US5349953A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Photoplethysmographics using component-amplitude-division multiplexing
Assignee: Sensormedics Corp
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Filing: 1991-03-05
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Granted: 1994-09-27
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Expires: 2011-03-05
Abstract
Abstract A plurality of carrier signals, distinguishable by amplitudes of signal components (e.g., frequency components), are respectively applied to a plurality of energy emitters (e.g., infrared and red light emitters). A detector receives the sum of the energy after modulation at each emitter wavelength, e.g. by blood tissue of a patient. An output of the detector is then demultiplexed, whereby a component of modulation at each emitter wavelength may be determined. The carrier signals may comprise time-varying periodic signals with identical frequency and frequency components, such as mixtures of identical sets of pure sine waves. When the number of signal components exceeds the number of emitter wavelengths, sufficient information is provided during demultiplexing to detect and correct errors introduced by ambient light sources and other interference.
Inventors
- 👤 Rex McCarthy
- 👤 Robert Smith
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 14:04
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B5/00; A61B5/41; A61B5/414; A61B5/417; A61B5/145; A61B5/1455
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 51
Claim 1
Independent Claim
53 words
A device for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising means for multiplying a mixing matrix and a vector of component signals; means for applying a plurality of modulating effects to a resultant of said means for multiplying; and means for multiplying an inverse of said mixing matrix and a resultant of said means for applying.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
53 words
A device for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising means for multiplying a mixing matrix and a vector of component signals; means for applying a plurality of modulating effects to a resultant of said means for multiplying; and means for multiplying an inverse of said mixing matrix and a resultant of said means for applying.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
21 words
A device as in claim 1, comprising means for determining, in response to a set of photoplethysmographic data, blood gas data.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
31 words
A device as in claim 1, comprising means for determining, in response to a set of photoplethysmographic data, at least one of blood oxygen, blood carbon dioxide, or blood carbon monoxide.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
21 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for multiplying a mixing matrix comprises means for multiplying a square matrix.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
41 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for multiplying a vector of component signals comprises means for multiplying at least one component signals which comprises a sum of at least one of a sine wave, or a square wave.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
16 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for applying comprises a plurality of light-emitters.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
22 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for applying comprises a plurality of light-emitters tuned to a plurality of wavelengths.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
21 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for applying comprises means for directing said resultant at a modulating medium.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for applying comprises means for directing said resultant at animal tissue.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
35 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for applying comprises means for directing said resultant at a modulating medium comprising at least one of blood, blood vessels, bone marrow, ligament, muscle, or skin.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
29 words
A device as in claim 1, comprising means for detecting a composite resultant of said means for applying; and means for separating said composite resultant into a vector resultant.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
17 words
A device as in claim 11, wherein said means for separating comprises at least one heterodyning element.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
29 words
A device as in claim 11, wherein said means for detecting a composite resultant comprises means for detecting a sum of at least two elements of said vector resultant.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for applying comprises means for directing said resultant at animal tissue.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
35 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for applying comprises means for directing said resultant at a modulating medium comprising at least one of blood, blood vessels, bone marrow, ligament, muscle, or skin.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
26 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for applying a plurality of modulation effects comprises means for applying at least one amplitude modulation effect.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
29 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for applying a plurality of modulating effects comprises means for applying an amplitude modulation effect which varies with energy wavelength.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
29 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for applying a plurality of modulating effects comprises means for applying at least one modulating effect with a time-varying component.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
36 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for applying a plurality of modulating effects comprises means for applying at least one modulating effect with a time-varying component which is correlated with a biological process.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
33 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for applying a plurality of modulating effects comprises means for applying at least one modulating effect having a transmission response of a modulating medium.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
70 words
A device for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing a plurality of modulating signals; means for applying a modulation effect to a resultant of said means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing; and means for component-amplitude-division demultiplexing said plurality of signals; wherein said means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing and said means for component-amplitude-division demultiplexing collectively comprise means for multiplying a mixing matrix and means for multiplying an inverse of said mixing matrix.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
70 words
A device for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing a plurality of modulating signals; means for applying a modulation effect to a resultant of said means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing; and means for component-amplitude-division demultiplexing said plurality of signals; wherein said means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing and said means for component-amplitude-division demultiplexing collectively comprise means for multiplying a mixing matrix and means for multiplying an inverse of said mixing matrix.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
56 words
A device for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing a plurality of modulating signals; means for applying a modulation effect to a resultant of said means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing; and means for component-amplitude-division demultiplexing said plurality of signals; and means for error detection in response to a resultant of said means for component-amplitude-division demultiplexing.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
56 words
A device for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing a plurality of modulating signals; means for applying a modulation effect to a resultant of said means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing; and means for component-amplitude-division demultiplexing said plurality of signals; and means for error detection in response to a resultant of said means for component-amplitude-division demultiplexing.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
35 words
A device as in claim 22, wherein said means for error detection comprises means for generating a plurality of carrier signals using a number of carrier components in excess of a number of carrier signals.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
21 words
A device as in claim 22, wherein said means for error detection comprises means for multiplying a plurality of mixing matrices.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
56 words
A device for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing a plurality of modulating signals; means for applying a modulation effect to a resultant of said means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing; and means for component-amplitude-division demultiplexing said plurality of signals; and means for error correction in response to a resultant of said means for component-amplitude-division demultiplexing.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
56 words
A device for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing a plurality of modulating signals; means for applying a modulation effect to a resultant of said means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing; and means for component-amplitude-division demultiplexing said plurality of signals; and means for error correction in response to a resultant of said means for component-amplitude-division demultiplexing.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
30 words
A device as in claim 25, wherein said means for error correction comprises means for majority voting a resultant of component-amplitude-division multiplexing and demultiplexing with a plurality of mixing matrices.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
50 words
A method of collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising the steps of multiplying a mixing matrix and a vector of component signals; applying a plurality of modulating effects to a resultant of said step of multiplying; and multiplying an inverse of said mixing matrix and a resultant of said step of applying.
Claim 32
Independent Claim
50 words
A method of collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising the steps of multiplying a mixing matrix and a vector of component signals; applying a plurality of modulating effects to a resultant of said step of multiplying; and multiplying an inverse of said mixing matrix and a resultant of said step of applying.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method as in claim 27, wherein said step of applying comprises the step of directing said resultant at animal tissues.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method as in claim 27, wherein said step of applying comprises the step of directing said resultant at a modulating medium comprising at least one of the group: blood, blood vessels, bone marrow, ligament, muscle, skin.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method as in claim 27 wherein comprising determining blood gas data in response to a resultant of said step of multiplying an inverse.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method as in claim 27, comprising determining at least one of blood oxygen, blood carbon dioxide, or blood carbon monoxide.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method as in claim 27, wherein said mixing matrix is a square matrix.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method as in claim 27, wherein at least one of said component signals comprises a sum of at least one of a sine wave, or a square wave.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method as in claim 27, wherein at least one of said modulating effects comprises amplitude modulation.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method as in claim 27, wherein said modulating effects comprise an amplitude modulation effect which varies with energy wavelength.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method as in claim 27, wherein at least one of said modulating effects comprises a time-varying component.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method as in claim 27, wherein at least one of said modulating effects comprises a time-varying component which is correlated with a biological process.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method as in claim 27, wherein at least one of said modulating effects comprises at least one transmission response of a modulating medium.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method as in claim 27, comprising the steps of detecting a composite resultant of said step of applying; and separating said composite resultant into a vector resultant.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method as in claim 39, wherein said step of separating comprises at least one hetrodyning step.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as in claim 39, wherein said composite resultant comprises a sum of at least two elements of said vector resultant.
Claim 47
Independent Claim
53 words
A method of collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising the steps of component-amplitude-division multiplexing a plurality of modulating signals; applying a modulation effect to a resultant of said means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing; and component-amplitude-division demultiplexing said plurality of signals; and performing of error detection in response to a resultant of said step of component-amplitude-division demultiplexing.
Claim 48
Independent Claim
53 words
A method of collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising the steps of component-amplitude-division multiplexing a plurality of modulating signals; applying a modulation effect to a resultant of said means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing; and component-amplitude-division demultiplexing said plurality of signals; and performing of error detection in response to a resultant of said step of component-amplitude-division demultiplexing.
Claim 49
Independent Claim
52 words
A method of collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising the steps of component-amplitude-division multiplexing a plurality of modulating signals; applying a modulation effect to a resultant of said means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing; and component-amplitude-division demultiplexing said plurality of signals; and performing error correction in response to a resultant of said step of component-amplitude-division demultiplexing.
Claim 50
Independent Claim
52 words
A method of collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising the steps of component-amplitude-division multiplexing a plurality of modulating signals; applying a modulation effect to a resultant of said means for component-amplitude-division multiplexing; and component-amplitude-division demultiplexing said plurality of signals; and performing error correction in response to a resultant of said step of component-amplitude-division demultiplexing.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method as in claim 43, wherein said step of error correction comprises majority voting a resultant of component-amplitude-division multiplexing and demultiplexing with a plurality of mixing matrices.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1997-09-26 | 1998-03-28 | 1998-09-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2001-09-26 | 2002-03-28 | 2002-09-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2005-09-26 | 2006-03-28 | 2006-09-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |