US5436653A — Method and system for recognition of broadcast se…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 173 words

A method of broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; monitoring a broadcast segment; forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; comparing the another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween; and evaluating the validity of the match of the monitored broadcast segment by carrying out at least one of: (a) determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded by predetermined signal events; (b) determining whether the monitored broadcast segment overlaps another monitored broadcast segment for which a match has been accepted in accordance with predetermined criteria; (c) determining whether the match conforms with a predetermined profile of false matching segments; and (d) determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded on at least one boundary of the monitored broadcast segment by a predetermined signal event.

Claim 2

Independent Claim 173 words

A method of broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; monitoring a broadcast segment; forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; comparing the another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween; and evaluating the validity of the match of the monitored broadcast segment by carrying out at least one of: (a) determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded by predetermined signal events; (b) determining whether the monitored broadcast segment overlaps another monitored broadcast segment for which a match has been accepted in accordance with predetermined criteria; (c) determining whether the match conforms with a predetermined profile of false matching segments; and (d) determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded on at least one boundary of the monitored broadcast segment by a predetermined signal event.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 29 words

The method of claim 1, wherein the step of evaluating the validity of a match comprises determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded by predetermined signal events.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 40 words

The method of claim 2, wherein the step of determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded by predetermined signal events comprises determining whether the signature of a temporally adjacent monitored broadcast segment matches a signature in said database.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 40 words

The method of claim 1, wherein the step of evaluating the validity of a match comprises determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded on at least one boundary of the monitored broadcast segment by a predetermined signal event.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 70 words

The method of claim 4, wherein the step of forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment comprises forming a signature from a video signal of said monitored broadcast segment, and the step of determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded on at least one boundary comprises determining whether the video signal is temporally bounded on at least one boundary of the monitored broadcast segment by a fade-to-black.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 41 words

The method of claim 4, wherein the step of determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded on at least one boundary comprises determining whether the signature of a temporally adjacent monitored broadcast segment matches a signature in said database.

Claim 8

Independent Claim 131 words

A method of broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; monitoring a broadcast segment; forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment from a video signal of said monitored broadcast segment; comparing the another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween; and evaluating the validity of the match of the monitored broadcast segment by determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded by predetermined signal events including determining whether the video signal of the monitored broadcast segment includes a fade-to-black at at least one boundary thereof.

Claim 9

Independent Claim 131 words

A method of broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; monitoring a broadcast segment; forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment from a video signal of said monitored broadcast segment; comparing the another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween; and evaluating the validity of the match of the monitored broadcast segment by determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded by predetermined signal events including determining whether the video signal of the monitored broadcast segment includes a fade-to-black at at least one boundary thereof.

Claim 10

Independent Claim 107 words

A method of broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signature; monitoring a broadcast segment; forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; comparing the another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween; and evaluating the validity of the match by determining whether the monitored broadcast segment overlaps another monitored broadcast segment for which a match has been accepted in accordance with predetermined criteria.

Claim 11

Independent Claim 107 words

A method of broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signature; monitoring a broadcast segment; forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; comparing the another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween; and evaluating the validity of the match by determining whether the monitored broadcast segment overlaps another monitored broadcast segment for which a match has been accepted in accordance with predetermined criteria.

Claim 12

Independent Claim 97 words

A method of broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; monitoring a broadcast segment; forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; comparing the another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween; and evaluating the validity of the match by determining whether the match conforms with a predetermined profile of false matching segments.

Claim 13

Independent Claim 97 words

A method of broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; monitoring a broadcast segment; forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; comparing the another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween; and evaluating the validity of the match by determining whether the match conforms with a predetermined profile of false matching segments.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 85 words

The method of claim 9, wherein the step of determining whether the match conforms with a predetermined profile of false matching segments comprises forming said profile of false matching segments based upon at least one of (1) the length of the monitored broadcast segment, (2) the dissimilarity of said at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database from other signatures in the database and (3) the dissimilarity among predetermined data within said at least one of the broadcast segment signatures as produced.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 111 words

The method of claim 9, wherein the step of comparing the signatures comprises determining a difference between the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment and the at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database and comparing the determined difference with a predetermined error threshold value corresponding with the at least one of the broadcast segment signatures, and wherein the step of determining whether the match conforms with a predetermined profile of false matching segments comprises forming said profile of false matching segments based upon at least one of (1) said predetermined error threshold value, and (2) a difference between said predetermined error threshold value and said determined difference.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 92 words

The method of claim 11, wherein the step of forming said profile of false matching segments comprises forming a linear combination of values representing (1) said predetermined error threshold value, (2) said difference between said predetermined error threshold value and said determined difference, (3) the length of the monitored broadcast segment, (4) the dissimilarities of said at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database from other signatures in the database, and (5) the dissimilarity among predetermined data within said at least one of the broadcast segment signatures as produced.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 181 words

A broadcast segment recognition system, comprising: means for producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; means for storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; means for monitoring a broadcast segment; means for forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; means for comparing the another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween; and means for evaluating the validity of the match of the monitored broadcast segment by carrying out at least one of: (a) determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded by predetermined signal events; (b) determining whether the monitored broadcast segment overlaps another monitored broadcast segment for which a match has been accepted in accordance with predetermined criteria; (c) determining whether the match conforms with a predetermined profile of false matching segments; and (d) determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded on at least one boundary of the monitored broadcast segment by a predetermined signal event.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 181 words

A broadcast segment recognition system, comprising: means for producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; means for storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; means for monitoring a broadcast segment; means for forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; means for comparing the another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween; and means for evaluating the validity of the match of the monitored broadcast segment by carrying out at least one of: (a) determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded by predetermined signal events; (b) determining whether the monitored broadcast segment overlaps another monitored broadcast segment for which a match has been accepted in accordance with predetermined criteria; (c) determining whether the match conforms with a predetermined profile of false matching segments; and (d) determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded on at least one boundary of the monitored broadcast segment by a predetermined signal event.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 31 words

The system of claim 13, wherein the means for evaluating the validity of the match is operative to determine whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded by predetermined signal events.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 35 words

The system of claim 14, wherein the means for evaluating the validity of a match is operative to determine whether the signature of a temporally adjacent monitored broadcast segment matches a signature in said database.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 42 words

The system of claim 13, wherein the means for evaluating the validity of the match is operative to determine whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded on at least one boundary of the monitored broadcast segment by a predetermined signal event.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 66 words

The system of claim 16, wherein the means for forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast signal is operative to form a signature from a video signal of said monitored broadcast segment, and the means for evaluating the validity of the match is operative to determine whether the video signal is temporally bounded on at least one boundary of the monitored broadcast segment by a fade-to-black.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 35 words

The system of claim 16, wherein the means for evaluating the validity of a match is operative to determine whether the signature of a temporally adjacent monitored broadcast segment matches a signature in said database.

Claim 24

Independent Claim 153 words

A method of broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; monitoring a broadcast segment; forming a signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; comparing the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with each of a plurality of broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween in accordance with a first error tolerance level; evaluating whether the match falls within a class of questionably acceptable matches based upon predetermined evaluation criteria; and if the match falls within said class of questionably acceptable matches, comparing the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with the matching broadcast segment signature of the database utilizing a second error tolerance level accepting matches having relatively higher error levels than matches acceptable in accordance with the first error tolerance level.

Claim 25

Independent Claim 153 words

A method of broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; monitoring a broadcast segment; forming a signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; comparing the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with each of a plurality of broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween in accordance with a first error tolerance level; evaluating whether the match falls within a class of questionably acceptable matches based upon predetermined evaluation criteria; and if the match falls within said class of questionably acceptable matches, comparing the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with the matching broadcast segment signature of the database utilizing a second error tolerance level accepting matches having relatively higher error levels than matches acceptable in accordance with the first error tolerance level.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 89 words

The method of claim 19, wherein the step of evaluating whether the match falls within a class of questionably acceptable matches comprises at least one of determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded at only one end thereof by at least one of a plurality of predetermined signal events and determining, for a monitored broadcast segment which is bounded on neither end by said at least one of a plurality of predetermined signal events, whether said monitored broadcast segment fits a predetermined profile of false matching segments.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 60 words

The method of claim 20, wherein the step of determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded at only one end thereof by at least one of a plurality of predetermined signal events comprises determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded on only one end by another monitored broadcast segment which matches a signature in said database.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 98 words

The method of claim 21, wherein the step of forming a signature representing the monitored broadcast segment comprises forming a signature from a video signal of said monitored broadcast segment and the step of determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded on only one end thereof by at least one of a plurality of predetermined signal events comprises determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is bounded on only one end thereof by at least one of (1) another monitored broadcast segment which matches a signature in said database, and (2) a fade-to-black of said video signal.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 183 words

The method of claim 19, wherein the step of producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized comprises forming first and second signatures from audio and video signals, respectively, of said each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; the step of forming a signature representing the monitored broadcast segment comprises forming third and fourth signatures from audio and video signals, respectively, of the monitored broadcast segment; the step of comparing the signatures comprises comparing the third and fourth signatures with each of a plurality of first and second signatures, respectively, of the database; and the step of evaluating whether the match falls within a class of questionably acceptable matches comprises determining that one of a match of the third signature with a respective one of the plurality of first signatures and a match of the fourth signature with a respective one of the plurality of second signatures falls within said class of questionably acceptable matches when the other corresponding signature does not match the respective one of the plurality of first and second signatures.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 154 words

A broadcast segment recognition system, comprising: means for producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; means for storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; means for monitoring a broadcast segment; means for forming a signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; means for comparing the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with each of a plurality of broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween in accordance with a first error tolerance level; and means for evaluating whether the match falls within a class of questionably acceptable matches based upon predetermined evaluation criteria, and if so, for comparing the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with the matching broadcast segment signature of the database utilizing a second error tolerance level accepting matches having relatively higher error levels than matches acceptable in accordance with the first error tolerance level.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 154 words

A broadcast segment recognition system, comprising: means for producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; means for storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; means for monitoring a broadcast segment; means for forming a signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; means for comparing the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with each of a plurality of broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween in accordance with a first error tolerance level; and means for evaluating whether the match falls within a class of questionably acceptable matches based upon predetermined evaluation criteria, and if so, for comparing the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with the matching broadcast segment signature of the database utilizing a second error tolerance level accepting matches having relatively higher error levels than matches acceptable in accordance with the first error tolerance level.

Claim 32

Independent Claim 140 words

A method of producing signatures characterizing respective intervals of a broadcast signal exhibiting correlation between at least some of said respective intervals for use in broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a difference vector for each respective interval of said broadcast signal having a plurality of elements each representing differences between respective predetermined portions of said each respective interval and exhibiting correlation therebetween; carrying out a vector transformation of said difference vector of each respective interval to produce a transformed difference vector having a plurality of elements for each respective interval of said broadcast signal such that the correlation between the plurality of elements thereof is less than the correlation between the plurality of elements of said difference vector; and producing a signature for each respective interval of said broadcast signal based on the corresponding transformed difference vector.

Claim 33

Independent Claim 140 words

A method of producing signatures characterizing respective intervals of a broadcast signal exhibiting correlation between at least some of said respective intervals for use in broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a difference vector for each respective interval of said broadcast signal having a plurality of elements each representing differences between respective predetermined portions of said each respective interval and exhibiting correlation therebetween; carrying out a vector transformation of said difference vector of each respective interval to produce a transformed difference vector having a plurality of elements for each respective interval of said broadcast signal such that the correlation between the plurality of elements thereof is less than the correlation between the plurality of elements of said difference vector; and producing a signature for each respective interval of said broadcast signal based on the corresponding transformed difference vector.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 25 words

The method of claim 25, wherein the step of carrying out a vector transformation of said difference vector comprises carrying out a Hotelling transform thereof.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 85 words

The method of claim 25, further comprising the step of forming first and second groups of difference vectors, the first group comprising difference vectors forming signatures having relatively frequently occurring values and the second group comprising difference vectors forming signatures having values which occur less frequently than the second group, and wherein the step of carrying out said vector transformation comprises carrying out a first vector transformation for difference vectors of said first group and a second transformation for difference vectors of said second group.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 42 words

The method of claim 27, wherein the steps of carrying out the first and second transformations comprises carrying out respective Hotelling transforms utilizing corresponding transformation values based upon previously received difference vectors falling within the groups subjected to the respective Hotelling transforms.

Claim 37

Dependent Claim 51 words

The method of claim 25, wherein the step of producing a difference vector for each respective interval of said broadcast signal comprises forming a difference vector for each of a plurality of intervals of a broadcast video signal based upon portions of the video signal representing corresponding regions of a picture.

Claim 38

Independent Claim 142 words

A system for producing signatures characterizing respective intervals of a broadcast signal exhibiting correlation between at least some of said respective intervals for use in broadcast segment recognition, comprising: means for producing a difference vector for each respective interval of said broadcast signal having a plurality of elements each representing differences between respective predetermined portions of said each respective interval and exhibiting correlation therebetween; means for carrying out a vector transformation of said difference vector of each respective interval to produce a transformed difference vector having a plurality of elements for each respective interval of said broadcast signal such that correlation between the plurality of elements thereof is less than the correlation between the plurality of elements of said difference vector; and means for producing a signature for each respective interval of said broadcast signal based on the corresponding transformed difference vector.

Claim 39

Independent Claim 142 words

A system for producing signatures characterizing respective intervals of a broadcast signal exhibiting correlation between at least some of said respective intervals for use in broadcast segment recognition, comprising: means for producing a difference vector for each respective interval of said broadcast signal having a plurality of elements each representing differences between respective predetermined portions of said each respective interval and exhibiting correlation therebetween; means for carrying out a vector transformation of said difference vector of each respective interval to produce a transformed difference vector having a plurality of elements for each respective interval of said broadcast signal such that correlation between the plurality of elements thereof is less than the correlation between the plurality of elements of said difference vector; and means for producing a signature for each respective interval of said broadcast signal based on the corresponding transformed difference vector.

Claim 40

Independent Claim 107 words

A method for updating a broadcast segment recognition database storing signatures for use in recognizing broadcast segments of interest, comprising the steps of: monitoring a broadcast signal to detect predetermined signal events indicating possible broadcast segments of interest corresponding with respective monitored broadcast signal intervals; determining whether at least two alternative possible broadcast segments of interest are detected for a monitored broadcast signal interval; assigning priority to one of said at least two alternative possible broadcast segments of interest based upon predetermined criteria; and storing a signature in the database corresponding with the one of said at least two alternative possible broadcast segments of interest assigned priority.

Claim 41

Independent Claim 107 words

A method for updating a broadcast segment recognition database storing signatures for use in recognizing broadcast segments of interest, comprising the steps of: monitoring a broadcast signal to detect predetermined signal events indicating possible broadcast segments of interest corresponding with respective monitored broadcast signal intervals; determining whether at least two alternative possible broadcast segments of interest are detected for a monitored broadcast signal interval; assigning priority to one of said at least two alternative possible broadcast segments of interest based upon predetermined criteria; and storing a signature in the database corresponding with the one of said at least two alternative possible broadcast segments of interest assigned priority.

Claim 42

Independent Claim 110 words

A system for updating a broadcast segment recognition database storing signatures for use in recogizing broadcast segments of interest, comprising: means for monitoring a broadcast signal to detect predetermined signal events indicating possible broadcast segments of interest corresponding with respective monitored broadcast signal intervals; determining whether at least two alternative possible broadcast segments of interest are detected for a monitored broadcast signal interval; means for assigning priority to one of said at least two alternative possible broadcast segments of interest based upon predetermined criteria; and means for storing a signature in the database corresponding with the one of said at least two alternative possible broadcast segments of interest assigned priority.

Claim 43

Independent Claim 110 words

A system for updating a broadcast segment recognition database storing signatures for use in recogizing broadcast segments of interest, comprising: means for monitoring a broadcast signal to detect predetermined signal events indicating possible broadcast segments of interest corresponding with respective monitored broadcast signal intervals; determining whether at least two alternative possible broadcast segments of interest are detected for a monitored broadcast signal interval; means for assigning priority to one of said at least two alternative possible broadcast segments of interest based upon predetermined criteria; and means for storing a signature in the database corresponding with the one of said at least two alternative possible broadcast segments of interest assigned priority.

Claim 44

Independent Claim 173 words

A method of producing a signature characterizing a broadcast signal interval for use in broadcast segment recognition having a signature database, the signature including a plurality of digital words each characterizing a respective sub-interval of said broadcast signal interval, comprising the steps of: dividing the broadcast signal interval into a plurality of sub-intervals; forming a plurality of digital words characterizing each of said plurality of sub-intervals; and selecting at least one of the plurality of digital words characterizing each sub-interval based on at least one of the following factors: (a) a distribution of previously generated digital words characterizing broadcast signals; (b) a distribution of digital words of previously generated signatures stored in the signature database; (c) a probability that the at least one of the plurality of digital words will match a digital word characterizing a corresponding sub-interval upon rebroadcast of the sub-interval; and (d) a degree of signal difference between the subinterval corresponding with the at least one of the plurality of digital words and adjacent portions of the broadcast signal interval.

Claim 45

Independent Claim 173 words

A method of producing a signature characterizing a broadcast signal interval for use in broadcast segment recognition having a signature database, the signature including a plurality of digital words each characterizing a respective sub-interval of said broadcast signal interval, comprising the steps of: dividing the broadcast signal interval into a plurality of sub-intervals; forming a plurality of digital words characterizing each of said plurality of sub-intervals; and selecting at least one of the plurality of digital words characterizing each sub-interval based on at least one of the following factors: (a) a distribution of previously generated digital words characterizing broadcast signals; (b) a distribution of digital words of previously generated signatures stored in the signature database; (c) a probability that the at least one of the plurality of digital words will match a digital word characterizing a corresponding sub-interval upon rebroadcast of the sub-interval; and (d) a degree of signal difference between the subinterval corresponding with the at least one of the plurality of digital words and adjacent portions of the broadcast signal interval.

Claim 46

Dependent Claim 42 words

Method of claim 33, wherein the step of selecting at least one of the plurality of digital words comprises selecting said at least one of the plurality of digital words based on said distribution of previously generated digital words characterizing broadcast signals.

Claim 47

Dependent Claim 47 words

The method of claim 33, wherein the step of selecting at least one of the plurality of digital words comprises selecting said at least one of the plurality of digital words based on said distribution of digital words of previously generated signatures stored in the signature database.

Claim 48

Dependent Claim 60 words

The method of claim 33, wherein the step of selecting at least one of the plurality of digital words comprises selecting said at least one of said plurality of digital words based on said probability that the at least one of the plurality of digital words will match a digital word characterizing a corresponding sub-interval upon rebroadcast of the sub-interval.

Claim 49

Dependent Claim 61 words

The method of claim 33, wherein the step of selecting at least one of a plurality of digital words comprises selecting said at least one of said plurality of digital words based on said degree of signal difference between the sub-interval corresponding with the at least one of the plurality of digital words and adjacent portions of the broadcast signal interval.

Claim 50

Dependent Claim 60 words

The method of claim 33, wherein the step of selecting at least one of the plurality of digital words comprises assigning respective values to at least two of said factors, forming a linear combination of said respective values to produce a combined value, and selecting said at least one of the plurality of digital words based on said combined value.

Claim 51

Independent Claim 176 words

A system for producing a signature characterizing a broadcast signal interval for use in broadcast segment recognition having a signature database, the signature including a plurality of digital words each characterizing a respective sub-interval of said broadcast signal interval, comprising; means for dividing the broadcast signal interval into a plurality of sub-intervals; means for forming a plurality of digital words characterizing each of said plurality of sub-intervals; and means for selecting at least one of the plurality of digital words characterizing each sub-interval based on at least one of the following factors: (a) a distribution of previously generated digital words characterizing broadcast signals; (b) a distribution of digital words of previously generated signatures stored in the signature database; (c) a probability that the at least one of the plurality of digital words will match a digital word characterizing a corresponding sub-interval upon rebroadcast of the sub-interval; and (d) a degree of signal difference between the subinterval corresponding with the at least one of the plurality of digital words and adjacent portions of the broadcast signal interval.

Claim 52

Independent Claim 176 words

A system for producing a signature characterizing a broadcast signal interval for use in broadcast segment recognition having a signature database, the signature including a plurality of digital words each characterizing a respective sub-interval of said broadcast signal interval, comprising; means for dividing the broadcast signal interval into a plurality of sub-intervals; means for forming a plurality of digital words characterizing each of said plurality of sub-intervals; and means for selecting at least one of the plurality of digital words characterizing each sub-interval based on at least one of the following factors: (a) a distribution of previously generated digital words characterizing broadcast signals; (b) a distribution of digital words of previously generated signatures stored in the signature database; (c) a probability that the at least one of the plurality of digital words will match a digital word characterizing a corresponding sub-interval upon rebroadcast of the sub-interval; and (d) a degree of signal difference between the subinterval corresponding with the at least one of the plurality of digital words and adjacent portions of the broadcast signal interval.

Claim 53

Independent Claim 128 words

A method of broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; for each produced signature, determining a probability that such produced signature will match with a signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment; producing a further signature for said each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized when said probability that said produced signature will match with a signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment is less than a predetermined value; storing each produced signature to form a database; monitoring a broadcast segment; forming a signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; and comparing the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one signature stored in the database.

Claim 54

Independent Claim 128 words

A method of broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; for each produced signature, determining a probability that such produced signature will match with a signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment; producing a further signature for said each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized when said probability that said produced signature will match with a signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment is less than a predetermined value; storing each produced signature to form a database; monitoring a broadcast segment; forming a signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; and comparing the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one signature stored in the database.

Claim 55

Dependent Claim 120 words

The method of claim 40, wherein the step of producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized comprises forming first and second signatures for a broadcast including a video signal and an audio signal, the first signature characterizing the video signal and the second signature characterizing the audio signal, the step of forming a signature representing the monitored broadcast segment comprises forming third and fourth signatures respectively representing video and audio signals included in the monitored broadcast segment, and the step of comparing the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one signature comprises comparing the third and fourth signatures with the first and second signatures, respectively, to determine corresponding matches thereof.

Claim 56

Independent Claim 135 words

The method of step 41, wherein the step of producing a corresponding probability based criterion comprises forming a corresponding probability based criterion for at least one of the first and second signatures, and the step of determining whether to accept said match comprises determining that the other one of the first and second signatures does not match a corresponding one of the third and fourth signatures when (1) the corresponding probability based criterion of the at least one of the first and second signatures indicates that it should have matched the other one of the corresponding third and fourth signatures, and (2) the comparison of the at least one of the first and second signatures with the corresponding one of the third and fourth signatures produces a determination that a match thereof has not occurred.

Claim 57

Independent Claim 135 words

The method of step 41, wherein the step of producing a corresponding probability based criterion comprises forming a corresponding probability based criterion for at least one of the first and second signatures, and the step of determining whether to accept said match comprises determining that the other one of the first and second signatures does not match a corresponding one of the third and fourth signatures when (1) the corresponding probability based criterion of the at least one of the first and second signatures indicates that it should have matched the other one of the corresponding third and fourth signatures, and (2) the comparison of the at least one of the first and second signatures with the corresponding one of the third and fourth signatures produces a determination that a match thereof has not occurred.

Claim 58

Dependent Claim 64 words

The method of claim 41, further comprising the steps of determining respective false matching probabilities that the first and second signatures may match signatures of monitored broadcast segments which do not correspond with the broadcast segment from which the first and second signatures were produced, and determining whether to accept at least one of said corresponding matches based on said respective false matching probabilities.

Claim 59

Dependent Claim 52 words

The method of claim 43, wherein the step of determining whether to accept at least one of said corresponding matches comprises determining to accept neither of said corresponding matches when (1) a match of both has not been determined and (2) both of said respective false matching probabilities exceed a predetermined level.

Claim 60

Dependent Claim 43 words

The method of claim 43, wherein the step of determining whether to accept at least one of said corresponding matches comprises determining to accept either of said corresponding matches when both of said respective false matching probabilities are less than a predetermined level.

Claim 61

Dependent Claim 50 words

The method of claim 43, wherein the step of determining respective false matching probabilities comprises determining said respective false matching probabilities based upon (1) an amount of information in the corresponding ones of the first and second signatures and (2) at least one distribution of values of broadcast segment signatures.

Claim 62

Dependent Claim 134 words

A broadcast segment recognition system, comprising: means for producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; means for determining a probability that each produced signature will match with a signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment; means for producing a further signature for said each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized when said probability that said produced signature will match with a signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment is less than a predetermined value; means for storing each produced signature to form a database; means for monitoring a broadcast segment; means for forming a signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; and means for comparing the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one signature stored in the database.

Claim 63

Dependent Claim 134 words

A broadcast segment recognition system, comprising: means for producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; means for determining a probability that each produced signature will match with a signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment; means for producing a further signature for said each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized when said probability that said produced signature will match with a signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment is less than a predetermined value; means for storing each produced signature to form a database; means for monitoring a broadcast segment; means for forming a signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; and means for comparing the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one signature stored in the database.

Claim 64

Independent Claim 183 words

A method of broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a digital signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized, each said digital signature including a plurality of bit values characterizing a corresponding one of said plurality of broadcast segments; for each produced digital signature, determining a probable number of bit values thereof that will match with the bit values of a digital signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment and producing a corresponding probability based match value for use in determining whether said each produced digital signature matches a digital signature of a subsequently received broadcast segment; storing each produced signature and its corresponding probability based match value to form a database; monitoring a broadcast segment; forming a digital signature having a plurality of bit values representing the monitored broadcast segment; comparing the digital signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one digital signature stored in the database; and determining whether the digital signature representing the monitored broadcast segment matches the at least one digital signature utilizing the corresponding probability based match value.

Claim 65

Independent Claim 183 words

A method of broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a digital signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized, each said digital signature including a plurality of bit values characterizing a corresponding one of said plurality of broadcast segments; for each produced digital signature, determining a probable number of bit values thereof that will match with the bit values of a digital signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment and producing a corresponding probability based match value for use in determining whether said each produced digital signature matches a digital signature of a subsequently received broadcast segment; storing each produced signature and its corresponding probability based match value to form a database; monitoring a broadcast segment; forming a digital signature having a plurality of bit values representing the monitored broadcast segment; comparing the digital signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one digital signature stored in the database; and determining whether the digital signature representing the monitored broadcast segment matches the at least one digital signature utilizing the corresponding probability based match value.

Claim 66

Dependent Claim 52 words

The method of claim 48, wherein the step of producing a corresponding probability based match value comprises producing an error threshold value representing a maximum number of corresponding bits of said digital signature representing said monitored broadcast segment and a matching one of said at least one digital signature which may differ.

Claim 67

Dependent Claim 191 words

A broadcast segment recognition system, comprising: means for producing a digital signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized, each said digital signature including a plurality of bit values characterizing a corresponding one of said plurality of broadcast segments; means for determining a probable number of bit values of each produced digital signature that will match with the bit values of a digital signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment and producing a corresponding probability based match value for use in determining whether said each produced digital signature matches a digital signature of a subsequently received broadcast segment; means for storing each produced signature and its corresponding probability based match value to form a database; means for monitoring a broadcast segment; means for forming a digital signature having a plurality of bit values representing the monitored broadcast segment; means comparing the digital signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one digital signature stored in the database; and means for determining whether the digital signature representing the monitored broadcast segment matches the at least one digital signature utilizing the corresponding probability based match value.

Claim 68

Dependent Claim 191 words

A broadcast segment recognition system, comprising: means for producing a digital signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized, each said digital signature including a plurality of bit values characterizing a corresponding one of said plurality of broadcast segments; means for determining a probable number of bit values of each produced digital signature that will match with the bit values of a digital signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment and producing a corresponding probability based match value for use in determining whether said each produced digital signature matches a digital signature of a subsequently received broadcast segment; means for storing each produced signature and its corresponding probability based match value to form a database; means for monitoring a broadcast segment; means for forming a digital signature having a plurality of bit values representing the monitored broadcast segment; means comparing the digital signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one digital signature stored in the database; and means for determining whether the digital signature representing the monitored broadcast segment matches the at least one digital signature utilizing the corresponding probability based match value.

Claim 69

Independent Claim 128 words

A method of broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; for each produced signature, determining a probability that such produced signature will match with a signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment; producing a further signature for said each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized when said probability that said produced signature will match with a signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment is less than a predetermined value; storing each produced signature to form a database; monitoring a broadcast segment; forming a signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; and comparing the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one signature stored in the database.

Claim 70

Independent Claim 128 words

A method of broadcast segment recognition, comprising the steps of: producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; for each produced signature, determining a probability that such produced signature will match with a signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment; producing a further signature for said each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized when said probability that said produced signature will match with a signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment is less than a predetermined value; storing each produced signature to form a database; monitoring a broadcast segment; forming a signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; and comparing the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one signature stored in the database.

Claim 71

Dependent Claim 133 words

A broadcast segment recognition system, comprising: means for producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; means for determining a probability that each produced signature will match with a signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment; means for producing a further signature for said each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized when said probability that said produced signature will match with a signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment is less than a predetermined value; means for storing each produced signature to form a database; means for monitoring a broadcast segment; means for forming a signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; means for comparing the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one signature stored in the database.

Claim 72

Dependent Claim 133 words

A broadcast segment recognition system, comprising: means for producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; means for determining a probability that each produced signature will match with a signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment; means for producing a further signature for said each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized when said probability that said produced signature will match with a signature produced upon rebroadcast of the corresponding broadcast segment is less than a predetermined value; means for storing each produced signature to form a database; means for monitoring a broadcast segment; means for forming a signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; means for comparing the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one signature stored in the database.

Claim 73

Dependent Claim 139 words

A broadcast segment recognition system, comprising: means for producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; means for storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; means for monitoring a broadcast segment; means for forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment from a video signal of the monitored broadcast segment; means for comparing the another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween; and means for evaluating the validity of the match of the monitored broadcast segment by determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded by predetermined signal events including determining whether the video signal of the monitored broadcast segment includes a fade-to-black at at least one boundary thereof.

Claim 74

Dependent Claim 139 words

A broadcast segment recognition system, comprising: means for producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; means for storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; means for monitoring a broadcast segment; means for forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment from a video signal of the monitored broadcast segment; means for comparing the another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween; and means for evaluating the validity of the match of the monitored broadcast segment by determining whether the monitored broadcast segment is temporally bounded by predetermined signal events including determining whether the video signal of the monitored broadcast segment includes a fade-to-black at at least one boundary thereof.

Claim 75

Dependent Claim 119 words

A broadcast segment recognition system, comprising; means for producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; means for storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; means for monitoring a broadcast segment; means for forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; means for comparing the another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween; and means for evaluating the validity of the match of the monitored broadcast segment by determining whether the monitored broadcast segment overlaps another broadcast segment for which a match has been accepted in accordance with predetermined criteria.

Claim 76

Dependent Claim 119 words

A broadcast segment recognition system, comprising; means for producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; means for storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; means for monitoring a broadcast segment; means for forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; means for comparing the another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween; and means for evaluating the validity of the match of the monitored broadcast segment by determining whether the monitored broadcast segment overlaps another broadcast segment for which a match has been accepted in accordance with predetermined criteria.

Claim 77

Dependent Claim 110 words

A broadcast segment recognition system, comprising; means for producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; means for storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; means for monitoring a broadcast segment; means for forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; means for comparing the another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween; and means for evaluating the validity of the match of the monitored broadcast segment by determining whether the match conforms with a predetermined profile of false matching segments.

Claim 78

Dependent Claim 110 words

A broadcast segment recognition system, comprising; means for producing a signature for each of a plurality of broadcast segments to be recognized; means for storing each said signature to form a database of broadcast segment signatures; means for monitoring a broadcast segment; means for forming another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment; means for comparing the another signature representing the monitored broadcast segment with at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database to determine whether a match exists therebetween; and means for evaluating the validity of the match of the monitored broadcast segment by determining whether the match conforms with a predetermined profile of false matching segments.

Claim 79

Dependent Claim 80 words

The system of claim 55, wherein the means for evaluating the validity of the match is operative to form said profile of false matching segments based upon at least one of (1) the length of the monitored broadcast segment, (2) the dissimilarity of said at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database from other signatures in the database and (3) the dissimilarity among predetermined data within said at least one of the broadcast segment signatures as produced.

Claim 80

Dependent Claim 119 words

The system of claim 55, wherein the means for comparing the another signature with at least one of the broadcast segment signatures is operative to determine a difference between the signature representing the monitored broadcast segment and the at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database and to compare the determined difference with a predetermined error threshold value corresponding with the at least one of the broadcast segment signatures, and wherein the means for evaluating the validity of the match is operative to form said profile of false matching segments based upon at least one of (1) said predetermined error threshold value, and (2) a difference between said predetermined error threshold value and said determined difference.

Claim 81

Dependent Claim 100 words

The system of claim 57, wherein the means for evaluating the validity of the match is operative form the profile of false matching segments by forming a linear combination of values representing (1) said predetermined error threshold value, (2) said difference between said predetermined error threshold value and said determined difference, (3) the length of the monitored broadcast segment, (4) the dissimilarities of said at least one of the broadcast segment signatures of the database from other signatures in the database, and (5) the dissimilarity among predetermined data within said at least one of the broadcast segment signatures as produced.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1998-07-24	1999-01-23	1999-07-25	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	2002-07-24	2003-01-23	2003-07-25	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2006-07-24	2007-01-23	2007-07-25	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Method and system for recognition of broadcast segments

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