US5450017A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Test fixture having translator for grid interface
Assignee: Delaware Capital Formation Inc
•
Filing: 1993-12-03
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Granted: 1995-09-12
•
Expires: 2013-12-03
Abstract
Abstract A circuit board tester for converting a bare board circuit tester from a wired to a grid type tester comprises an upper probe plate having a plurality of upper test probes arranged to connect with a front side of a PCB and a grid module having a lower probe plate containing a recessed portion for accommodating a plurality of lower test probes mounted on a translator fixture. The lower test probes connect at one end with a plurality of grid pins arranged in a standard grid pattern in the recessed portion of the lower probe plate. The lower test probes connect at the other end with a back side of the circuit board under test. A stripper plate is disposed on the lower pin grid, and the translator fixture is mounted on the stripper plate for translating the lower test probes from the standard grid pattern to a random off-grid pattern corresponding with test points in circuits on the back side of the board. The upper and lower test probes are electrically connected to upper and lower probe plate interface pins which facilitate electrical connection with the circuit tester electronics. A circuit board is tested by connecting the grid fixture to receiver interface pins on an external electronic test analyzer, placing the board on the translator fixture, lowering the upper probe plate toward the lower probe plate, and applying pressure between the plates. The grid module can be interchanged with a wired test fixture for selectively testing boards either in a wired test configuration or a grid type configuration.
Inventors
- 👤 Mark A. Swart
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 18:08
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01R; G01R1/00; G01R1/02; G01R1/06; G01R1/067; G01R1/073; G01R1/07307; G01R1/07364; G01R1/07378
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
408 words
A modular dual side access circuit board tester adapted for conversion between a wired type tester and a grid type tester, either of which is connected to test circuits in a common electronic test analyzer for testing the electrical continuity of the printed circuit board, the circuit board tester including: a receiver base having receiver interface probes connected to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer; a housing removably mounted in an opening in the receiver base; a lower probe plate on the housing having an array of lower probe plate interface pins for releasable connection to the receiver interface probes when the housing is removably mounted in the opening of the receiver base; an upper probe plate mounted on the housing and having a plurality of upper test probes for connection with predetermined test points in circuits on a front side of the printed circuit board; means for electrically connecting test signals from the upper test probes to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer; the lower probe plate mounted on the housing below the upper probe plate and having a recessed opening facing toward the upper probe plate with a grid array of grid pins in a base of the recessed opening; a translator fixture removably disposed within the recessed opening of the lower probe plate, the translator fixture comprising upper and lower probe support plates arranged to removably support a plurality of lower test probes which are reconfigurable in the probe support plates for defining a selected probe pattern on an upper side and a grid pattern on a lower side of the translator fixture, the translator fixture disposed within the recessed opening for releasably connecting the selected probe pattern of lower test probes to a predetermined pattern of test points in circuits on a back side of the printed circuit board and for releasably connecting the grid pattern of lower test probes to the grid array of grid pins in the recessed opening of the lower probe plate, the translator fixture thereby providing means for translating test signals through the lower test probes from the grid array of grid pins in said recessed opening to the predetermined pattern of test points on the back side of the printed circuit board; and means within the housing for electrically connecting test signals from the grid pins to the lower probe plate interface pins for communication with the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
408 words
A modular dual side access circuit board tester adapted for conversion between a wired type tester and a grid type tester, either of which is connected to test circuits in a common electronic test analyzer for testing the electrical continuity of the printed circuit board, the circuit board tester including: a receiver base having receiver interface probes connected to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer; a housing removably mounted in an opening in the receiver base; a lower probe plate on the housing having an array of lower probe plate interface pins for releasable connection to the receiver interface probes when the housing is removably mounted in the opening of the receiver base; an upper probe plate mounted on the housing and having a plurality of upper test probes for connection with predetermined test points in circuits on a front side of the printed circuit board; means for electrically connecting test signals from the upper test probes to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer; the lower probe plate mounted on the housing below the upper probe plate and having a recessed opening facing toward the upper probe plate with a grid array of grid pins in a base of the recessed opening; a translator fixture removably disposed within the recessed opening of the lower probe plate, the translator fixture comprising upper and lower probe support plates arranged to removably support a plurality of lower test probes which are reconfigurable in the probe support plates for defining a selected probe pattern on an upper side and a grid pattern on a lower side of the translator fixture, the translator fixture disposed within the recessed opening for releasably connecting the selected probe pattern of lower test probes to a predetermined pattern of test points in circuits on a back side of the printed circuit board and for releasably connecting the grid pattern of lower test probes to the grid array of grid pins in the recessed opening of the lower probe plate, the translator fixture thereby providing means for translating test signals through the lower test probes from the grid array of grid pins in said recessed opening to the predetermined pattern of test points on the back side of the printed circuit board; and means within the housing for electrically connecting test signals from the grid pins to the lower probe plate interface pins for communication with the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
40 words
Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the upper test probes are electrically connected to corresponding interface pins arranged on the upper probe plate for providing electrical interconnection of test signals between the upper test probes and the electronic test analyzer.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
72 words
Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the grid pins comprise spring probes, and wherein the lower probe plate contains a dielectric stripper plate removably disposed below the translator fixture and over the array of grid pins in the recessed portion of the lower probe plate, the stripper plate having a hole pattern for receiving portions of the grid pins for spring biased alignment with the lower test probes on the translator fixture.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
43 words
Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the upper probe plate includes upper interface pins hard-wired internally within the upper probe plate to the upper test probes, the upper interface pins being electrically connected to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
503 words
A modular dual side access circuit board tester adapted for conversion between a wired type tester and a grid type tester, either of which is connected to test circuits in a common electronic test analyzer for testing the electrical continuity of the printed circuit board, the circuit board tester including: a receiver base having receiver interface probes connected to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer; a housing removably mounted in an opening in the receiver base; a lower probe plate on the housing having an array of lower probe plate interface pins for releasable connection to the receiver interface probes when the housing in removably mounted in the opening of the receiver base; an upper probe plate mounted on the housing and having a plurality of upper test probes for connection with predetermined test points in circuits on a front side of the printed circuit board; means for electrically connecting test signals from the upper test probes to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer; the lower probe plate mounted on the housing below the upper probe plate and having a recessed opening facing toward the upper probe plate with a grid array of grid pins in a base of the recessed opening, the upper probe plate having an open position to provide access to the recessed opening and a closed position that covers the recessed opening; a translator fixture removably disposed within the recessed opening of the lower probe plate, the translator fixture comprising upper and lower probe support plates arranged to removably support a plurality of lower test probes which are reconfigurable in the probe support plates for defining a selected probe pattern on an upper side and a grid pattern on a lower side of the translator fixture, the printed circuit board being positionable on the upper side of the translator fixture when the upper probe plate is in the open position, the translator fixture disposed within the recessed opening for releasably connecting the selected probe pattern of lower test probes to a predetermined pattern of test points in circuits on a back side of the printed circuit board and for releasably connecting the grid pattern of lower test probes to the grid array of grid pins in the recessed opening of the lower probe plate, the upper probe plate movable to the closed position for connecting the upper test probes to the circuits on the front side of the board, the translator fixture providing means for translating test signals through the lower test probes from the grid array of grid pins in said recessed opening to the predetermined pattern of test points on the back side of the printed circuit board; and means within the housing for electrically connecting test signals from the grid pins to the lower probe plate interface pins for communication with the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer, the test signals from the upper test probes communicated to the electronic test analyzer independently of the test probes in the translator fixture.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
503 words
A modular dual side access circuit board tester adapted for conversion between a wired type tester and a grid type tester, either of which is connected to test circuits in a common electronic test analyzer for testing the electrical continuity of the printed circuit board, the circuit board tester including: a receiver base having receiver interface probes connected to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer; a housing removably mounted in an opening in the receiver base; a lower probe plate on the housing having an array of lower probe plate interface pins for releasable connection to the receiver interface probes when the housing in removably mounted in the opening of the receiver base; an upper probe plate mounted on the housing and having a plurality of upper test probes for connection with predetermined test points in circuits on a front side of the printed circuit board; means for electrically connecting test signals from the upper test probes to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer; the lower probe plate mounted on the housing below the upper probe plate and having a recessed opening facing toward the upper probe plate with a grid array of grid pins in a base of the recessed opening, the upper probe plate having an open position to provide access to the recessed opening and a closed position that covers the recessed opening; a translator fixture removably disposed within the recessed opening of the lower probe plate, the translator fixture comprising upper and lower probe support plates arranged to removably support a plurality of lower test probes which are reconfigurable in the probe support plates for defining a selected probe pattern on an upper side and a grid pattern on a lower side of the translator fixture, the printed circuit board being positionable on the upper side of the translator fixture when the upper probe plate is in the open position, the translator fixture disposed within the recessed opening for releasably connecting the selected probe pattern of lower test probes to a predetermined pattern of test points in circuits on a back side of the printed circuit board and for releasably connecting the grid pattern of lower test probes to the grid array of grid pins in the recessed opening of the lower probe plate, the upper probe plate movable to the closed position for connecting the upper test probes to the circuits on the front side of the board, the translator fixture providing means for translating test signals through the lower test probes from the grid array of grid pins in said recessed opening to the predetermined pattern of test points on the back side of the printed circuit board; and means within the housing for electrically connecting test signals from the grid pins to the lower probe plate interface pins for communication with the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer, the test signals from the upper test probes communicated to the electronic test analyzer independently of the test probes in the translator fixture.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
40 words
Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein the upper test probes are electrically connected to corresponding interface pins arranged on the upper probe plate for providing electrical interconnection of test signals between the upper test probes and the electronic test analyzer.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
72 words
Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein the grid pins comprise spring probes, and wherein the lower probe plate contains a dielectric stripper plate removably disposed below the translator fixture and over the array of grid pins in the recessed portion of the lower probe plate, the stripper plate having a hole pattern for receiving portions of the grid pins for spring biased alignment with the lower test probes on the translator fixture.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
45 words
Apparatus according to claim 5 in which the upper probe plate includes upper interface pins hard-wired internally within the upper probe plate to the upper test probes, the upper probe plate interface pins being electrically connected to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
461 words
A modular circuit board tester for converting from a wired type tester to a grid type tester for performing dual access electrical testing of both sides of a printed circuit board in which either tester is electrically connected to test circuits in a common electronic test analyzer for performing high speed testing of circuits on the circuit board, the circuit board tester comprising: a receiver base having receiver interface probes connected to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer; a housing removably mounted in an opening in the receiver base; a lower probe plate on the housing having an array of lower probe plate interface pins for releasable connection to the receiver interface probes when the housing in removably mounted in the opening of the receiver base; an upper probe plate mounted on the housing and having a plurality of electrically conductive upper test probes arranged in a pattern corresponding to a predetermined pattern of test points on a front side of the printed circuit board; the lower probe plate mounted on the housing below the upper probe plate, the housing having a recessed portion facing toward the upper probe plate, and a grid array of lower grid pins arranged within the recessed portion of the housing; a translator fixture removably disposed within the recessed portion of the housing, the translator fixture comprising upper and lower probe support plates arranged to removably support a plurality of lower test probes which are reconfigurable in the probe support plates for defining a selected probe pattern on an upper side and a grid pattern on a lower side of the translator fixture, the translator fixture disposed within the recessed opening for releasably connecting the selected probe pattern of lower test probes to a predetermined pattern of test points in circuits on a back side of the printed circuit board and for releasably connecting the grid pattern of lower test probes to the grid array of grid pins in the recessed portion of the housing, the translator fixture thereby providing means for translating test signals through the lower test probes from the grid array of grid pins in said recessed portion to the predetermined pattern of test points on the back side of the printed circuit board; a plurality of upper probe plate interface pins electrically connected to the upper test probes and disposed on the upper probe plate for facilitating interconnection with a releasable test head for communicating test signals from the upper test probes to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer independently of the lower test probes; and means within the housing for electrically connecting test signals from the grid pins to the lower probe plate interface pins for facilitating interconnection with the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
461 words
A modular circuit board tester for converting from a wired type tester to a grid type tester for performing dual access electrical testing of both sides of a printed circuit board in which either tester is electrically connected to test circuits in a common electronic test analyzer for performing high speed testing of circuits on the circuit board, the circuit board tester comprising: a receiver base having receiver interface probes connected to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer; a housing removably mounted in an opening in the receiver base; a lower probe plate on the housing having an array of lower probe plate interface pins for releasable connection to the receiver interface probes when the housing in removably mounted in the opening of the receiver base; an upper probe plate mounted on the housing and having a plurality of electrically conductive upper test probes arranged in a pattern corresponding to a predetermined pattern of test points on a front side of the printed circuit board; the lower probe plate mounted on the housing below the upper probe plate, the housing having a recessed portion facing toward the upper probe plate, and a grid array of lower grid pins arranged within the recessed portion of the housing; a translator fixture removably disposed within the recessed portion of the housing, the translator fixture comprising upper and lower probe support plates arranged to removably support a plurality of lower test probes which are reconfigurable in the probe support plates for defining a selected probe pattern on an upper side and a grid pattern on a lower side of the translator fixture, the translator fixture disposed within the recessed opening for releasably connecting the selected probe pattern of lower test probes to a predetermined pattern of test points in circuits on a back side of the printed circuit board and for releasably connecting the grid pattern of lower test probes to the grid array of grid pins in the recessed portion of the housing, the translator fixture thereby providing means for translating test signals through the lower test probes from the grid array of grid pins in said recessed portion to the predetermined pattern of test points on the back side of the printed circuit board; a plurality of upper probe plate interface pins electrically connected to the upper test probes and disposed on the upper probe plate for facilitating interconnection with a releasable test head for communicating test signals from the upper test probes to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer independently of the lower test probes; and means within the housing for electrically connecting test signals from the grid pins to the lower probe plate interface pins for facilitating interconnection with the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
40 words
Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the upper test probes are electrically connected to corresponding interface pins arranged on the upper probe plate for providing electrical interconnection of test signals between the upper test probes and the electronic test analyzer.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
75 words
Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the lower grid pins comprise spring probes, and wherein the lower probe plate contains a dielectric stripper plate removably disposed below the translator fixture and over the array of lower grid pins in the recessed portion of the lower probe plate, the stripper plate having a hole pattern for receiving portions of the lower grid pins for spring biased alignment with the lower test probes on the translator fixture.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
43 words
Apparatus according to claim 9 in which the upper probe plate includes upper interface pins hard-wired internally within the upper probe plate to the upper test probes, the upper interface pins being electrically connected to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
428 words
A modular circuit board tester for simultaneously testing the electrical continuity of circuits disposed on both sides of a printed circuit board, the circuit board tester being capable of interchangeably accommodating a wired test fixture and a grid test fixture for connection to test circuits in an electronic test analyzer, the circuit board tester comprising: a receiver base having receiver interface probes connected to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer; a housing removably mounted in an opening in the receiver base; a lower probe plate on the housing having an array of lower probe plate interface pins for releasable connection to the receiver interface probes when the housing in removably mounted in the opening of the receiver base; an upper probe plate mounted on the housing and having a plurality of upper test probes for communicating with a front side of the printed circuit board; the lower probe plate mounted on the housing below the upper probe plate and comprising a recessed portion having at its base a grid array of lower grid pins facing toward the upper probe plate the upper probe plate having an open position for accessing the recessed portion of the lower probe plate and a closed position for closing over said recessed portion during testing; a translator fixture movably disposed within the recessed portion of the lower probe plate, the translator fixture comprising upper and lower probe support plates arranged to removably support a plurality of lower test probes which are reconfigurable in the probe support plates for defining a selected probe pattern on an upper side and a grid pattern on a lower side of the translator fixture, the translator fixture disposed within the recessed portion of the lower probe plate for releasably connecting the selected probe pattern of lower test probes to a predetermined pattern of test points in circuits on a back side of the printed circuit board and for releasably connecting the grid pattern of lower test probes to the grid array of grid pins in the recessed portion of the lower probe plate for translating test signals from the grid pins to the test points on the back side of the circuit board; the upper probe plate moving to the closed position for contact between the upper test probes and the front side of the circuit board; means for electrically connecting the upper test probes to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer; and means within the housing for electrically connecting test signals from the lower grid pins to the lower probe plate interface pins.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
428 words
A modular circuit board tester for simultaneously testing the electrical continuity of circuits disposed on both sides of a printed circuit board, the circuit board tester being capable of interchangeably accommodating a wired test fixture and a grid test fixture for connection to test circuits in an electronic test analyzer, the circuit board tester comprising: a receiver base having receiver interface probes connected to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer; a housing removably mounted in an opening in the receiver base; a lower probe plate on the housing having an array of lower probe plate interface pins for releasable connection to the receiver interface probes when the housing in removably mounted in the opening of the receiver base; an upper probe plate mounted on the housing and having a plurality of upper test probes for communicating with a front side of the printed circuit board; the lower probe plate mounted on the housing below the upper probe plate and comprising a recessed portion having at its base a grid array of lower grid pins facing toward the upper probe plate the upper probe plate having an open position for accessing the recessed portion of the lower probe plate and a closed position for closing over said recessed portion during testing; a translator fixture movably disposed within the recessed portion of the lower probe plate, the translator fixture comprising upper and lower probe support plates arranged to removably support a plurality of lower test probes which are reconfigurable in the probe support plates for defining a selected probe pattern on an upper side and a grid pattern on a lower side of the translator fixture, the translator fixture disposed within the recessed portion of the lower probe plate for releasably connecting the selected probe pattern of lower test probes to a predetermined pattern of test points in circuits on a back side of the printed circuit board and for releasably connecting the grid pattern of lower test probes to the grid array of grid pins in the recessed portion of the lower probe plate for translating test signals from the grid pins to the test points on the back side of the circuit board; the upper probe plate moving to the closed position for contact between the upper test probes and the front side of the circuit board; means for electrically connecting the upper test probes to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer; and means within the housing for electrically connecting test signals from the lower grid pins to the lower probe plate interface pins.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
545 words
A method for converting a circuit board tester from a dual side access wired type tester to a dual side access grid type tester for testing the electrical continuity of both sides of a printed circuit board, the method comprising the steps of: providing a circuit board tester having an electronic test analyzer with test circuits for testing a printed circuit board mounted in the circuit board tester; providing a wired type test fixture in the circuit board tester, the wired type test fixture having an upper probe plate connected to an upper interface connector of the circuit board tester for communicating test signals from an upper side of the printed circuit board to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer, the circuit board tester further containing a receiver base having receiver interface probes connected to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer, and an opening in the receiver base for removably receiving the wired type test fixture for connection to the receiver interface probes for thereby communicating with the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer; disconnecting the upper probe plate of the wired type test fixture from the circuit board tester; disconnecting the lower probe plate of the wired type test fixture from the receiver interface probes of the circuit board tester; providing a grid type test fixture having a housing, a lower probe plate on the housing having an array of lower probe plate interface pins, an upper probe plate mounted on the housing and having a plurality of upper test probes, the lower probe plate having a recessed opening facing toward the upper probe plate and containing a grid array of grid pins in a base of the recessed opening: installing the grid type test fixture in the opening of the receiver base previously occupied by the wired type test fixture; electrically connecting the upper probe plate of the grid type test fixture to the upper interface connector of the circuit board tester; providing a translator fixture comprising upper and lower support plates arranged to removably support a plurality of lower test probes which are reconfigurable in the probe support plates for defining a selected probe pattern on an upper side and a grid pattern on a lower side of the translator fixture; electrically connecting the lower probe plate interface pins of the lower probe plate of the grid type test fixture to the receiver interface probes of the circuit board tester; mounting the translator fixture in the recessed opening and releasably connecting the selected probe pattern of lower test probes to a predetermined pattern of test points in the circuits on the back side of the circuit board and for releasably connecting the grid pattern of lower test probes to the grid array of grid pins in the recessed portion of the housing, the translator fixture thereby providing means for translating test signals through the lower test probes from the grid array of grid pins in the recessed opening of the lower probe plate to the pattern of test points on the back side of the printed circuit board; and releasably connecting the upper test probes of the upper probe plate to the top side of the circuit board for communicating test signals to the electronic test analyzer.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
545 words
A method for converting a circuit board tester from a dual side access wired type tester to a dual side access grid type tester for testing the electrical continuity of both sides of a printed circuit board, the method comprising the steps of: providing a circuit board tester having an electronic test analyzer with test circuits for testing a printed circuit board mounted in the circuit board tester; providing a wired type test fixture in the circuit board tester, the wired type test fixture having an upper probe plate connected to an upper interface connector of the circuit board tester for communicating test signals from an upper side of the printed circuit board to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer, the circuit board tester further containing a receiver base having receiver interface probes connected to the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer, and an opening in the receiver base for removably receiving the wired type test fixture for connection to the receiver interface probes for thereby communicating with the test circuits in the electronic test analyzer; disconnecting the upper probe plate of the wired type test fixture from the circuit board tester; disconnecting the lower probe plate of the wired type test fixture from the receiver interface probes of the circuit board tester; providing a grid type test fixture having a housing, a lower probe plate on the housing having an array of lower probe plate interface pins, an upper probe plate mounted on the housing and having a plurality of upper test probes, the lower probe plate having a recessed opening facing toward the upper probe plate and containing a grid array of grid pins in a base of the recessed opening: installing the grid type test fixture in the opening of the receiver base previously occupied by the wired type test fixture; electrically connecting the upper probe plate of the grid type test fixture to the upper interface connector of the circuit board tester; providing a translator fixture comprising upper and lower support plates arranged to removably support a plurality of lower test probes which are reconfigurable in the probe support plates for defining a selected probe pattern on an upper side and a grid pattern on a lower side of the translator fixture; electrically connecting the lower probe plate interface pins of the lower probe plate of the grid type test fixture to the receiver interface probes of the circuit board tester; mounting the translator fixture in the recessed opening and releasably connecting the selected probe pattern of lower test probes to a predetermined pattern of test points in the circuits on the back side of the circuit board and for releasably connecting the grid pattern of lower test probes to the grid array of grid pins in the recessed portion of the housing, the translator fixture thereby providing means for translating test signals through the lower test probes from the grid array of grid pins in the recessed opening of the lower probe plate to the pattern of test points on the back side of the printed circuit board; and releasably connecting the upper test probes of the upper probe plate to the top side of the circuit board for communicating test signals to the electronic test analyzer.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
36 words
Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the lower test probes comprise separate test pins mounted in hole patterns in the upper and lower support plates to translate between an off-grid pattern and an on-grid pattern.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
40 words
Apparatus according to claim 5 including a peripheral seal on the upper probe plate for maintaining a vacuum seal in its closed position for producing pressure contact of the test probes with the front and back sides of the board.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
36 words
Apparatus according to claim 16 in which the lower test probes comprise separate test pins mounted in hole patterns in the upper and lower support plates to translate between an off-grid pattern and an on-grid pattern.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1998-09-11 | 1999-03-13 | 1999-09-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2002-09-11 | 2003-03-13 | 2003-09-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2006-09-11 | 2007-03-13 | 2007-09-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |