Patent US2240856A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5407426A
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Method and apparatus for delivering oxygen into blood
Assignee: Wayne State University
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Filing: 1993-11-15
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Granted: 1995-04-18
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Expires: 2013-11-15
Abstract
Abstract A method and apparatus for delivering oxygen into an environment of interest, such as blood plasma, having the characteristic of a low concentration of oxygen before delivery. The method includes the steps of preparing a mixture of oxygen and a liquid, compressing the mixture so that the oxygen dissolves in the liquid to form an oxygen-enriched liquid, delivering the oxygen-enriched liquid to a catheter having an internal diameter and length which retains the oxygen in solution and prevents the formation of bubbles, positioning the catheter in the environment of interest, and injecting the oxygen-enriched liquid into the environment through the catheter, such that the environment rapidly becomes enriched in oxygen. The apparatus includes a catheter with drawn silica tubing having narrowly defined passages through which oxygen-enriched liquid passes to oxygenate blood plasma.
Inventors
- 👤 James R. Spears
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 09:21
CPC Classifications
D; D21; D21C; D21C9/00; D21C9/10; D21C9/147; A; A23; A23L; A23L2/00; A23L2/52; A23L2/54; A61; A61K; A61K9/00; A61K9/48; A61K9/50; A61K9/5089; A61M; A61M1/00; A61M1/14; A61M1/32; A61M1/322; A61M25/00; A61M25/0021; A61M25/0023; A61M25/0026; A61M25/0029; B; B01; B01F; B01F23/00; B01F23/20; B01F23/23; B01F23/2319; B01J; B01J13/00; B01J13/02; B01J13/04; C; C01; C01B; C01B13/00; C01B13/02; C01B5/00; A61M1/16; A61M1/1678; A61M2025/0034; A61M2025/0036; A61M2025/0039; A61M2025/004; A61M25/0043; A61M2025/0057; A61M2202/00; A61M2202/04; A61M2202/0468; A61M2202/0476; A61M25/01; A61M25/09
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 34
Claim 1
Independent Claim
104 words
A method of delivering oxygen into an environment of interest, such as blood or plasma, comprising the steps of: preparing a mixture of oxygen and a liquid; compressing the mixture so that the oxygen dissolves in the liquid to form an oxygen-enriched liquid; delivering the oxygen-enriched liquid to a catheter having an internal diameter and length which retains the oxygen in solution and prevents formation of bubbles in the oxygen-enriched liquid; positioning the catheter in the environment of interest; and injecting the oxygen-enriched liquid into the environment through the catheter so that no bubbles are formed, and the environment rapidly becomes enriched in oxygen.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
104 words
A method of delivering oxygen into an environment of interest, such as blood or plasma, comprising the steps of: preparing a mixture of oxygen and a liquid; compressing the mixture so that the oxygen dissolves in the liquid to form an oxygen-enriched liquid; delivering the oxygen-enriched liquid to a catheter having an internal diameter and length which retains the oxygen in solution and prevents formation of bubbles in the oxygen-enriched liquid; positioning the catheter in the environment of interest; and injecting the oxygen-enriched liquid into the environment through the catheter so that no bubbles are formed, and the environment rapidly becomes enriched in oxygen.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
10 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid is water.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid is a physiologic crystalloid solution.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
117 words
A method of delivering oxygen into an environment of interest, such as blood or plasma, comprising the steps of: preparing a mixture of oxygen and a liquid wherein the liquid is a physiologic crystalloid solution of 5% dextrose and water; compressing the mixture so that the oxygen dissolves in the liquid to form an oxygen-enriched liquid; delivering the oxygen-enriched liquid to a catheter having an internal diameter and length which retains the oxygen in solution and prevents formation of bubbles in the oxygen-enriched liquid; positioning the catheter in the environment of interest; and injecting the oxygen-enriched liquid into the environment through the catheter so that no bubbles are formed, and the environment rapidly becomes enriched in oxygen.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
117 words
A method of delivering oxygen into an environment of interest, such as blood or plasma, comprising the steps of: preparing a mixture of oxygen and a liquid wherein the liquid is a physiologic crystalloid solution of 5% dextrose and water; compressing the mixture so that the oxygen dissolves in the liquid to form an oxygen-enriched liquid; delivering the oxygen-enriched liquid to a catheter having an internal diameter and length which retains the oxygen in solution and prevents formation of bubbles in the oxygen-enriched liquid; positioning the catheter in the environment of interest; and injecting the oxygen-enriched liquid into the environment through the catheter so that no bubbles are formed, and the environment rapidly becomes enriched in oxygen.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
108 words
A method of delivering oxygen into an environment of interest, such as blood or plasma, comprising the steps of: providing a mixture of 1-6 cc of oxygen per gram of water; compressing the mixture so that the oxygen dissolves in the liquid to form an oxygen-enriched liquid; delivering the oxygen-enriched liquid to a catheter having an internal diameter and length which retains the oxygen in solution and prevents formation of bubbles in the oxygen-enriched liquid; positioning the catheter in the environment of interest; and injecting the oxygen-enriched liquid into the environment through the catheter so that no bubbles are formed, and the environment rapidly becomes enriched in oxygen.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
108 words
A method of delivering oxygen into an environment of interest, such as blood or plasma, comprising the steps of: providing a mixture of 1-6 cc of oxygen per gram of water; compressing the mixture so that the oxygen dissolves in the liquid to form an oxygen-enriched liquid; delivering the oxygen-enriched liquid to a catheter having an internal diameter and length which retains the oxygen in solution and prevents formation of bubbles in the oxygen-enriched liquid; positioning the catheter in the environment of interest; and injecting the oxygen-enriched liquid into the environment through the catheter so that no bubbles are formed, and the environment rapidly becomes enriched in oxygen.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the step of compressing the mixture comprises applying a pressure of about 0.5 to 1 kbar.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
127 words
A method of delivering oxygen into an environment of interest, such as blood or plasma, comprising the steps of: preparing a mixture of oxygen and a liquid; compressing the mixture so that the oxygen dissolves in the liquid to form an oxygen-enriched liquid; passing the oxygen-enriched liquid through a filter for removing solid particulates to form a filtered liquid before delivery to a catheter; delivering the filtered liquid to the catheter, the catheter having an internal diameter and length which retains the oxygen in solution and prevents formation of bubbles in the filtered liquid; positioning the catheter in the environment of interest; and injecting the filtered liquid into the environment through the catheter so that no bubbles are formed, and the environment rapidly becomes enriched in oxygen.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
127 words
A method of delivering oxygen into an environment of interest, such as blood or plasma, comprising the steps of: preparing a mixture of oxygen and a liquid; compressing the mixture so that the oxygen dissolves in the liquid to form an oxygen-enriched liquid; passing the oxygen-enriched liquid through a filter for removing solid particulates to form a filtered liquid before delivery to a catheter; delivering the filtered liquid to the catheter, the catheter having an internal diameter and length which retains the oxygen in solution and prevents formation of bubbles in the filtered liquid; positioning the catheter in the environment of interest; and injecting the filtered liquid into the environment through the catheter so that no bubbles are formed, and the environment rapidly becomes enriched in oxygen.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the step of delivering the oxygen-enriched liquid to the catheter comprises providing a catheter having an internal diameter between 1-250 microns in size.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the step of injecting the oxygen-enriched liquid into the environment of interest comprises injecting the liquid into the right atrium without any bubble formation so that no foam is formed and occlusion of pulmonary capillaries is circumvented.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the step of injecting the oxygen-enriched liquid into the environment of interest comprises injecting the liquid into a great vein without any bubble formation so that no foam is formed and occlusion of pulmonary capillaries is circumvented.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the step of preparing a mixture of oxygen and a liquid comprises the step of providing a mixture of oxygen hydrate particles so that excessive hydrate decomposition does not occur.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
139 words
A method of delivering oxygen into an environment of interest, such as blood or plasma, comprising the steps of: preparing a mixture of oxygen hydrate particles and a liquid; compressing the mixture so that the particles at least partially dissolve in the liquid to form an oxygen-enriched liquid; delivering the oxygen-enriched liquid to a catheter having an internal diameter and length which retains the oxygen in solution and prevents lasting formation of any bubbles which would otherwise emerge from the oxygen-enriched liquid upon emergence from the catheter; positioning the catheter in the environment of interest; and injecting the oxygen-enriched liquid into the environment through the catheter so that no bubbles are formed or disappear rapidly as a result of their small size and so that bubble coalescence does not occur, such that the environment rapidly becomes enriched in oxygen.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
139 words
A method of delivering oxygen into an environment of interest, such as blood or plasma, comprising the steps of: preparing a mixture of oxygen hydrate particles and a liquid; compressing the mixture so that the particles at least partially dissolve in the liquid to form an oxygen-enriched liquid; delivering the oxygen-enriched liquid to a catheter having an internal diameter and length which retains the oxygen in solution and prevents lasting formation of any bubbles which would otherwise emerge from the oxygen-enriched liquid upon emergence from the catheter; positioning the catheter in the environment of interest; and injecting the oxygen-enriched liquid into the environment through the catheter so that no bubbles are formed or disappear rapidly as a result of their small size and so that bubble coalescence does not occur, such that the environment rapidly becomes enriched in oxygen.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
169 words
A method of gasification of an environment of interest having the characteristic of a low concentration of gas, comprising the steps of: preparing a solid mixture of a gas hydrate and a carrier material; compressing the solid mixture at a low temperature so that the gas hydrate does not prematurely liberate gas by decomposition; and raising the temperature of the solid mixture while maintaining pressure so that the carrier material melts to form a suspension of particles of the gas hydrate in the carrier liquid; delivering the suspension to a catheter having an internal diameter and length which retains at least a portion of the gas hydrate in suspension in the carrier liquid; positioning the catheter in the environment of interest; and injecting the suspension of particles of the gas hydrate into the environment through the catheter so that any bubbles formed disappear rapidly as a result of their small size and so that bubble coalescence does not occur, such that the environment rapidly becomes enriched in the gas.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
169 words
A method of gasification of an environment of interest having the characteristic of a low concentration of gas, comprising the steps of: preparing a solid mixture of a gas hydrate and a carrier material; compressing the solid mixture at a low temperature so that the gas hydrate does not prematurely liberate gas by decomposition; and raising the temperature of the solid mixture while maintaining pressure so that the carrier material melts to form a suspension of particles of the gas hydrate in the carrier liquid; delivering the suspension to a catheter having an internal diameter and length which retains at least a portion of the gas hydrate in suspension in the carrier liquid; positioning the catheter in the environment of interest; and injecting the suspension of particles of the gas hydrate into the environment through the catheter so that any bubbles formed disappear rapidly as a result of their small size and so that bubble coalescence does not occur, such that the environment rapidly becomes enriched in the gas.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the step of injecting the oxygen-enriched liquid into the environment of interest comprises injecting the liquid into a lumen of a blood vessel which communicates locally with tissue.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
10 words
The method of claim 14, wherein the tissue is myocardium.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 14, wherein the tissue is a neoplasm.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 14, wherein the tissue is within the central nervous system tissue.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 14, wherein the tissue is infected with a micro-organism.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 14, wherein the tissue is atheromatous plaque.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 14, wherein the tissue is acutely hypoxic.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 14, wherein the tissue is chronically hypoxic.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 14, wherein the tissue is normoxic, but responds to treatment with oxygen delivery which exceeds normal levels.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 14, wherein the oxygen-enriched liquid which is injected into the blood vessel mixes with native blood flow to the tissue.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 14, wherein the oxygen-enriched liquid is injected distal to an inflated balloon which occludes the vessel and the oxygen-enriched liquid thereby displaces at least a portion of native blood flow to the tissue.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 14, wherein injection of the oxygen-enriched liquid into the lumen of the blood vessel supersaturates the tissue with oxygen.
Claim 32
Independent Claim
98 words
A method of delivering oxygen into an environment of interest, comprising the steps of: preparing a mixture of oxygen and plasma; compressing the mixture so that the oxygen dissolves in the plasma to form an oxygen-enriched plasma; delivering the oxygen-enriched plasma to a catheter having an internal diameter in length which retains the oxygen and solution and prevents formation of bubbles in the oxygen-enriched plasma; positioning the catheter in the environment of interest; and injecting the oxygen-enriched plasma into the environment through the catheter so that no bubbles are formed, and the environment rapidly becomes enriched in oxygen.
Claim 33
Independent Claim
98 words
A method of delivering oxygen into an environment of interest, comprising the steps of: preparing a mixture of oxygen and plasma; compressing the mixture so that the oxygen dissolves in the plasma to form an oxygen-enriched plasma; delivering the oxygen-enriched plasma to a catheter having an internal diameter in length which retains the oxygen and solution and prevents formation of bubbles in the oxygen-enriched plasma; positioning the catheter in the environment of interest; and injecting the oxygen-enriched plasma into the environment through the catheter so that no bubbles are formed, and the environment rapidly becomes enriched in oxygen.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 1, wherein injection of the oxygen-enriched liquid into blood supersaturates the blood with oxygen without significant bubble formation.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1998-04-17 | 1998-10-17 | 1999-04-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2002-04-17 | 2002-10-17 | 2003-04-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2006-04-17 | 2006-10-17 | 2007-04-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |