US5343818A
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US
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Photoplethysmographics using energy-reducing waveform shaping
Assignee: SENSORMEDICS CORP A CORP OF UNITED STATES
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Filing: 1991-03-05
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Granted: 1994-09-06
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Expires: 2011-03-05
Abstract
Abstract A method of energy-reducing waveform shaping of carrier signals in a photoplethysmographic system, in which a carrier signal may comprise a time-varying periodic waveform comprising a sum of carrier components. The carrier signal has its energy reduced by adding additional carrier components, which reduce the energy envelope for a period of the carrier signal, while preserving the signal information. The method of energy-reducing waveform shaping may be coupled with frequency-division, phase-division and component-amplitude-division multiplexing, and more generally with any method of multiplexing which employs a time-varying periodic carrier signal. Redundant information may be used for error detection and correction. A plurality of carrier components may be chosen which reduces the energy envelope for a period of the carrier signal, and which employs more carrier components than needed to perform the preferred form of multiplexing and demultiplexing of the modulation effects introduced by a tissue section of the patient. Majority voting of carrier components may then provide for error detection and correction.
Inventors
- 👤 Rex McCarthy
- 👤 Robert Smith
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 17:43
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B5/00; A61B5/41; A61B5/414; A61B5/417; A61B5/145; A61B5/1455
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 57
Claim 1
Independent Claim
149 words
A device for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising means for generating a first and a second signal, said first and second signals each comprising at least one carrier component, each said carrier component having a component energy, wherein at least one of said first and second signals has a plurality of said carrier components and has an energy less than the sum of its respective component energies; means for applying said first and second signal to a modulating medium; means for detecting a composite signal at an output of said modulating medium, said modulating medium having a first and a second modulating effect; and means for generating a first and a second output signal responsive to said composite signal, said first output signal corresponding to said first modulating effect applied to said first signal and said second output signal corresponding to said second modulating effect applied to said second signal.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
149 words
A device for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising means for generating a first and a second signal, said first and second signals each comprising at least one carrier component, each said carrier component having a component energy, wherein at least one of said first and second signals has a plurality of said carrier components and has an energy less than the sum of its respective component energies; means for applying said first and second signal to a modulating medium; means for detecting a composite signal at an output of said modulating medium, said modulating medium having a first and a second modulating effect; and means for generating a first and a second output signal responsive to said composite signal, said first output signal corresponding to said first modulating effect applied to said first signal and said second output signal corresponding to said second modulating effect applied to said second signal.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
21 words
A device as in claim 1, comprising means for determining, in response to a set of photoplethysmographic data, blood gas data.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
31 words
A device as in claim 1, comprising means for determining, in response to a set of photoplethysmo-graphic data, at least one of blood oxygen, blood carbon dioxide, or blood carbon monoxide.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
30 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for generating a first and a second signal comprises means for generating first and second signals which comprise differing frequency spectra.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
32 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for generating a first and a second signal comprises means for generating first and second signals which comprise disjoint sets of carrier components.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
33 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for generating a first and a second signal comprises means for generating first and second signals which are periodic time-varying signals with differing periods.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
24 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for generating comprises means for generating first and second signals which comprise identical frequency spectra.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
26 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for generating comprises means for generating first and second signals which comprise identical sets of carrier components.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
27 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for generating comprises means for generating first and second signals which are periodic time-varying signals with identical periods.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
32 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for generating comprises means for generating first and second signals which differ in phase with respect to at least one said carrier component.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
30 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for generating comprises means for generating first and second signals which are periodic time-varying signals which are identical except for phase.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
29 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for generating comprises means for generating first and second signals which differ in amplitude for at least one carrier component.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
33 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for generating comprises means for generating first and second signals which are periodic time-varying signals which are identical except for amplitude of carrier components.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
53 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for generating a first and a second signal comprises means for generating at least one signal comprising a plurality of component signals, at least one of said carrier components comprising a sum of at least one of a sine wave or, a square wave.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
16 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for applying comprises a plurality of light-emitters.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
23 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for applying comprises a plurality of light-emitters tuned to at least two differing wavelengths.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
27 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for applying comprises means for directing at least one of said first and second signals at animal tissue.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
38 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for applying comprises means for directing at least one of said first and second signals toward at least one of blood, blood vessels, bone marrow, ligament, muscle, or skin.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
14 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for detecting comprises a photodiode.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
40 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for detecting a composite signal comprises means for detecting a sum of said first modulating effect applied to said first signal and said second modulating effect applied to said second signal.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
41 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for detecting a composite signal comprises means for detecting a composite signal comprising a result of a plurality of modulating effects, wherein at least one of said modulating effects comprises amplitude modulation.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
47 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for detecting a composite signal comprises means for detecting a composite signal comprising a result of a plurality of modulating effects, wherein said first and second modulating effects comprise an amplitude modulation effect which varies with energy wavelength.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
45 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for detecting a composite signal comprises means for detecting a composite signal comprising a result of a plurality of modulating effects, wherein at least one of said first and second modulating effects comprises a time-varying component.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
52 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for detecting a composite signal comprises means for detecting a composite signal comprising a result of a plurality of modulating effects, wherein at least one of said first and second modulating effects comprises a time-varying component which is correlated with a biological process.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
55 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein said means for detecting a composite signal comprises means for detecting a composite signal comprising a result of a plurality of modulating effects, wherein at least one of said first and second modulating effects comprises at least one transmission response of said modulating medium at a predetermined frequency.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
142 words
A device for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising means for generating a first and a second signal, said first and second signals each comprising at least one carrier component, each said carrier component having a component energy, wherein said first signal has a plurality of said carrier components and has an energy less than the sum of its component energies; means for applying said first and second signal to a modulating medium; means for detecting a composite signal at an output of said modulating medium, said modulating medium having a first and a second modulating effect; and means for generating a first and a second output signal responsive to said composite signal, said first output signal corresponding to said first modulating effect applied to said first signal and said second output signal corresponding to said second modulating effect applied to said second signal.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
142 words
A device for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising means for generating a first and a second signal, said first and second signals each comprising at least one carrier component, each said carrier component having a component energy, wherein said first signal has a plurality of said carrier components and has an energy less than the sum of its component energies; means for applying said first and second signal to a modulating medium; means for detecting a composite signal at an output of said modulating medium, said modulating medium having a first and a second modulating effect; and means for generating a first and a second output signal responsive to said composite signal, said first output signal corresponding to said first modulating effect applied to said first signal and said second output signal corresponding to said second modulating effect applied to said second signal.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
144 words
A device for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising means for generating a plurality of signals, said plurality of signals each comprising at least one component signal, each said component signal having a component energy, wherein at least one of said plurality of signals has a plurality of said carrier components and has an energy less than the sum of its respective component energies; means for applying said plurality of signals to a modulating medium; means for detecting a composite signal at an output of said modulating medium, said modulating medium having a first and a second modulating effect; and means for generating a first and a second output signal responsive to said composite signal, said first output signal corresponding to said first modulating effect applied to said first signal and said second output signal corresponding to said second modulating effect applied to said second signal.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
144 words
A device for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising means for generating a plurality of signals, said plurality of signals each comprising at least one component signal, each said component signal having a component energy, wherein at least one of said plurality of signals has a plurality of said carrier components and has an energy less than the sum of its respective component energies; means for applying said plurality of signals to a modulating medium; means for detecting a composite signal at an output of said modulating medium, said modulating medium having a first and a second modulating effect; and means for generating a first and a second output signal responsive to said composite signal, said first output signal corresponding to said first modulating effect applied to said first signal and said second output signal corresponding to said second modulating effect applied to said second signal.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
144 words
A method for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising the steps of generating a first and a second signal, said first and second signals each comprising at least one carrier component, each said carrier component having a component energy, wherein at least one of said first and second signals has a plurality of said carrier components and has an energy less than the sum of its respective component energies; applying said first and second signal to a modulating medium; detecting a composite signal at an output of said modulating medium, said modulating medium having a first and a second modulating effect; and generating a first and a second output signal responsive to said composite signal, said first output signal corresponding to said first modulating effect applied to said first signal and said second output signal corresponding to said second modulating effect applied to said second signal.
Claim 32
Independent Claim
144 words
A method for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising the steps of generating a first and a second signal, said first and second signals each comprising at least one carrier component, each said carrier component having a component energy, wherein at least one of said first and second signals has a plurality of said carrier components and has an energy less than the sum of its respective component energies; applying said first and second signal to a modulating medium; detecting a composite signal at an output of said modulating medium, said modulating medium having a first and a second modulating effect; and generating a first and a second output signal responsive to said composite signal, said first output signal corresponding to said first modulating effect applied to said first signal and said second output signal corresponding to said second modulating effect applied to said second signal.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as in claim 28, comprising the step of determining, in response to a set of photoplethysmographic data, blood gas data.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method as in claim 28, comprising the step of determining, in response to a set of photoplethysmographic data, at least one of blood oxygen, blood carbon dioxide, or blood carbon monoxide.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of generating said first and second signals comprises generating said first and second signals having differing frequency spectra.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of generating said first and second signals comprises generating said first and second signals having disjoint sets of carrier components.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of generating said first and second signals comprises generating said first and second signals which are periodic time-varying signals with differing periods.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of generating said first and second signals comprises generating said first and second signals which comprise identical frequency spectra.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of generating said first and second signals comprises generating said first and second signals which comprise identical sets of carrier components.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of generating said first and second signals comprises generating said first and second signals which are periodic time-varying signals with identical periods.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of generating said first and second signals comprises generating said first and second signals which differ in phase with respect to at least one said carrier component.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of generating said first and second signals comprises generating said first and second signals which are periodic time-varying signals which are identical except for phase.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of generating said first and second signals comprises generating said first and second signals which differ in amplitude for at least one carrier component.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of generating said first and second signals comprises generating said first and second signals which are periodic time-varying signals which are identical except for amplitude of carrier components.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
55 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of generating a first and a second signal comprises the step of generating at least one signal comprising a plurality of carrier components, at least one of said carrier components comprising a sum of at least one of the group: a sine wave, a square wave.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of applying comprises the step of directing at least one of said first and second signals at animal tissue.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of applying comprises the step of directing at least one of said first and second signals toward at least one of blood, blood vessels, bone marrow, ligament, muscle, or skin.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of detecting a composite signal comprises the step of detecting a composite signal which comprises a sum of said first modulating effect applied to said first signal and said second modulating effect applied to said second signal.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
45 words
A device as in claim 28, wherein said step of detecting a composite signal comprises the step of detecting a composite signal comprising a result of a plurality of modulating effects, wherein at least one of said first and second modulating effects comprises amplitude modulation.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
52 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of detecting a composite signal comprises the step of detecting a composite signal comprising a result of a plurality of modulating effects, wherein at least one of said first and second modulating effects comprise an amplitude modulation effect which varies with energy wavelength.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of detecting a composite signal comprises the step of detecting a composite signal comprising a result of a plurality of modulating effects, wherein at least one of said first and second modulating effects comprises a time-varying component.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
53 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of detecting a composite signal comprises the step of detecting a composite signal comprising a result of a plurality of modulating effects, wherein at least one of said first and second modulating effects comprises a time-varying component which is correlated with a biological process.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
56 words
A method as in claim 28, wherein said step of detecting a composite signal comprises the step of detecting a composite signal comprising a result of a plurality of modulating effects, wherein at least one of said first and second modulating effects comprises at least one transmission response of said modulating medium at a predetermined frequency.
Claim 54
Independent Claim
137 words
A method for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising the steps of generating a first and a second signal, said first and second signals each comprising at least one carrier component, each said carrier component having a component energy, wherein said first signal has a plurality of said carrier components and has an energy less than the sum of its component energies; applying said first and second signal to a modulating medium; detecting a composite signal at an output of said modulating medium, said modulating medium having a first and a second modulating effect; and generating a first and a second output signal responsive to said composite signal, said first output signal corresponding to said first modulating effect applied to said first signal and said second output signal corresponding to said second modulating effect applied to said second signal.
Claim 55
Independent Claim
137 words
A method for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising the steps of generating a first and a second signal, said first and second signals each comprising at least one carrier component, each said carrier component having a component energy, wherein said first signal has a plurality of said carrier components and has an energy less than the sum of its component energies; applying said first and second signal to a modulating medium; detecting a composite signal at an output of said modulating medium, said modulating medium having a first and a second modulating effect; and generating a first and a second output signal responsive to said composite signal, said first output signal corresponding to said first modulating effect applied to said first signal and said second output signal corresponding to said second modulating effect applied to said second signal.
Claim 56
Independent Claim
139 words
A method for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising the steps of generating a plurality of signals, said plurality of signals each comprising at least one component signal, each said component signal having a component energy, wherein at least one of said plurality of signals has a plurality of said carrier components and has an energy less than the stun of its respective component energies; applying said plurality of signals to a modulating medium; detecting a composite signal at an output of said modulating medium, said modulating medium having a first and a second modulating effect; and generating a first and a second output signal responsive to said composite signal, said first output signal corresponding to said first modulating effect applied to said first signal and said second output signal corresponding to said second modulating effect applied to said second signal.
Claim 57
Independent Claim
139 words
A method for collecting photoplethysmographic data, comprising the steps of generating a plurality of signals, said plurality of signals each comprising at least one component signal, each said component signal having a component energy, wherein at least one of said plurality of signals has a plurality of said carrier components and has an energy less than the stun of its respective component energies; applying said plurality of signals to a modulating medium; detecting a composite signal at an output of said modulating medium, said modulating medium having a first and a second modulating effect; and generating a first and a second output signal responsive to said composite signal, said first output signal corresponding to said first modulating effect applied to said first signal and said second output signal corresponding to said second modulating effect applied to said second signal.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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