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US5336572A
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Vanadium oxide cathode active material and method of making same
Assignee: Valence Technology Inc
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Filing: 1993-06-14
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Granted: 1994-08-09
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Expires: 2013-06-14
Abstract
Abstract The present invention provides a lithium battery comprising a cathode active material having as its major component an oxide of vanadium, which is a compound of the general formula MxV3O8. The vanadium oxide active material of the invention is prepared by a series of steps in which a precursor ZV3O8-based compound undergoes quantitative ionic substitution to provide MxV3O8, where M is a mono-, di-, tri- or tetravalent metal or semi-metal element.
Inventors
- 👤 Rene Koksbang
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 20:06
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M4/00; H01M4/02; H01M4/36; H01M4/48; H01M4/485; C; C01; C01G; C01G31/00; H01M4/62; H01M4/621; H01M4/624; H01M4/625; H01M10/00; H01M10/05; H01M10/052; H01M4/13; H01M4/131; H01M4/52; H01M4/525; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 30
Claim 1
Independent Claim
63 words
A positive electrode comprising a carbon-containing material intermingled with an active material, said active material comprising a vanadium oxide compound represented by the nominal general formula M x V 3 O 8 , where M in the compound is a metal or semi-metal element other than Group I alkali metals, and where x has a value greater than zero and less than two.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
63 words
A positive electrode comprising a carbon-containing material intermingled with an active material, said active material comprising a vanadium oxide compound represented by the nominal general formula M x V 3 O 8 , where M in the compound is a metal or semi-metal element other than Group I alkali metals, and where x has a value greater than zero and less than two.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrode according to claim 1, wherein M is a mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-valent ion.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrode according to claim 1, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of transition metals.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
32 words
The electrode according to claim 1, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Rb, Cs, Ag, Cu, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Fe, Ni, Co, Zn, L, Cr, and Ce.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
59 words
A battery having a lithium-based negative electrode, and a positive electrode comprising a vanadium oxide compound represented by the nominal general formula M x v 3 O 8 , where M in the compound is a metal or semi-metal element other than Group I alkali metals, and where x has a value greater than zero and less than two.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
59 words
A battery having a lithium-based negative electrode, and a positive electrode comprising a vanadium oxide compound represented by the nominal general formula M x v 3 O 8 , where M in the compound is a metal or semi-metal element other than Group I alkali metals, and where x has a value greater than zero and less than two.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
18 words
The battery according to claim 5, wherein M has a valency greater than 1 and less than 5.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
17 words
The battery according to claim 5, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of transition metals.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
30 words
The battery according to claim 5, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cu, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Fe, Ni, Co, Zn, L, Cr, and Ce.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
100 words
A lithium battery positive electrode comprising a carbon-containing material intermingled with an active material, said active material comprising a vanadium oxide compound in an initial or charged condition represented by the nominal general formula M x V 3 O 8 where M in the compound is a metal or semi-metal element other than zero and less than two, and in a partially or fully discharged condition comprising said compound in a lithiated state represented by the nominal general formula Li y M x V 3 O 8 where y has a value greater than zero and up to about 7.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
100 words
A lithium battery positive electrode comprising a carbon-containing material intermingled with an active material, said active material comprising a vanadium oxide compound in an initial or charged condition represented by the nominal general formula M x V 3 O 8 where M in the compound is a metal or semi-metal element other than zero and less than two, and in a partially or fully discharged condition comprising said compound in a lithiated state represented by the nominal general formula Li y M x V 3 O 8 where y has a value greater than zero and up to about 7.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
18 words
The positive electrode according to claim 9, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of transition metals.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
33 words
The positive electrode according to claim 9, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Rb, Cs, Ag, Cu, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Fe, Ni, Co, Zn, L, Cr, and Ce.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
102 words
A lithium battery positive electrode comprising an active material comprising a vanadium oxide compound in an initial or charged condition represented by the nominal general formula M x V 3 O 8 where M in the compound is a metal or semi-metal element other than Group I alkali metals and where x is greater than zero and less than two, and in a partially or fully discharged condition comprising said compound in a lithiated state represented by the nominal greater formula Li y M x V 3 O 8 where y has a value greater than zero and up to about 7.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
102 words
A lithium battery positive electrode comprising an active material comprising a vanadium oxide compound in an initial or charged condition represented by the nominal general formula M x V 3 O 8 where M in the compound is a metal or semi-metal element other than Group I alkali metals and where x is greater than zero and less than two, and in a partially or fully discharged condition comprising said compound in a lithiated state represented by the nominal greater formula Li y M x V 3 O 8 where y has a value greater than zero and up to about 7.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
18 words
The positive electrode according to claim 12, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of transition metals.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
31 words
The positive electrode according to claim 12, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cu, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Fe, Ni, Co, Zn, L, Cr, and Ce.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
146 words
A method of forming a compound for use as an active material of an electrode, comprising: a) forming an aqueous solution containing a compound having the general formula ZV 3 O 8 , where Z is a Group I alkali element, the aqueous solution being at an acidic pH sufficient to cause ion exchange of the Z+ ion by an H+ ion to thereby form a product of the general formula HV 3 O 8 ; b) forming a second solution comprising the product of step (a), and a salt of a metal or semi-metal element (M), where such element differs from the element Z of step (a); and c) ion exchanging the H+ ion with such different metal or semi-metal element (M+) at a temperature and for a time sufficient to thereby form a compound of the general formula M x V 3 8 .
Claim 20
Independent Claim
146 words
A method of forming a compound for use as an active material of an electrode, comprising: a) forming an aqueous solution containing a compound having the general formula ZV 3 O 8 , where Z is a Group I alkali element, the aqueous solution being at an acidic pH sufficient to cause ion exchange of the Z+ ion by an H+ ion to thereby form a product of the general formula HV 3 O 8 ; b) forming a second solution comprising the product of step (a), and a salt of a metal or semi-metal element (M), where such element differs from the element Z of step (a); and c) ion exchanging the H+ ion with such different metal or semi-metal element (M+) at a temperature and for a time sufficient to thereby form a compound of the general formula M x V 3 8 .
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method according to claim 15, wherein step (a) is conducted at a temperature of about 10° C. to about 85° C.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method according to claim 15, wherein step (c) is conducted at a temperature of about 10° C. to about 85° C.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method according to claim 15, wherein step (c) is conducted for a time of about two to about ten hours.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method according to claim 15, wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method according to claim 15, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of metal and semi-metal elements other than group I alkali metals.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method according to claim 15, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of transition metal elements.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
17 words
The positive electrode according to claim 1 wherein the carbon-containing material consists essentially of particles of carbon.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
26 words
The positive electrode according to claim 1 wherein the active material is in particle form and the active material particles are intermingled with the carbon particles.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
17 words
The positive electrode according to claim 9 wherein the carbon-containing material consists essentially of particles of carbon.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
26 words
The positive electrode according to claim 9 wherein the active material is in particle form and the active material particles are intermingled with the carbon particles.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4830930A
Cited
US5039582A
Cited
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