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US5353127A Expired / Lapsed US ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

Method for quantization gray level pixel data with extended distribution set

Assignee: Xerox Corp
•
Filing: 1993-12-15
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Granted: 1994-10-04
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Expires: 2013-12-15
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Abstract

Abstract A method and arrangement for quantization of the nth pixel in scan line l (i.e., pixel n,l), with error diffusion to a matrix including pixels at pixel locations corresponding to pixels {(n+1,l), (n-2,l+1), (n-1,l+1), (n,l+1)}. Distribution weighting may be in accordance with the scheme {(n+1,l)=0.5, (n-2,l+1)=0.125 (n-1,l+1)=0.125 (n,l+1)= 0.25 }. In another embodiment, distribution weighting may be in accordance with the scheme {(n+1,l)=0.5, (n-3,l+1)=0.0625, (n-2,l+1)=0.0625, (n-1,l+1)=0.125, (n,l+1)=0.25, }.

Inventors

  • 👤 Jeng-Nan Shiau
  • 👤 Zhigang Fan

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-11-09 17:00
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04N; H04N1/00; H04N1/40; H04N1/405; H04N1/4051; H04N1/4052

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 20
Claim 1
Independent Claim 158 words
A method of quantizing pixel values, in which an image is formed by a plurality of pixels, each pixel representing an optical density of the image at a location within the image, and having an original optical density value associated therewith selected from one of a set of original optical density values, having number of members larger than a desired output set of optical density values, the steps comprising: adding to each pixel an error resulting from quantization of previous pixels, if any, to derive a modified optical density value; comparing the modified optical density value of an n th pixel in a scan line l (n,l) with a threshold to select an output values representing the pixel; determining an error term that is a difference between the output value and the modified optical density value; distributing a weighted portion of the error term, to a preselected plurality of pixels, including pixels at positions (n+1,l), (n-2,l+1), (n-1,l+1), (n,l+1).
Claim 2
Independent Claim 158 words
A method of quantizing pixel values, in which an image is formed by a plurality of pixels, each pixel representing an optical density of the image at a location within the image, and having an original optical density value associated therewith selected from one of a set of original optical density values, having number of members larger than a desired output set of optical density values, the steps comprising: adding to each pixel an error resulting from quantization of previous pixels, if any, to derive a modified optical density value; comparing the modified optical density value of an n th pixel in a scan line l (n,l) with a threshold to select an output values representing the pixel; determining an error term that is a difference between the output value and the modified optical density value; distributing a weighted portion of the error term, to a preselected plurality of pixels, including pixels at positions (n+1,l), (n-2,l+1), (n-1,l+1), (n,l+1).
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 21 words
The method as described in claim 1, wherein the weighting of each weighted portion corresponds to: (n+1,l)=0.5; (n-2,l+1)=0.125; (n-1,l+1)=0.125; and (n,l+1)=0.25.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim 17 words
The method as described in claim 1, wherein the preselected plurality of pixels additionally includes pixel (n-3,l+1).
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 21 words
The method as described in claim 3, wherein the weighting of each weighted portion corresponds to: (n+1,l)=0.5; (n-3,l+1)=0.0625; (n-2,l+1)=0.0625; (n-1,l+1)=0.125; (n,l+1)=0.25.
Claim 6
Independent Claim 170 words
A method of preparing an electronic document for printing at a printer adapted to printing n level spots for each pixel, the steps comprising: receiving a document defined in terms of digital electronic input signals, each signal having a magnitude selected from one of m levels (where m is greater than n) and corresponding to a pixel; adding to each input signal an error signal resulting from quantization of previous signals, if any, to derive a modified input signal; comparing the modified input signal of an n th pixel in scan line l (n,l) with a threshold to select as an output response from the printer, one of the n level spots; determining an error term that is a difference between the output response and the modified input for the n th pixel in scan line l (n,l); storing the error term; distributing a weighted portion of the error term, to a preselected plurality of input signals, including signals representing density in the document at positions (n+1,l), (n-2,l+1), (n-1,l+1), (n,l+1).
Claim 7
Independent Claim 170 words
A method of preparing an electronic document for printing at a printer adapted to printing n level spots for each pixel, the steps comprising: receiving a document defined in terms of digital electronic input signals, each signal having a magnitude selected from one of m levels (where m is greater than n) and corresponding to a pixel; adding to each input signal an error signal resulting from quantization of previous signals, if any, to derive a modified input signal; comparing the modified input signal of an n th pixel in scan line l (n,l) with a threshold to select as an output response from the printer, one of the n level spots; determining an error term that is a difference between the output response and the modified input for the n th pixel in scan line l (n,l); storing the error term; distributing a weighted portion of the error term, to a preselected plurality of input signals, including signals representing density in the document at positions (n+1,l), (n-2,l+1), (n-1,l+1), (n,l+1).
Claim 8
Dependent Claim 21 words
The method as described in claim 5, wherein the weighting of each weighted portion corresponds to: (n+1,l)=0.5; (n-2,l+1)=0.125; (n-1,l+1)=0.125; and (n,l+1)=0.25.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim 17 words
The method as described in claim 5, wherein the preselected plurality of pixels additionally includes pixel (n-3,l+1).
Claim 10
Dependent Claim 21 words
The method as described in claim 7, wherein the weighting of each weighted portion corresponds to: (n+1,l)=0.5; (n-3,l+1)=0.0625; (n-2,l+1)=0.0625; (n-1,l+1)=0.125; (n,l+1)=0.25.
Claim 11
Independent Claim 180 words
A method of quantizing pixel values, in which an image is formed by a plurality of pixels, each pixel representing an optical density of the image at a location therewithin, and having an original optical density value associated therewith selected from one of a set of original optical density values, having number of members n larger than a desired output set of optical density values, the steps comprising: adding to an input density value of each pixel an error signal resulting from quantization of previous pixels, if any, to derive a modified density value; comparing the modified density value of an n th pixel in a scan line l (n,l) with a threshold to select an output value representing the pixel from a set of m possible density value; determining an error term that is a difference between the output value and the modified density value; distributing a weighted portion of the error term, to a preselected plurality of pixels including a pixels representing density at (n+1,l), and pixels in the next scan line at pixel positions less than n.
Claim 12
Independent Claim 180 words
A method of quantizing pixel values, in which an image is formed by a plurality of pixels, each pixel representing an optical density of the image at a location therewithin, and having an original optical density value associated therewith selected from one of a set of original optical density values, having number of members n larger than a desired output set of optical density values, the steps comprising: adding to an input density value of each pixel an error signal resulting from quantization of previous pixels, if any, to derive a modified density value; comparing the modified density value of an n th pixel in a scan line l (n,l) with a threshold to select an output value representing the pixel from a set of m possible density value; determining an error term that is a difference between the output value and the modified density value; distributing a weighted portion of the error term, to a preselected plurality of pixels including a pixels representing density at (n+1,l), and pixels in the next scan line at pixel positions less than n.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim 21 words
The method as described in claim 9, wherein the weighting of each weighted portion corresponds to: (n+1,l)=0.5; (n-2,l+1)=0.125; (n-1,l+1)=0.125; and (n,l+1)=0.25.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim 17 words
The method as described in claim 9, wherein the preselected plurality of pixels additionally includes pixel (n-3,l+1).
Claim 15
Dependent Claim 20 words
The method as described in claim 11, wherein the weighting of each weighted portion corresponds to: (n+1,l)=0.5; (n-3,l+1)=0.0625; (n-2,l+1)=0.0625;(n-1,l+1)=0,125; (n,l+1)=0.25.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim 318 words
Apparatus for preparing an electronic document for printing at a printer adapted to printing n level spots for each pixel, the steps comprising: a document input receiving document images defined in terms of digital electronic input signals, each signal having a magnitude selected from one of m levels (where m is greater than n) and corresponding to a pixel and describing density of the document at position n in a scan line l (n,l); a summing circuit, adding to each input signal an error signal resulting from quantization of previous signals, if any, to derive a modified input signal; a comparator, operatively connected to said document input to receive the modified input signals and to a source of threshold signals, and producing an output response selected from one of the n level spots upon comparing each modified input signal with a threshold signal; a difference circuit receiving as inputs the output response and the modified input signals and deriving an digital electronic error term signal representing the difference in density between the output response and the modified input signal; a first error term buffer and a corresponding shift register operatively connected to said difference circuit, receiving an error term from quantization of signal (n-1,l) therefrom and shifting the error term for addition of a weighted portion thereof at said summing circuit to input signal n in scan line l (n,l); a line buffer operatively connected to the first error term buffer, storing a line of error term signals corresponding to signals in scan line l-1; at least second, third and fourth error term buffers, each having a corresponding shift register, and operatively connected to said line buffer, to receive error terms from the quantization of signals at positions (n,l-1), (n+1,l-1), (n+2,l-1) each shift register shifting the error term for addition of a weighted portion thereof at said summing circuit to input signal n in scan line l (n,l).
Claim 17
Dependent Claim 318 words
Apparatus for preparing an electronic document for printing at a printer adapted to printing n level spots for each pixel, the steps comprising: a document input receiving document images defined in terms of digital electronic input signals, each signal having a magnitude selected from one of m levels (where m is greater than n) and corresponding to a pixel and describing density of the document at position n in a scan line l (n,l); a summing circuit, adding to each input signal an error signal resulting from quantization of previous signals, if any, to derive a modified input signal; a comparator, operatively connected to said document input to receive the modified input signals and to a source of threshold signals, and producing an output response selected from one of the n level spots upon comparing each modified input signal with a threshold signal; a difference circuit receiving as inputs the output response and the modified input signals and deriving an digital electronic error term signal representing the difference in density between the output response and the modified input signal; a first error term buffer and a corresponding shift register operatively connected to said difference circuit, receiving an error term from quantization of signal (n-1,l) therefrom and shifting the error term for addition of a weighted portion thereof at said summing circuit to input signal n in scan line l (n,l); a line buffer operatively connected to the first error term buffer, storing a line of error term signals corresponding to signals in scan line l-1; at least second, third and fourth error term buffers, each having a corresponding shift register, and operatively connected to said line buffer, to receive error terms from the quantization of signals at positions (n,l-1), (n+1,l-1), (n+2,l-1) each shift register shifting the error term for addition of a weighted portion thereof at said summing circuit to input signal n in scan line l (n,l).
Claim 18
Dependent Claim 27 words
The apparatus as described in claim 13, wherein the weighted portions of the error term from positions (n,l-1), (n+1,l-1), (n+2,l-1) corresponds to: (n-1,l)=0.5; (n+2,l-1)=0.125; (n+1,l-1)=0.125; and (n,l-1)=0.25.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim 65 words
The apparatus as described in claim 13, including a fifth error term buffer and corresponding shift register, and operatively connected to said line buffer, to receive error terms from the quantization of a signal at position (n+3, l-1), each shift register shifting the error term for addition of a weighted portion thereof at said summing circuit to input signal n in scan line l (n,l).
Claim 20
Dependent Claim 21 words
The apparatus as described in claim 15, wherein the weighting of each weighted portion corresponds to: (n-1,l)=0.5; (n+3,l-1)=0.0625; (n+2,l-1)=0.0625; (n+1,l-1)=0.125; (n,l-1)=0.25.

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