US5366830A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Vanadium oxide cathode active material and method of making same
Assignee: Valence Technology Inc
•
Filing: 1993-02-12
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Granted: 1994-11-22
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Expires: 2013-02-12
Abstract
Abstract The present invention provides a lithium battery comprising a cathode active material having as its major component amorphous V 2 O 5 . The amorphous V 2 O 5 is prepared by electrochemically reacting crystalline vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) with lithium in a cell to a voltage sufficient to transform crystalline vanadium pentoxide to amorphous vanadium pentoxide. Preferably, the electrochemical reaction is conducted in a V 2 O 5 --Li cell of about 1.5 V at a relatively constant current in a range of about 0.05 milliamps per cm 2 to about 0.5 milliamps per cm 2 .
Inventors
- 👤 Rene Koksbang
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 14:03
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M4/00; H01M4/02; H01M4/36; H01M4/48; H01M4/485; H01M10/00; H01M10/05; H01M10/052; H01M4/13; H01M4/131; H01M6/00; H01M6/14; H01M6/18; H01M6/181; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 28
Claim 1
Independent Claim
31 words
A method of forming a positive electrode active material comprising electrochemically reacting crystalline vanadium pentoxide with lithium to a voltage below about 2 V to thereby provide lithiated amorphous vanadium oxide.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
31 words
A method of forming a positive electrode active material comprising electrochemically reacting crystalline vanadium pentoxide with lithium to a voltage below about 2 V to thereby provide lithiated amorphous vanadium oxide.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method according to claim 1, wherein the voltage is in a range of about 1.5 V to about 1.8 V.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method according to claim 2, wherein the source of lithium is metallic lithium.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is conducted at a relatively constant current in a range of about 0.05 milliamps per cm 2 to about 0.5 milliamps per cm 2 .
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is conducted at about room temperature.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method according to claim 1, wherein the voltage is less than about 1.5 V and the source of lithium is at least one selected from the group consisting of metallic lithium, lithium alloys, and lithium-containing compounds.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
49 words
A method of forming a positive electrode active material comprising electrochemically reacting crystalline vanadium pentoxide with lithium to a voltage sufficient to cause about 2 to about 3 moles equivalent of lithium atoms to react with each mole equivalent of the vanadium pentoxide thereby providing lithiated amorphous vanadium pentoxide.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
49 words
A method of forming a positive electrode active material comprising electrochemically reacting crystalline vanadium pentoxide with lithium to a voltage sufficient to cause about 2 to about 3 moles equivalent of lithium atoms to react with each mole equivalent of the vanadium pentoxide thereby providing lithiated amorphous vanadium pentoxide.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method according to claim 7, wherein the reaction is conducted at about room temperature.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method according to claim 7, wherein the electrochemical reaction is at least in part conducted by inserting the lithium in ionic form into the vanadium oxide.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein more than 2 moles equivalent of lithium are reacted with each mole equivalent of vanadium pentoxide.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method according to claim 10 wherein up to about 3 moles equivalent of lithium are reacted.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
32 words
A positive electrode having an active material comprising lithiated vanadium pentoxide characterized in that said pentoxide is amorphous and releases at least a portion of the lithium while retaining its amorphous character.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
32 words
A positive electrode having an active material comprising lithiated vanadium pentoxide characterized in that said pentoxide is amorphous and releases at least a portion of the lithium while retaining its amorphous character.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
32 words
The electrode according to claim 12, wherein the amorphous pentoxide is prepared with more than about 2 moles equivalent of atoms of the lithium for each mole equivalent of the vanadium pentoxide.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
26 words
The electrode according to claim 12 wherein the active material is prepared in situ in a cell by electrochemical reaction between crystalline vanadium pentoxide and lithium.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
The electrode according to claim 12 which in a reduced, fully or partially discharged state corresponds to amorphous Li x V 2 O 5 with x>2.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
26 words
The electrode according to claim 12 which in an oxidized, fully or partially charged state corresponds to amorphous Li x V 2 O 5 with x<2.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
59 words
A positive electrode having an active material comprising an amorphous vanadium pentoxide having more than about 2 moles equivalent of lithium atoms inserted therein for each mole equivalent of vanadium pentoxide, said pentoxide further characterized by an ability to release at least a portion of the more than 2 moles of the inserted lithium while retaining its amorphous character.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
59 words
A positive electrode having an active material comprising an amorphous vanadium pentoxide having more than about 2 moles equivalent of lithium atoms inserted therein for each mole equivalent of vanadium pentoxide, said pentoxide further characterized by an ability to release at least a portion of the more than 2 moles of the inserted lithium while retaining its amorphous character.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
26 words
The electrode according to claim 17 which in an oxidized, fully or partially charged state corresponds to amorphous Li x V 2 O 5 with x<2.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
26 words
The electrode according to claim 17 which in a reduced, fully or partially discharged state corresponds to amorphous Li x V 2 O 5 with x>2.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
43 words
A positive electrode having an active material containing lithiated amorphous vanadium pentoxide of the general formula Li x V 2 O 5 which in a reduced, fully or partially discharged state corresponds to the amorphous Li x V 2 O 5 with x>2.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
43 words
A positive electrode having an active material containing lithiated amorphous vanadium pentoxide of the general formula Li x V 2 O 5 which in a reduced, fully or partially discharged state corresponds to the amorphous Li x V 2 O 5 with x>2.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
27 words
The positive electrode according to claim 20 which in an oxidized, fully or partially charged state corresponds to amorphous Li x V 2 O 5 with x<2.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
65 words
A rechargeable lithium battery which comprises: a negative electrode having an active material comprising lithium; a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a lithium salt; and a positive electrode having an active material containing lithiated amorphous vanadium pentoxide formed by electrochemical reaction between crystalline vanadium pentoxide and lithium with more than about 2 moles equivalent of atoms of the lithium for each mole equivalent of the vanadium pentoxide.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
65 words
A rechargeable lithium battery which comprises: a negative electrode having an active material comprising lithium; a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a lithium salt; and a positive electrode having an active material containing lithiated amorphous vanadium pentoxide formed by electrochemical reaction between crystalline vanadium pentoxide and lithium with more than about 2 moles equivalent of atoms of the lithium for each mole equivalent of the vanadium pentoxide.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1997-11-21 | 1998-05-23 | 1998-11-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2001-11-21 | 2002-05-23 | 2002-11-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2005-11-21 | 2006-05-23 | 2006-11-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |