US5498542A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Electrode mediators for regeneration of NADH and NADPH
Assignee: Bayer Corp
•
Filing: 1994-09-29
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Granted: 1996-03-12
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Expires: 2014-09-29
Abstract
Abstract Disclosed is an electrode suitable for the electrochemical regeneration of the co-enzymes NADH and NADPH. The electrode has imparted on its surface a mediator function which is a 3-methylene-3H-phenothiazine or a 3-methylene-3H-phenoxazine compound.
Inventors
- 👤 Paul F. Corey
- 👤 Matthew K. Musho
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 19:31
CPC Classifications
C; C12; C12P; C12P1/00; C07; C07D; C07D279/00; C07D279/10; C07D279/14; C07D279/18; C12Q; C12Q1/00; C12Q1/001; C12Q1/004; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/817
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
89 words
An electrode for the electrochemical regeneration of the coenzymes dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) or analogs thereof wherein there has been imparted to the electrode surface a mediator comprising one or more mediator compounds selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted 3-methylene-3H-phenothiazine and 3-methylene-3H-phenoxazine compounds represented by the formula: ##STR18## wherein Z is oxygen or sulfur, R is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halo, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, keto, carboxy or alkoxycarbonyl and X and Y are electron withdrawing groups.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
89 words
An electrode for the electrochemical regeneration of the coenzymes dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) or analogs thereof wherein there has been imparted to the electrode surface a mediator comprising one or more mediator compounds selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted 3-methylene-3H-phenothiazine and 3-methylene-3H-phenoxazine compounds represented by the formula: ##STR18## wherein Z is oxygen or sulfur, R is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halo, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, keto, carboxy or alkoxycarbonyl and X and Y are electron withdrawing groups.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
32 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein the aryl group is phenyl, naphthyl or pyridyl; the halo group is fluoro, chloro or bromo and the alkoxy group contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
42 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein X and Y are independently cyano, aliphatic or aromatic keto, aliphatic or aromatic ester, substituted or unsubstituted amido, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, trifluoromethylketo, nitro, lower alkylsulfonyl, trifluoromethylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, lower alkylketo, lower alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, polyhaloalkyl, perfluorophenyl, 2-benzoxazolyl, 2-benzthiazolyl or 5-Cl-tetrazolyl.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein X and Y together make up a cyclic 1,3 ketone; a cyclic ester or a cyclic amide.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein the mediator is represented by the formula: ##STR19##
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein the mediator is represented by the formula: ##STR20##
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein the mediator is represented by the formula: ##STR21##
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein the mediator is represented by the formula: ##STR22##
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein the mediator is represented by the formula: ##STR23##
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein the mediator is represented by the formula: ##STR24##
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein the mediator is represented by the formula: ##STR25##
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein the mediator is represented by the formula: ##STR26##
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein the mediator is represented by the formula: ##STR27##
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein the mediator is represented by the formula: ##STR28##
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 1 comprising graphite, pyrolytic carbon, glassy carbon, platinum or gold.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4490464A
Cited
US4710570A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1999-03-12 | 1999-09-11 | 2000-03-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2003-03-12 | 2003-09-11 | 2004-03-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2007-03-12 | 2007-09-11 | 2008-03-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |