US5418062A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Encapsulated electroluminescent phosphor particles
Assignee: 3M Co
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Filing: 1992-07-13
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Granted: 1995-05-23
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Expires: 2012-07-13
Abstract
Abstract Encapsulated electroluminescent phosphor particles and method for making same. The phosphor particles are encapsulated in a very thin oxide layer to protect them from aging due to moisture intrusion. The particles are encapsulated via a vapor phase hydrolysis reaction of oxide precursor materials at a temperature of between about 25° C. and about 170° C., preferably between about 100° C. and about 150° C. The resultant encapsulated particles exhibit a surprising combination of high initial luminescent brightness and high resistance to humidity-accelerated brightness decay.
Inventors
- 👤 Kenton D. Budd
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 06:22
CPC Classifications
C; C23; C23C; C23C16/00; C23C16/44; C23C16/442; C09; C09K; C09K11/00; C09K11/08; C09K11/70; C09K11/02; C09K11/025; C23C16/22; C23C16/30; C23C16/40; C23C16/405; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S428/00; Y10S428/917; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/29; Y10T428/2982; Y10T428/2991; Y10T428/2993
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 31
Claim 1
Independent Claim
129 words
Encapsulated electroluminescent phosphor particles, each comprising a particle of zinc sulfide-based electroluminescent phosphor which is essentially completely encapsulated within a substantially transparent, continuous metal oxide coating; wherein said encapsulated phosphor particles have an initial electroluminescent brightness which is equal to or greater than about 50 percent of the initial electroluminescent brightness of the uncoated phosphor particles, and wherein the percent of luminescent brightness retained following 100 hours operation in an environment having a relative humidity of at least 95 percent is greater than about 70 percent of the intrinsic brightness retained following 100 hours operation, wherein initial change in electroluminescent brightness in an environment having a relative humidity of at least 95 percent and intrinsic brightness change are measured under substantially equivalent operating conditions of temperature, voltage, and frequency.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
129 words
Encapsulated electroluminescent phosphor particles, each comprising a particle of zinc sulfide-based electroluminescent phosphor which is essentially completely encapsulated within a substantially transparent, continuous metal oxide coating; wherein said encapsulated phosphor particles have an initial electroluminescent brightness which is equal to or greater than about 50 percent of the initial electroluminescent brightness of the uncoated phosphor particles, and wherein the percent of luminescent brightness retained following 100 hours operation in an environment having a relative humidity of at least 95 percent is greater than about 70 percent of the intrinsic brightness retained following 100 hours operation, wherein initial change in electroluminescent brightness in an environment having a relative humidity of at least 95 percent and intrinsic brightness change are measured under substantially equivalent operating conditions of temperature, voltage, and frequency.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
34 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 1 wherein the initial electroluminescent brightness of said particles is equal to or greater than about 70 percent of the initial luminescent brightness of the uncoated phosphor particles.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
34 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 1 wherein the initial electroluminescent brightness of said particles is equal to or greater than about 80 percent of the initial luminescent brightness of the uncoated phosphor particles.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 1 wherein said retained electroluminescent brightness is greater than about 80 percent of said intrinsic brightness.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
22 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 1 wherein said retained electroluminescent brightness is greater than about 90 percent of said intrinsic brightness.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
28 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 1 wherein said particles contain minor amounts of one or more of the following: cadmium, selenium, copper, bromine, chlorine, manganese, or silver.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 1 wherein said particles are between about 1 and about 50 microns in diameter.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
20 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 1 wherein said particles are between about 10 and about 40 microns in diameter.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
19 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 1 wherein said coating is between about 0.1 and about 3.0 microns thick.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
19 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 1 wherein said coating is between about 0.1 and about 0.5 microns thick.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
25 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 1 wherein said coating comprises at least one of the following: titania, silica, alumina, tin oxide, zirconia, or mullite.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
18 words
The encapsulated phosphor articles of claim 11 wherein said coating comprises at least one of titania or silica.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
33 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 1 wherein said oxide coating was formed via the reaction of vapor phase metal oxide precursors at a temperature between about 25° C. and about 170° C.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
15 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 13 wherein said oxide coating was formed via hydrolysis.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
71 words
Encapsulated electroluminescent phosphor particles, each comprising a particle of zinc sulfide-based electroluminescent phosphor which is essentially completely encapsulated within a substantially transparent, continuous metal oxide coating; wherein said encapsulated phosphor particles have an initial electroluminescent brightness which is equal to or greater than about 50 percent of the initial electroluminescent brightness of the uncoated phosphor particles, said metal oxide coating having been formed via hydrolysis of vapor phase metal oxide precursors.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
71 words
Encapsulated electroluminescent phosphor particles, each comprising a particle of zinc sulfide-based electroluminescent phosphor which is essentially completely encapsulated within a substantially transparent, continuous metal oxide coating; wherein said encapsulated phosphor particles have an initial electroluminescent brightness which is equal to or greater than about 50 percent of the initial electroluminescent brightness of the uncoated phosphor particles, said metal oxide coating having been formed via hydrolysis of vapor phase metal oxide precursors.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
145 words
Encapsulated electroluminescent phosphor particles, each comprising a particle of zinc sulfide-based electroluminescent phosphor which is essentially completely encapsulated within a substantially transparent, continuous metal oxide coating; wherein said encapsulated phosphor particles have an initial electroluminescent brightness which is equal to or greater than about 50 percent of the initial electroluminescent brightness of the uncoated phosphor particles, and wherein the percent of electroluminescent brightness retained following 100 hours operation in an environment having a relative humidity of at least 95 percent is greater than about 70 percent of the intrinsic brightness retained following 100 hours operation, wherein initial brightness and change in electroluminescent brightness in an environment having a relative humidity of at least 95 percent and intrinsic brightness change are measured at ambient temperature under substantially equivalent operating conditions, including an applied electric field of 2.20 volts per micron and a frequency of 400 Hertz.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
145 words
Encapsulated electroluminescent phosphor particles, each comprising a particle of zinc sulfide-based electroluminescent phosphor which is essentially completely encapsulated within a substantially transparent, continuous metal oxide coating; wherein said encapsulated phosphor particles have an initial electroluminescent brightness which is equal to or greater than about 50 percent of the initial electroluminescent brightness of the uncoated phosphor particles, and wherein the percent of electroluminescent brightness retained following 100 hours operation in an environment having a relative humidity of at least 95 percent is greater than about 70 percent of the intrinsic brightness retained following 100 hours operation, wherein initial brightness and change in electroluminescent brightness in an environment having a relative humidity of at least 95 percent and intrinsic brightness change are measured at ambient temperature under substantially equivalent operating conditions, including an applied electric field of 2.20 volts per micron and a frequency of 400 Hertz.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
140 words
Encapsulated electroluminescent phosphor particles, each comprising a particle of zinc sulfide-based electroluminescent phosphor which is essentially completely encapsulated within a substantially transparent, continuous metal oxide coating formed via hydrolysis of vapor phase metal oxide precursors; and wherein said encapsulated phosphor particles have an initial electroluminescent brightness which is equal to or greater than about 50% of the initial electroluminescent brightness of the uncoated phosphor particle, and the percent of electroluminescent brightness retained by the encapsulated phosphor particles following 100 hours operation in an environment having a relative humidity of at least 95 percent is greater than about 70 percent of the intrinsic brightness retained following 100 hours operation, the initial brightness and change in electroluminescent brightness in an environment having a relative humidity of at least 95 percent and intrinsic brightness change being measured under substantially the same operating conditions.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
140 words
Encapsulated electroluminescent phosphor particles, each comprising a particle of zinc sulfide-based electroluminescent phosphor which is essentially completely encapsulated within a substantially transparent, continuous metal oxide coating formed via hydrolysis of vapor phase metal oxide precursors; and wherein said encapsulated phosphor particles have an initial electroluminescent brightness which is equal to or greater than about 50% of the initial electroluminescent brightness of the uncoated phosphor particle, and the percent of electroluminescent brightness retained by the encapsulated phosphor particles following 100 hours operation in an environment having a relative humidity of at least 95 percent is greater than about 70 percent of the intrinsic brightness retained following 100 hours operation, the initial brightness and change in electroluminescent brightness in an environment having a relative humidity of at least 95 percent and intrinsic brightness change being measured under substantially the same operating conditions.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
34 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 17 wherein the initial electroluminescent brightness of said particles is equal to or greater than about 70 percent of the initial electroluminescent brightness of the uncoated phosphor particles.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
34 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 17 wherein the initial electroluminescent brightness of said particles is equal to or greater than about 80 percent of the initial electroluminescent brightness of the uncoated phosphor particles.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
23 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 17 wherein said retained electroluminescent brightness is greater than about 80 percent of the retained intrinsic brightness.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
23 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 17 wherein said retained electroluminescent brightness is greater than about 90 percent of the retained intrinsic brightness.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
19 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 17 wherein said coating is between about 0.1 and about 3.0 microns thick.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
19 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 17 wherein said coating is between about 0.1 and about 0.5 microns thick.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
50 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 17 wherein the initial electroluminescent brightness of said particles is equal to or greater than about 70 percent of the initial electroluminescent brightness of the uncoated phosphor particles, and the retained electroluminescent brightness is greater than about 80 percent of the retained intrinsic brightness.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
23 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 24 wherein the retained electroluminescent brightness is greater than about 90 percent of the retained intrinsic brightness.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
33 words
The encapsulated particles of claim 24 wherein the initial electroluminescent brightness of said particles is equal to or greater than about 80 percent of the initial electroluminescent brightness of the uncoated phosphor particles.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
50 words
The encapsulated phosphor particles of claim 17 wherein the initial electroluminescent brightness of said particles is equal to or greater than about 80 percent of the initial electroluminescent brightness of the uncoated phosphor particles, and the retained electroluminescent brightness is greater than about 90 percent of the retained intrinsic brightness.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1998-05-22 | 1998-11-21 | 1999-05-23 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2002-05-22 | 2002-11-21 | 2003-05-23 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2006-05-22 | 2006-11-21 | 2007-05-23 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |