Method and device for preventing understabilization of longitudinal differential protection in case of external fault and current transformer saturation

Claim 1

A method for preventing understabilization of longitudinal differential protections in case of external faults and current transformer saturation, comprising the steps of filtering the measured, sampled currents of the longitudinal differential protection, obtained via current transformers and A/D converters by means of Fourier filters, and producing the Fourier amplitudes (A1, A2, . . . An) and phase angles (φ1, φ2, . . . φn) of the respective current vectors, synchronizing the phase angles together with the Fourier amplitudes, determining the function characteristic of the longitudinal differential protection, and using the sampled currents for detecting whether any current transformer has become saturated, increasing the stabilizing degree (S) included in the function characteristic with any current transformer being saturated, selecting the peak values of the sampled currents with the aid of two consecutive sample values for each cycle and selecting the holding amplitudes (A11H, A21H, . . . An1H) of the currents as the last selected peak values and consecutively stored in holding circuits, and detecting if one or more of the holding amplitudes is/are greater than the respective Fourier amplitude multiplied by a first constant (a), and if at the same time detecting saturation, multiplying the Fourier amplitude by a second constant (KA) into a higher value (A1k, A2k, . . . Ank) and reducing the phase angle by a phase change (Δφ) into a lower value (φ1k, φ2k, . . . φnk), and obtaining a corrected function characteristic from the values of Fourier amplitude and phase angle.

Claim 2

A method for preventing understabilization of longitudinal differential protections in case of external faults and current transformer saturation, comprising the steps of filtering the measured, sampled currents of the longitudinal differential protection, obtained via current transformers and A/D converters by means of Fourier filters, and producing the Fourier amplitudes (A1, A2, . . . An) and phase angles (φ1, φ2, . . . φn) of the respective current vectors, synchronizing the phase angles together with the Fourier amplitudes, determining the function characteristic of the longitudinal differential protection, and using the sampled currents for detecting whether any current transformer has become saturated, increasing the stabilizing degree (S) included in the function characteristic with any current transformer being saturated, selecting the peak values of the sampled currents with the aid of two consecutive sample values for each cycle and selecting the holding amplitudes (A11H, A21H, . . . An1H) of the currents as the last selected peak values and consecutively stored in holding circuits, and detecting if one or more of the holding amplitudes is/are greater than the respective Fourier amplitude multiplied by a first constant (a), and if at the same time detecting saturation, multiplying the Fourier amplitude by a second constant (KA) into a higher value (A1k, A2k, . . . Ank) and reducing the phase angle by a phase change (Δφ) into a lower value (φ1k, φ2k, . . . φnk), and obtaining a corrected function characteristic from the values of Fourier amplitude and phase angle.

Claim 4

A device for preventing understabilization of longitudinal differential protections in case of external faults and current transformer saturation, comprising: current transformers, A/D converters and Fourier filters for determining the Fourier amplitudes (A1, A2, . . . An) and phase angles (φ1, φ2, . . . φn) of measured and sampled currents, a decision unit including circuits for producing the differential and stabilizing current of the longitudinal differential protection as well as the function characteristic of the protection, saturation detectors, which upon a detected saturation via a switching system, change the stabilizing degree (S) of the function characteristic, peak value formers for determining the peak values (A11, A21, . . . An1) of the measured currents with the aid of two consecutive samples, holding circuits for consecutively storing the holding amplitudes (A11H, A21H, . . . An1H) in the form of the last determined peak values, comparison means for determining the inequalities of the holding amplitudes in relation to the Fourier amplitudes multiplied by a first constant (a) and, if the inequality is true while at the same time current transformer saturation is detected, amplitude correction units for multiplying the Fourier amplitudes by a second constant (KA) and said angle correction units reducing the phase angles by a given phase change (Δφ) and said decision unit receiving the corrected Fourier amplitudes (A1k, A2k, . . . Ank) and the phase angles (φ1k, φ2k, . . . φnk).

Claim 5

A device for preventing understabilization of longitudinal differential protections in case of external faults and current transformer saturation, comprising: current transformers, A/D converters and Fourier filters for determining the Fourier amplitudes (A1, A2, . . . An) and phase angles (φ1, φ2, . . . φn) of measured and sampled currents, a decision unit including circuits for producing the differential and stabilizing current of the longitudinal differential protection as well as the function characteristic of the protection, saturation detectors, which upon a detected saturation via a switching system, change the stabilizing degree (S) of the function characteristic, peak value formers for determining the peak values (A11, A21, . . . An1) of the measured currents with the aid of two consecutive samples, holding circuits for consecutively storing the holding amplitudes (A11H, A21H, . . . An1H) in the form of the last determined peak values, comparison means for determining the inequalities of the holding amplitudes in relation to the Fourier amplitudes multiplied by a first constant (a) and, if the inequality is true while at the same time current transformer saturation is detected, amplitude correction units for multiplying the Fourier amplitudes by a second constant (KA) and said angle correction units reducing the phase angles by a given phase change (Δφ) and said decision unit receiving the corrected Fourier amplitudes (A1k, A2k, . . . Ank) and the phase angles (φ1k, φ2k, . . . φnk).