: a closed loop including an input for receiving an excitation signal, a delay for delaying a signal circulating in the loop, a filter for filtering a signal circulating in the loop and an output for providing a synthesized tone, wherein the amount of delay in the loop corresponds to the pitch of a tone to be synthesized; and means for providing said excitation signal having a decaying oscillatory form.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
74 words
A tone synthesis system comprising: a closed loop including an input for receiving an excitation signal, a delay for delaying a signal circulating in the loop, a filter for filtering a signal circulating in the loop and an output for providing a synthesized tone, wherein the amount of delay in the loop corresponds to the pitch of a tone to be synthesized; and means for providing said excitation signal having a decaying oscillatory form.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
24 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 14 wherein the means for providing an excitation signal comprises table means for storing the excitation signal.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
28 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 15 including means for providing a trigger signal to the table means to cause the table values to be read out.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
39 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 14 including at least one additional closed loop having at least one filter or delay characteristic different from the other closed loop(s), wherein the excitation signal is applied to each closed loop.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
34 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 14 wherein the closed loop includes two inputs for inputting the excitation signal at two different points in the closed loop separated by a predetermined delay amount.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
53 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 14 wherein the excitation means includes means for providing a basic excitation signal, means for delaying the basic excitation signal by a predetermined amount, and means for summing the delayed basic excitation signal and non-delayed basic excitation signal and providing the sum to the closed loop.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
47 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 14 further including a second excitation means for providing a second excitation signal in parallel with the excitation signal and means for summing the excitation signal and second excitation signal to provide a resultant excitation signal to the closed loop.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
44 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 14 further including a second excitation means for providing a second excitation signal in parallel with the excitation signal and means for interpolating between the parallel signals to provide an interpolated excitation signal to the closed loop.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
35 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 21 wherein the means for interpolating can variably interpolate between the parallel signals in response to a control signal and further including means for providing the control signal.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
31 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 22 wherein the closed loop corresponds to a plucked string and wherein the control signal represents a position at which the string is plucked.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
28 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 15 including means for automatically repeatedly triggering reading of the excitation signal from the table means to provide a sustained tone.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
13 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 24 wherein said triggering is periodic.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
14 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 24 wherein said triggering is near periodic.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
41 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 24 including means for continuing reading of any remaining portion of the excitation signal upon each triggering in parallel with renewed reading of the excitation signal and summing readings to form the excitation signal.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
104 words
A tone synthesis system comprising: a closed loop including an input for receiving an excitation signal, a delay for delaying a signal circulating in the loop, a filter for filtering a signal circulating in the loop and an output for providing a signal from the loop as a synthesized tone; excitation means for providing an excitation signal to the input of the closed loop in response to a trigger signal, the excitation means including plural excitation tables each storing a different excitation signal and means for mixing the outputs of the excitation tables in accordance with different weightings to provide a composite excitation signal.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
104 words
A tone synthesis system comprising: a closed loop including an input for receiving an excitation signal, a delay for delaying a signal circulating in the loop, a filter for filtering a signal circulating in the loop and an output for providing a signal from the loop as a synthesized tone; excitation means for providing an excitation signal to the input of the closed loop in response to a trigger signal, the excitation means including plural excitation tables each storing a different excitation signal and means for mixing the outputs of the excitation tables in accordance with different weightings to provide a composite excitation signal.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
21 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 28 wherein the excitation means includes means for varying the respective weightings over time.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
39 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 28 wherein the excitation means includes plural tables each storing a signal representing a different frequency component, whereby different frequency components may be mixed at different weightings to provide a desired excitation.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
108 words
A tone synthesis system comprising: a closed loop including an input for receiving an excitation signal, a delay for delaying a signal circulating in the loop, a filter for filtering a signal circulating in the loop and an output for providing a signal from the loop; excitation means for providing an excitation signal to the input of the closed loop in response to a trigger signal; attack means for providing an attack signal, representing an initial portion of a tone to be synthesized, in response to the trigger signal; and means for adding the attack signal and the output of the closed loop to form a synthesized tone.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
108 words
A tone synthesis system comprising: a closed loop including an input for receiving an excitation signal, a delay for delaying a signal circulating in the loop, a filter for filtering a signal circulating in the loop and an output for providing a signal from the loop; excitation means for providing an excitation signal to the input of the closed loop in response to a trigger signal; attack means for providing an attack signal, representing an initial portion of a tone to be synthesized, in response to the trigger signal; and means for adding the attack signal and the output of the closed loop to form a synthesized tone.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
29 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 31 wherein the excitation means and attack means are each comprised of a table storing the excitation signal and attack signal, respectively.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
87 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 31 wherein the system is a digital system in which the attack means provides the attack signal at a first sampling rate and the closed loop provides samples at its output at a second sampling rate which is less than the first sampling rate, wherein the system further comprises resampling means for resampling the output of the closed loop to provide samples at the first sampling rate, wherein the output of the resampling means is provided to the adding means.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
28 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 32 wherein the attack signal includes components of a frequency higher than those capable of being generated in the closed loop.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
60 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 32 wherein the attack signal has a duration less than the duration of the output of the closed loop in response to any excitation signal, whereby the attack signal is a component of only an initial portion of a synthesized tone and thereafter the synthesized tone is derived solely from the closed loop.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
21 words
A tone synthesis system as in claim 31, wherein said attack means generates said attack signal independent from said closed loop.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1999-03-19 | 1999-09-18 | 2000-03-19 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2003-03-19 | 2003-09-18 | 2004-03-19 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2007-03-19 | 2007-09-18 | 2008-03-19 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |