US5384101A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method and apparatus for achieving high reaction rates in solid-gas reactor systems
Assignee: Rocky Research
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Filing: 1992-06-16
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Granted: 1995-01-24
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Expires: 2012-06-16
Abstract
Abstract Reaction rates in chemisorption reactions involving solid reactants and gaseous ligands are improved by maintaining optimized solid density throughout the reaction. Methods and apparatus which restrict volumetric solid expansion, compression of the solid reactant, and mixture with inert solid porous or particulate materials are disclosed.
Inventors
- 👤 Uwe Rockenfeller
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 00:06
CPC Classifications
F; F25; F25B; F25B35/00; F25B35/04; B; B01; B01D; B01D53/00; B01D53/34; C; C09; C09K; C09K5/00; C09K5/02; C09K5/04; C09K5/047; F28; F28D; F28D20/00; F28D20/003; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/14
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
170 words
A reaction apparatus comprising one or more reaction chambers containing a solid reactant adapted to form a reaction product by adsorbing and desorbing a gaseous reactant on said solid reactant said solid reaction product having an increased or decreased volume as compared to said solid reactant prior to said adsorption or desorption reaction, each of said one or more reaction chambers having a reaction chamber volume defined by reaction chamber walls and a reactant support surface, and wherein said reaction chamber walls and/or said reactant support surface are moveable and biased and form movable volumetric expansion control means for maintaining contact with said solid reactant and said reaction product substantially throughout said adsorption and said desorption reactions, whereby said reaction chamber walls and/or said reactant support surfaces provide moveable volumetric expansion control means for restricting the volumetric expansion and optimizing the density of said reaction product, and whereby said reaction chamber walls and said reactant support surface maintain contact with said of reaction product during said adsorption and desorption reactions.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
170 words
A reaction apparatus comprising one or more reaction chambers containing a solid reactant adapted to form a reaction product by adsorbing and desorbing a gaseous reactant on said solid reactant said solid reaction product having an increased or decreased volume as compared to said solid reactant prior to said adsorption or desorption reaction, each of said one or more reaction chambers having a reaction chamber volume defined by reaction chamber walls and a reactant support surface, and wherein said reaction chamber walls and/or said reactant support surface are moveable and biased and form movable volumetric expansion control means for maintaining contact with said solid reactant and said reaction product substantially throughout said adsorption and said desorption reactions, whereby said reaction chamber walls and/or said reactant support surfaces provide moveable volumetric expansion control means for restricting the volumetric expansion and optimizing the density of said reaction product, and whereby said reaction chamber walls and said reactant support surface maintain contact with said of reaction product during said adsorption and desorption reactions.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
22 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said movable reactant support surface comprises a surface member extending laterally from a heat exchange conduit.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
87 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said solid reactant is selected from the group consisting of (a) a metal halide, oxide, sulfate, sulfite, nitrate, nitrite oxalate, hydride and carbonate in which the metal is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, aluminum, or zinc; (b) a double metal salt in which the two metals are selected from strontium, sodium, aluminum, silver, gold, calcium, magnesium and cobalt; (c) ammonium chloride; and (d) a double metal salt in which one metal is an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
29 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said gaseous reactant is selected from the group consisting of ammonia, water, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, lower alkanols, alkyl amines, polyamines and phosphine.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
54 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said movable volumetric expansion control means for limiting the volumetric expansion of said solid reactant limits the expansion of said solid reaction product to between about 1.1 and 4.5 times the volume of said solid reactant introduced into said reaction chamber prior to exposure to said gaseous reactant.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 1 including a porous sleeve surrounding a heat transfer tube for allowing passage of said gaseous reactant.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
18 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said movable reactant support surface comprises a movable volumetric expansion control means.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
37 words
The apparatus of claim 7 including a conduit containing a heat exchange fluid extending adjacent to said one or more reaction chambers and wherein said movable reactant support surface is in heat exchange communication with said conduit.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
28 words
The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said movable reactant support surface is gravitationally biased for being urged against said solid reactant and solid reaction product during the reaction.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
29 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said movable volumetric expansion control means comprises movable porous material for allowing said gaseous reactant to pass to and from the solid reactant.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
30 words
The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said movable volumetric expansion control means includes one or more movable reactant support surfaces biased for being urged against said solid during the reaction.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
26 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said solid reactant is a compressed granular material selected from the group consisting of zeolites, activated carbon and silica gel.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
32 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said one or more reaction chambers contains a mixture of said solid reactant and a solid material inert to said solid reactant and said gaseous reactant.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said moveable reaction chamber wall is porous.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said porous wall comprises wire mesh.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1998-01-23 | 1998-07-25 | 1999-01-24 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2002-01-23 | 2002-07-25 | 2003-01-24 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2006-01-23 | 2006-07-25 | 2007-01-24 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |