US5339164A
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Method and apparatus for encoding of data using both vector quantization and runlength encoding and using adaptive runlength encoding
Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Filing: 1991-12-24
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Granted: 1994-08-16
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Expires: 2011-12-24
Abstract
Abstract A method is disclosed of encoding location information pertaining to a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, there being a generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in the position signal with respect to the type of source signal. The method includes the steps of: for a first component of the position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of the selected coefficients by a method that has a relatively high efficiency with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in the first component; and for a second component of the position signal, encoding the locations of the selected coefficients by a method that has a relatively high efficiency with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in the second component. For instance, runlength encoding can be used for both components, with different codebooks being used for each. Alternatively, vector coding can be used for one component, with runlength encoding (either standard, or with multiple codebooks) being used for the other component. Both encoding and decoding methods are described, as well as apparatus to carry out the methods of encoding and decoding described.
Inventors
- 👤 Jae S. Lim
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 14:28
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06T; G06T9/00; G06T9/008; G06V; G06V10/00; G06V10/40; G06V10/42; G06V10/421; H; H04; H04N; H04N19/00; H04N19/10; H04N19/134; H04N19/154; H04N19/90; H04N19/93; H04N19/94; H04N19/102; H04N19/124; H04N19/13; H04N19/132; H04N19/30; H04N19/60; H04N19/91
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 30
Claim 1
Independent Claim
78 words
A method of encoding location information pertaining to a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said method comprising the steps of: a. for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by vector quantization; and b. for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by runlength encoding.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
78 words
A method of encoding location information pertaining to a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said method comprising the steps of: a. for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by vector quantization; and b. for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by runlength encoding.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
72 words
The method of claim 1 said step of generating a signal by runlength encoding comprising the steps of: a. for a first run segment of said second component of said position signal, encoding the locations of said selected coefficients using a first codebook; and b. for at least one additional segment of said second component of said position signal, encoding the locations of said selected coefficients using at least one additional codebook.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
86 words
A method of runlength encoding location information pertaining to a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said method comprising the steps of: a. for a first run segment of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients using a first codebook; and b. for at least one additional segment of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients using at least one additional codebook.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
86 words
A method of runlength encoding location information pertaining to a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said method comprising the steps of: a. for a first run segment of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients using a first codebook; and b. for at least one additional segment of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients using at least one additional codebook.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
100 words
A method of encoding location information pertaining to a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said method comprising the steps of: a. for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a method that groups the locations into a pattern in at least one dimension; and b. for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a method that measures the distance between the locations of selected coefficients.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
100 words
A method of encoding location information pertaining to a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said method comprising the steps of: a. for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a method that groups the locations into a pattern in at least one dimension; and b. for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a method that measures the distance between the locations of selected coefficients.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
187 words
A method of encoding location information pertaining to a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, there being a generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said source position signal, said method comprising the steps of: a. for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a first method that has a first efficiency with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said first component; and b. for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a second method that has a second efficiency with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said second component, wherein said second efficiency is higher than the efficiency of said first method with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said second component and wherein said first efficiency is higher than the efficiency of said second method with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said first component.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
187 words
A method of encoding location information pertaining to a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, there being a generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said source position signal, said method comprising the steps of: a. for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a first method that has a first efficiency with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said first component; and b. for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a second method that has a second efficiency with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said second component, wherein said second efficiency is higher than the efficiency of said first method with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said second component and wherein said first efficiency is higher than the efficiency of said second method with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said first component.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
124 words
A method of decoding a signal based on encoding a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said encoding signal having been generated by the steps of: for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by vector quantization; and for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by runlength encoding; said method of decoding comprising the steps of: a. decoding said signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients that was generated by runlength encoding; and b. decoding said signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients that was generated by vector quantization.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
124 words
A method of decoding a signal based on encoding a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said encoding signal having been generated by the steps of: for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by vector quantization; and for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by runlength encoding; said method of decoding comprising the steps of: a. decoding said signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients that was generated by runlength encoding; and b. decoding said signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients that was generated by vector quantization.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
108 words
The decoding method of claim 6, said step of runlength encoding having further included the steps of: for a first run segment of said second component of said position signal, encoding the locations of said selected coefficients using a first codebook; and for at least one additional segment of said second component of said position signal, encoding the locations of said selected coefficients using at least one additional codebook, said decoding method further comprising the steps of: a. decoding said locations encoded using a first codebook by using a first reverse codebook; and b. decoding said locations encoded using a second codebook by using a second reverse codebook.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
128 words
A method of decoding a signal based on encoding by runlength a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said encoding signal having been generated by the steps of: for a first run segment of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients using a first codebook; and for at least one additional segment of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients using at least one additional codebook, said decoding method comprising the steps of: a. decoding said locations encoded using a first codebook by using a first reverse codebook; and b. decoding said locations encoded using a second codebook by using a second reverse codebook.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
128 words
A method of decoding a signal based on encoding by runlength a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said encoding signal having been generated by the steps of: for a first run segment of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients using a first codebook; and for at least one additional segment of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients using at least one additional codebook, said decoding method comprising the steps of: a. decoding said locations encoded using a first codebook by using a first reverse codebook; and b. decoding said locations encoded using a second codebook by using a second reverse codebook.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
160 words
A method of decoding a signal based on encoding a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said encoding signal having been generated by the steps of: for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a method that groups the locations into a pattern in at least one dimension; and for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a method that measures the distance between the locations of selected coefficients, said method of decoding comprising the steps of: a. decoding said signal encoding the locations that was generated by said method that groups the locations into a pattern in at least one dimension; and b. decoding said signal encoding the locations that was generated by said method that measures the distance between the locations of selected coefficients.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
160 words
A method of decoding a signal based on encoding a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said encoding signal having been generated by the steps of: for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a method that groups the locations into a pattern in at least one dimension; and for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a method that measures the distance between the locations of selected coefficients, said method of decoding comprising the steps of: a. decoding said signal encoding the locations that was generated by said method that groups the locations into a pattern in at least one dimension; and b. decoding said signal encoding the locations that was generated by said method that measures the distance between the locations of selected coefficients.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
224 words
A method of decoding a signal based on encoding a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, there being a generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said source position signal, said encoding signal having been generated by the steps of: for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a first method that has a first efficiency with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said first component; and for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a second method that has a second efficiency with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said second component, wherein said second efficiency is higher than the efficiency of said first method with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said second component and wherein said first efficiency is higher than the efficiency of said second method with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said first component. said method of decoding comprising: a. decoding said signal encoding the locations that was generated by said first method; and b. decoding said signal encoding the locations that was generated by said second method.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
224 words
A method of decoding a signal based on encoding a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, there being a generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said source position signal, said encoding signal having been generated by the steps of: for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a first method that has a first efficiency with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said first component; and for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a second method that has a second efficiency with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said second component, wherein said second efficiency is higher than the efficiency of said first method with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said second component and wherein said first efficiency is higher than the efficiency of said second method with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said first component. said method of decoding comprising: a. decoding said signal encoding the locations that was generated by said first method; and b. decoding said signal encoding the locations that was generated by said second method.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
97 words
An apparatus for encoding location information pertaining to a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said apparatus comprising: a. a runlength encoder for encoding the locations of said selected coefficients; and b. connected to said runlength encoder: i. first codebook memory for encoding the locations of said selected coefficients in a first run segment of said position signal; and ii. at least one additional codebook memory for encoding the locations of said selected coefficients in at least one additional run segment of said position signal.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
97 words
An apparatus for encoding location information pertaining to a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said apparatus comprising: a. a runlength encoder for encoding the locations of said selected coefficients; and b. connected to said runlength encoder: i. first codebook memory for encoding the locations of said selected coefficients in a first run segment of said position signal; and ii. at least one additional codebook memory for encoding the locations of said selected coefficients in at least one additional run segment of said position signal.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
74 words
An apparatus for encoding location information pertaining to a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said apparatus comprising: a. a vector quantizer for generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients in a first component of said position signal; and b. a runlength encoder for encoding the locations of said selected coefficients in a second component of said position signal.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
74 words
An apparatus for encoding location information pertaining to a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said apparatus comprising: a. a vector quantizer for generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients in a first component of said position signal; and b. a runlength encoder for encoding the locations of said selected coefficients in a second component of said position signal.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
124 words
An apparatus for decoding a signal based on encoding a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said encoding signal been generated by the steps of: for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by vector quantization; and for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by runlength encoding; said apparatus for decoding comprising: a. means for decoding said signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients that was generated by runlength encoding; and b. means for decoding said signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients that was generated by vector quantization.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
124 words
An apparatus for decoding a signal based on encoding a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said encoding signal been generated by the steps of: for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by vector quantization; and for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by runlength encoding; said apparatus for decoding comprising: a. means for decoding said signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients that was generated by runlength encoding; and b. means for decoding said signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients that was generated by vector quantization.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
159 words
An apparatus for decoding a signal based on encoding by runlength a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said encoding signal having been generated by the steps of: for a first run segment of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients using a first codebook; and for at least one additional run segment of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients using at least one additional codebook, said decoding apparatus comprising: a. a runlength decoder for decoding said locations; and b. connected to said runlength decoder: i. first codebook memory for decoding the locations of said selected coefficients in said first run segment of said position signal; and ii. at least one additional codebook memory for decoding the locations of said selected coefficients in said at least one additional run segment of said position signal.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
159 words
An apparatus for decoding a signal based on encoding by runlength a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said encoding signal having been generated by the steps of: for a first run segment of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients using a first codebook; and for at least one additional run segment of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients using at least one additional codebook, said decoding apparatus comprising: a. a runlength decoder for decoding said locations; and b. connected to said runlength decoder: i. first codebook memory for decoding the locations of said selected coefficients in said first run segment of said position signal; and ii. at least one additional codebook memory for decoding the locations of said selected coefficients in said at least one additional run segment of said position signal.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
167 words
An apparatus for decoding a signal based on encoding a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said encoding signal having been generated by the steps of: for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a method that groups the locations into a pattern in at least one dimension; and for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a method that measures the distance between the locations of selected coefficients, said apparatus for decoding comprising: a. pattern decoder means for decoding said signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by said method that groups the locations into a pattern in at least one dimension; and b. distance decoder means for decoding said signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by said method that measures the distance between the locations of selected coefficients.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
167 words
An apparatus for decoding a signal based on encoding a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, said encoding signal having been generated by the steps of: for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a method that groups the locations into a pattern in at least one dimension; and for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a method that measures the distance between the locations of selected coefficients, said apparatus for decoding comprising: a. pattern decoder means for decoding said signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by said method that groups the locations into a pattern in at least one dimension; and b. distance decoder means for decoding said signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by said method that measures the distance between the locations of selected coefficients.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
234 words
An apparatus for decoding a signal based on encoding a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, there being a generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said source position signal, said encoding signal having been generated by the steps of: for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a first method that has a first efficiency with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said first component; and for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a second method that has a second efficiency with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said second component, wherein said second efficiency is higher than the efficiency of said first method with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said second component and wherein said first efficiency is higher than the efficiency of said second method with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said first component, said apparatus for decoding comprising: a. first decoder means for decoding said signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by said first method; and b. second decoder means for decoding said signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by said second method.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
234 words
An apparatus for decoding a signal based on encoding a source position signal characterized by positions of a set of selected coefficients, ordered in at least one dimension, there being a generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said source position signal, said encoding signal having been generated by the steps of: for a first component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a first method that has a first efficiency with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said first component; and for a second component of said position signal, generating a signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by a second method that has a second efficiency with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said second component, wherein said second efficiency is higher than the efficiency of said first method with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said second component and wherein said first efficiency is higher than the efficiency of said second method with respect to the generally expected pattern of selected coefficients in said first component, said apparatus for decoding comprising: a. first decoder means for decoding said signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by said first method; and b. second decoder means for decoding said signal encoding the locations of said selected coefficients by said second method.
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