US5340842A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Low density porous crosslinked polymeric materials
Assignee: Shell USA Inc
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Filing: 1994-01-19
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Granted: 1994-08-23
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Expires: 2014-01-19
Abstract
Abstract Stable high internal phase water-in-oil emulsions containing polymerizable vinyl monomers, crosslinking monomers and polymerization initiators are obtained by using saccharide fatty acid esters as surfactants. The amount of surfactants necessary to form stable high internal phase water-in-oil emulsions is decreased by using saccharide fatty acid esters as surfactants. Further, hydrophobic foams can be obtained by using saccharide fatty acid esters.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert P. Adamski
- 👤 Maryanne Mores
- 👤 Pui K. Wong
- 👤 Diana D. Davis
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 16:13
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N13/00; C; C08; C08F; C08F2/00; C08F2/32; C08J; C08J9/00; C08J9/28; C08J2201/00; C08J2201/04; C08J2201/05; C08J2201/0504; G01N13/02; G01N2013/0241; G01N2013/025
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
152 words
A porous crosslinked polymeric material having an absorbency ratio of Syn-Urine vertical wicking time to decane vertical wicking time of greater than 10 produced by the process comprising the steps of: (a) providing a water-in-oil emulsion comprising (i) a mixture of polymerizable monomers comprising at least one vinyl monomer and from about 2 to about 70 weight percent, based on the mixture, of a multifunctional unsaturated crosslinking monomer, (ii) at least 90 weight percent, based on the emulsion, of water as the internal phase, (iii) an effective amount of a surfactant comprising at least one saccharide fatty acid ester to produce the water-in-oil emulsion, and (iv) an effective amount of at least one polymerization initiator to polymerize and crosslink the polymerizable monomers; and (b) heating the water-in-oil emulsion under conditions effective to polymerize and crosslink the polymerizable monomers, and (c) removing at least a portion of the water in said crosslinked emulsion.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
152 words
A porous crosslinked polymeric material having an absorbency ratio of Syn-Urine vertical wicking time to decane vertical wicking time of greater than 10 produced by the process comprising the steps of: (a) providing a water-in-oil emulsion comprising (i) a mixture of polymerizable monomers comprising at least one vinyl monomer and from about 2 to about 70 weight percent, based on the mixture, of a multifunctional unsaturated crosslinking monomer, (ii) at least 90 weight percent, based on the emulsion, of water as the internal phase, (iii) an effective amount of a surfactant comprising at least one saccharide fatty acid ester to produce the water-in-oil emulsion, and (iv) an effective amount of at least one polymerization initiator to polymerize and crosslink the polymerizable monomers; and (b) heating the water-in-oil emulsion under conditions effective to polymerize and crosslink the polymerizable monomers, and (c) removing at least a portion of the water in said crosslinked emulsion.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
17 words
A porous crosslinked vinyl polymeric foam material having incorporated therein at least one saccharide fatty acid ester.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
A porous crosslinked vinyl polymeric foam material having incorporated therein at least one saccharide fatty acid ester.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
33 words
A porous crosslinked vinyl polymeric foam material of claim 2 having a dry density of less than 0.1 g/cc formed from a water-in-oil emulsion, said emulsion containing at least 90% by weight water.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
37 words
A porous crosslinked vinyl polymeric foam material of claim 2 having a dry density of less than 0.1 g/cc and an absorbency ratio of Syn-Urine vertical wicking time to decane vertical wicking time of greater than 10.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
90 words
A curable water-in-oil emulsion composition comprising: (a) a mixture of polymerizable monomers comprising at least one vinyl monomer and from about 2 to about 70 weight percent, based on the mixture, of a multifunctional unsaturated crosslinking monomer; (b) at least 90 weight percent, based on the emulsion, of water as the internal phase; (c) an effective amount of a surfactant comprising at least one saccharide fatty acid ester to produce the curable water-in-oil emulsion; and (d) an effective amount of a polymerization initiator to polymerize and crosslink the polymerizable monomers.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
90 words
A curable water-in-oil emulsion composition comprising: (a) a mixture of polymerizable monomers comprising at least one vinyl monomer and from about 2 to about 70 weight percent, based on the mixture, of a multifunctional unsaturated crosslinking monomer; (b) at least 90 weight percent, based on the emulsion, of water as the internal phase; (c) an effective amount of a surfactant comprising at least one saccharide fatty acid ester to produce the curable water-in-oil emulsion; and (d) an effective amount of a polymerization initiator to polymerize and crosslink the polymerizable monomers.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
41 words
The composition of claim 5 wherein the saccharide fatty acid ester is a fatty acid ester of a saccharide having the formula C n (H 2 O) n-r wherein r is an integer from 0 to 3 and 3 (r+1)≦n≦10(r+1) .
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
21 words
The composition of claim 5 wherein the saccharide fatty acid ester is partially alkylated in the hydroxyl positions of the saccharides.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
27 words
The composition of claim 6 wherein the saccharide fatty acid ester has at least one fatty acid ester moiety having C 8 to C 22 hydrocarbyl sequent.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
40 words
The composition of claim 6 wherein the saccharide fatty acid ester has an ester value within the range of about 100 mg to 250 mg KOH/g or hydroxyl value within the range of about 100 to about 500 mg KOH/g.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
27 words
The composition of claim 9 wherein the saccharide fatty acid ester has at least one fatty acid ester moiety having C 12 to C 20 hydrocarbyl segment.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
40 words
The composition of claim 10 wherein the saccharide fatty acid ester has an ester value within the range of about 100 mg to 250 mg KOH/g and hydroxyl value within the range of about 100 to about 500 mg KOH/g.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
35 words
The composition of claim 5 wherein the saccharide fatty acid ester is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid esters of sucrose, fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, mannose, arabitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol and raffinose.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
31 words
The composition of claim 5 in which the vinyl monomer is selected from the group consisting of monoalkenyl arenes, acrylate or methacrylate esters, conjugated diolefins, allenes, olefin halides, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
48 words
The composition of claim 13 in which the multifunctional unsaturated crosslinking monomer is selected from the group consisting of divinyl benzene, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate, allyl methacrylate trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, glucose pentaacrylate, glucose diethylmercaptal pentaacrylate, sorbitan triacrylate, sucrose per(meth)acrylate, and cellulose (meth)acrylate.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
27 words
The composition of claim 6 in which the water-in-oil emulsion comprises as the internal phase, at least about 95 weight percent, based on the emulsion, of water.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
30 words
The composition of claim 5 in which the surfactant is present in an amount from above about 0.1 weight percent to about 40 weight percent based on the polymerizable monomers.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition of claim 3 in which the surfactant further comprises at least one sorbitan fatty acid ester.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition of claim 5 in which the saccharide fatty acid ester is a disaccharide difatty acid ester.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1997-08-22 | 1998-02-21 | 1998-08-23 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2001-08-22 | 2002-02-21 | 2002-08-23 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2005-08-22 | 2006-02-21 | 2006-08-23 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |