Multi-layer fuel and vapor tube

Claim 2

A layered tubing for use in a motor vehicle, the tubing comprising: a thick flexible outer tubing layer having a given thickness and an inner and an outer face, the outer tubing consisting essentially of an extrudable thermoplastic having an elongation value of at least 150% and an ability to withstand impacts of at least 2 foot-pounds at temperatures below about -20° C.; an intermediate bonding layer bonded to the inner face of the thick outer layer, the bonding layer consisting essentially of an extrudable melt processible thermoplastic capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion to the inner face of the outer tubing; an interior layer bonded to the intermediate bonding layer, the interior layer consisting essentially of an extrudable, melt-processible thermoplastic material capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion with the intermediate bonding layer, the melt-processible thermoplastic which is chemically dissimilar to the thermoplastic employed in the thick outer layer, the chemically dissimilar thermoplastic being resistant to permeation by and interaction with short-chain aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds; and an innermost electrostatic dissipation layer integrally bonded to the interior layer, the electrostatic dissipation layer consisting of an extrudable, melt-processible thermoplastic material capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion with the intermediate bonding layer and of dissipating electrostatic energy, the electrostatic dissipation capacity being in a range between about 10 -4 to 10 -9 ohm/cm 2 .

Claim 3

The multi-layer tubing of claim 1 wherein the interior layer is a composed of thermoplastic material consisting essentially of a fluoroplastic material selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidine fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 4

The multi-layer tubing of claim 2 wherein the fluoroplastic material further consists of copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethane copolymerized with polyvinylidine fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethane copolymerized with polyvinyl fluoride, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 5

The multi-layer tubing of claim 2 wherein the interior layer has a thickness between about 10% and about 20% of the thick outer layer.

Claim 6

The multi-layer tubing of claim 1 wherein the innermost electrostatic dissipation layer consists of a thermoplastic material which is chemically dissimilar to the thick outer layer.

Claim 7

The multi-layer tubing of claim 5 wherein the innermost electrostatic dissipation layer is composed of a thermoplastic material consisting essentially of: a copolymer of a vinyl fluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene, the vinyl fluoride material selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidine fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, and mixtures thereof; a copolymer of a vinyl fluoride material and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene; a non-fluorinated elastomer comprising polyurethane; and a conductive material in a quantity sufficient to provide electrostatic dissipation capability in a range between about 10 -4 and about 10 -9 ohm/cm 2 .

Claim 8

The multi-layer tubing of claim 6 wherein the electrostatic dissipation layer consists essentially of: between about 10% and about 18% by weight of a vinylidine fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, the copolymer having between about 40% and 60% by weight vinylidine fluoride; between about 50% and about 70% by weight of a vinylidine fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, the copolymer having between about 40% and about 60% by weight vinylidine fluoride; and between about 10% and about 25% by weight polyurethane.

Claim 9

The tubing of claim 6 wherein the conductive material is selected from the group consisting of elemental carbon, copper, silver, gold, nickel, silicon, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 10

The tubing of claim 6 wherein the conductive material is present in an amount less than about 5% by volume of the electrostatic dissipation layer thermoplastic material.

Claim 11

The tubing of claim 6 wherein the conductive material is interstitially integrated into the electrostatic dissipation layer thermoplastic material.

Claim 12

The multi-layer tubing of claim 5 wherein the innermost electrostatic dissipation layer has a thickness between about 10% and about 20% of the thick outer layer.

Claim 13

The multi-layer tubing of claim 1 wherein the bonding layer is a thermoplastic material consisting essentially of: a polyvinyl fluoride compound selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidine fluoride polymers, polyvinyl fluoride polymers, and mixtures thereof; a vinylidine fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer; and a polyamide material selected from the group consisting of 12 carbon block polyamides, 11 carbon block polyamides, 6 carbon block polyamides, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 14

The tubing of claim 12 wherein the bonding layer consists essentially of: between about 35% and about 45% by weight of a copolymer of vinylidinefluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene; between 25% and about 35% by weight polyvinylidine fluoride; and between about 25% and about 35% by weight of a polyamide selected from the group consisting of 12 carbon block polyamides, 11 carbon block polyamides, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 15

The tubing of claim 1 wherein the extrudable thermoplastic of the thick outer tubing layer is a thermoplastic selected from the group consisting of Nylon 11, Nylon 12, zinc chloride resistant Nylon 6, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 16

The tubing of claim 1 further comprising an exterior jacket overlying the thick outer tubing, the exterior jacket composed of a material consisting essentially of a thermoplastic material selected from the group consisting of Nylon 11, Nylon 12, zinc chloride resistant Nylon 6, polypropylene, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 17

A layered tubing for use in a motor vehicle, the tubing comprising: a thick flexible outer tubing having a given thickness and an inner and an outer face, the outer tubing consisting essentially of an extrudable polyamide having an elongation value of at least 150% and an ability to withstand impacts of at least 2 foot-pounds at temperatures below about -20° C.; an intermediate bonding layer having a thickness between about 0.05 mm and about 0.1 mm bonded to the inner face of the thick outer layer, the bonding layer consisting essentially of an extrudable thermoplastic capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion to the polyamide outer tubing; an interior layer bonded to the intermediate bonding layer, the interior layer having a thickness between about 0.05 mm and about 0.15 mm and consisting essentially of an extrudable, melt-processible thermoplastic material capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion with the intermediate bonding layer, the melt-processible thermoplastic resistant to permeation by and interaction with short-chain aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidine fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethane copolymerized with polyvinylidine fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethane copolymerized with polyvinyl fluoride, and mixtures thereof; and an innermost electrostatic dissipation layer integrally bonded to the interior layer, the electrostatic dissipation layer having a thickness between about 0.1 mm and about 0.2 mm and consisting essentially of an extrudable, melt-processible thermoplastic material capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion with the intermediate bonding layer and of dissipating electrostatic energy, the electrostatic dissipation capacity being in a range between about 10 -4 and about 10 -9 ohm/cm 2 , the melt-processible thermoplastic consisting essentially of: between about 10% and about 18% by weight of a vinylidine fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, the copolymer having between about 40% and 60% by weight vinylidine fluoride; between about 50% and about 70% by weight of a vinylidine fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, the copolymer having between about 40% and about 60% by weight vinylidine fluoride; and between about 10% and about 25% by weight polyurethane.

Claim 18

A layered tubing for use in a motor vehicle, the tubing comprising: a thick flexible outer tubing having a given thickness and an inner and an outer face, the outer tubing consisting essentially of an extrudable polyamide having an elongation value of at least 150% and an ability to withstand impacts of at least 2 foot-pounds at temperatures below about -20° C.; an intermediate bonding layer having a thickness between about 0.05 mm and about 0.1 mm bonded to the inner face of the thick outer layer, the bonding layer consisting essentially of an extrudable thermoplastic capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion to the polyamide outer tubing; an interior layer bonded to the intermediate bonding layer, the interior layer having a thickness between about 0.05 mm and about 0.15 mm and consisting essentially of an extrudable, melt-processible thermoplastic material capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion with the intermediate bonding layer, the melt-processible thermoplastic resistant to permeation by and interaction with short-chain aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidine fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethane copolymerized with polyvinylidine fluoride, copolymers of vinylidine difluoride and chlorotrifluoroethane copolymerized with polyvinyl fluoride, and mixtures thereof; and an innermost electrostatic dissipation layer integrally bonded to the interior layer, the electrostatic dissipation layer having a thickness between about 0.1 mm and about 0.2 mm and consisting essentially of an extrudable, melt-processible thermoplastic material capable of sufficiently permanent laminar adhesion with the intermediate bonding layer and of dissipating electrostatic energy, the electrostatic dissipation capacity being in a range between about 10 -4 and about 10 -9 ohm/cm 2 , the melt-processible thermoplastic consisting essentially of: between about 10% and about 18% by weight of a vinylidine fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, the copolymer having between about 40% and 60% by weight vinylidine fluoride; between about 50% and about 70% by weight of a vinylidine fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, the copolymer having between about 40% and about 60% by weight vinylidine fluoride; and between about 10% and about 25% by weight polyurethane.

Claim 19

The tubing of claim 16 wherein the extrudable thermoplastic of the thick outer tubing is a polyamide selected from the group consisting of Nylon 11, Nylon 12, zinc chloride resistant Nylon 6, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 20

The tubing of claim 16 further comprising an exterior jacket overlying the thick outer tubing, the exterior jacket composed of a material consisting essentially of a thermoplastic material selected from the group consisting of Nylon 11, Nylon 12, zinc chloride resistant Nylon 6, polypropylene, and mixtures thereof.