US5324457A
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Devices and methods for generating electrogenerated chemiluminescence
Assignee: The University of Texas System
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Filing: 1992-02-11
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Granted: 1994-06-28
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Expires: 2012-02-11
Abstract
Abstract Devices and methods for generating electrogenerated chemiluminescence, using an electrode which is coated with an immobilized layer of a compound capable of generating ECL. The coated electrode can be immersed along with a second electrode into an electrolyte solution containing a reactant which can react with the immobilized compound to generate ECL.
Inventors
- 👤 Xun Zhang
- 👤 Allen J. Bard
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 00:20
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09K; C09K11/00; C09K11/06; C09K11/07; F; F21; F21K; F21K2/00; F21K2/06; F21K2/08
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 38
Claim 1
Independent Claim
127 words
An ECL cell, comprising: a first electrode; a nonpolymeric layer of a first metal complex compound with an emissive excited state in the visible or near-visible region that can be oxidized or reduced, and which is capable of generating ECL during use, wherein the first metal complex compound is immobilized on at least one surface of the first electrode during use; a second electrode; an electrolyte solution containing a second compound capable of generating a reductant upon oxidation or an oxidant upon reduction, and capable of reacting with the first metal complex compound to produce the excited state of the first metal complex compound during use, the electrodes being immersed in the electrolyte solution; and an electrical potential supply for supplying an electrical potential between the electrodes.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
127 words
An ECL cell, comprising: a first electrode; a nonpolymeric layer of a first metal complex compound with an emissive excited state in the visible or near-visible region that can be oxidized or reduced, and which is capable of generating ECL during use, wherein the first metal complex compound is immobilized on at least one surface of the first electrode during use; a second electrode; an electrolyte solution containing a second compound capable of generating a reductant upon oxidation or an oxidant upon reduction, and capable of reacting with the first metal complex compound to produce the excited state of the first metal complex compound during use, the electrodes being immersed in the electrolyte solution; and an electrical potential supply for supplying an electrical potential between the electrodes.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
128 words
An ECL cell, comprising: a first electrode; a layer of a first metal complex compound with an emissive excited state in the visible or near-visible region that can be oxidized or reduced, and which is capable of generating ECL during use, wherein the first metal complex compound comprises a surfactant and is immobilized on at least one surface of the first electrode; a second electrode; an electrolyte solution containing a second compound capable of generating a reductant upon oxidation or an oxidant upon reduction, and capable of reacting with the first metal complex compound to produce the excited state of the first metal complex compound during use, the electrodes being immersed in the electrolyte solution; and an electrical potential supply for supplying an electrical potential between the electrodes.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
128 words
An ECL cell, comprising: a first electrode; a layer of a first metal complex compound with an emissive excited state in the visible or near-visible region that can be oxidized or reduced, and which is capable of generating ECL during use, wherein the first metal complex compound comprises a surfactant and is immobilized on at least one surface of the first electrode; a second electrode; an electrolyte solution containing a second compound capable of generating a reductant upon oxidation or an oxidant upon reduction, and capable of reacting with the first metal complex compound to produce the excited state of the first metal complex compound during use, the electrodes being immersed in the electrolyte solution; and an electrical potential supply for supplying an electrical potential between the electrodes.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
125 words
An ECL cell, comprising: a first electrode; a monomolecular layer of a first metal complex compound with an emissive excited state in the visible or near-visible region that can be oxidized or reduced, and which is capable of generating ECL during use, wherein the first metal complex compound is immobilized on at least one surface of the first electrode; a second electrode; an electrolyte solution containing a second compound capable of generating a reductant upon oxidation or an oxidant upon reduction, and capable of reacting with the first metal complex compound to produce the excited state of the first metal complex compound during use, the electrodes being immersed in the electrolyte solution; and an electrical potential supply for supplying an electrical potential between the electrodes.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
125 words
An ECL cell, comprising: a first electrode; a monomolecular layer of a first metal complex compound with an emissive excited state in the visible or near-visible region that can be oxidized or reduced, and which is capable of generating ECL during use, wherein the first metal complex compound is immobilized on at least one surface of the first electrode; a second electrode; an electrolyte solution containing a second compound capable of generating a reductant upon oxidation or an oxidant upon reduction, and capable of reacting with the first metal complex compound to produce the excited state of the first metal complex compound during use, the electrodes being immersed in the electrolyte solution; and an electrical potential supply for supplying an electrical potential between the electrodes.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
28 words
The cell of claim 1, wherein the immobilized layer comprises a molecular layer of the first metal complex compound having molecules aligned or oriented in a similar direction.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
13 words
The cell of claim 1, wherein the second compound comprises oxalate or tri-n-propylamine.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
19 words
The cell of claim 1, wherein the first metal complex compound comprises a derivative of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ .
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
34 words
The cell of claim 6, wherein the derivative of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ comprises a compound having the formula: ##STR4## wherein Y comprises a hydrocarbon chain having a length of at least about 8 carbons.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
19 words
The cell of claim 7, wherein the length of the hydrocarbon chain is from about 8 to 22 carbons.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
19 words
The cell of claim 7, wherein the length of the hydrocarbon chain is from about 12 to 22 carbons.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
13 words
The cell of claim 7, wherein the hydrocarbon chain comprises a stearamidomethylene chain.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
18 words
The cell of claim 7, wherein the hydrocarbon chain includes a thiol group anchored to the first electrode.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
13 words
The cell of claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises a semiconductive material.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
17 words
The cell of claim 1 or 11, wherein the first electrode comprises gold, platinum, silver, or mercury.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
18 words
The cell of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte solution is substantially free of molecules capable of generating ECL.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
The cell of claim 5, wherein the first metal complex compound comprises a derivative of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ .
Claim 19
Independent Claim
122 words
A method for generating ECL, comprising the steps of: immobilizing a nonpolymeric layer of a first metal complex compound with an emissive excited state in the visible or near-visible region that can be oxidized or reduced, and which is capable of generating ECL during use, on at least one surface of a first electrode; immersing the first electrode and a second electrode in an electrolyte solution containing a second compound capable of generating a reductant upon oxidation or an oxidant upon reduction, and capable of reacting with the first metal complex compound to produce the excited state of the first metal complex compound; and supplying an electrical potential between the electrodes such that the first and second compounds react to generate ECL.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
122 words
A method for generating ECL, comprising the steps of: immobilizing a nonpolymeric layer of a first metal complex compound with an emissive excited state in the visible or near-visible region that can be oxidized or reduced, and which is capable of generating ECL during use, on at least one surface of a first electrode; immersing the first electrode and a second electrode in an electrolyte solution containing a second compound capable of generating a reductant upon oxidation or an oxidant upon reduction, and capable of reacting with the first metal complex compound to produce the excited state of the first metal complex compound; and supplying an electrical potential between the electrodes such that the first and second compounds react to generate ECL.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
126 words
A method for generating ECL, comprising the steps of: immobilizing a layer of a first metal complex compound with an emissive excited state in the visible or near-visible region that can be oxidized or reduced, and which is capable of generating ECL during use, and which comprises a surfactant, on at least one surface of a first electrode; immersing the first electrode and a second electrode in an electrolyte solution containing a second compound capable of generating a reductant upon oxidation or an oxidant upon reduction, and capable of reacting with the first metal complex compound to produce the excited state of the first metal complex compound; and supplying an electrical potential between the electrodes such that the first and second compounds react to generate ECL.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
126 words
A method for generating ECL, comprising the steps of: immobilizing a layer of a first metal complex compound with an emissive excited state in the visible or near-visible region that can be oxidized or reduced, and which is capable of generating ECL during use, and which comprises a surfactant, on at least one surface of a first electrode; immersing the first electrode and a second electrode in an electrolyte solution containing a second compound capable of generating a reductant upon oxidation or an oxidant upon reduction, and capable of reacting with the first metal complex compound to produce the excited state of the first metal complex compound; and supplying an electrical potential between the electrodes such that the first and second compounds react to generate ECL.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
122 words
A method for generating ECL, comprising the steps of: immobilizing a monomolecular layer of a first metal complex compound with an emissive excited state in the visible or near-visible region that can be oxidized or reduced, and which is capable of generating ECL during use, on at least one surface of a first electrode; immersing the first electrode and a second electrode in an electrolyte solution containing a second compound capable of generating a reductant upon oxidation or an oxidant upon reduction, and capable of reacting with the first metal complex compound to produce the excited state of the first metal complex compound; and supplying an electrical potential between the electrodes such that the first and second compounds react to generate ECL.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
122 words
A method for generating ECL, comprising the steps of: immobilizing a monomolecular layer of a first metal complex compound with an emissive excited state in the visible or near-visible region that can be oxidized or reduced, and which is capable of generating ECL during use, on at least one surface of a first electrode; immersing the first electrode and a second electrode in an electrolyte solution containing a second compound capable of generating a reductant upon oxidation or an oxidant upon reduction, and capable of reacting with the first metal complex compound to produce the excited state of the first metal complex compound; and supplying an electrical potential between the electrodes such that the first and second compounds react to generate ECL.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 16, wherein the immobilized layer comprises a molecular layer of the first metal complex compound having molecules aligned or oriented in a similar direction.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 16, wherein the second compound comprises oxalate or tri-n-propylamine.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 16, wherein the first metal complex compound comprises a derivative of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ .
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 21, wherein the derivative of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ comprises a compound having the formula: ##STR5## wherein Y comprises a hydrocarbon chain having a length of at least about 8 carbons.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 22, wherein the hydrocarbon chain is from about 8 to 22 carbons.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 22, wherein the length of the hydrocarbon chain is from about 12 to 22 carbons.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 22, wherein the hydrocarbon chain comprises a stearamidomethylene chain.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 22, wherein the hydrocarbon chain includes a thiol group anchored to the first electrode.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 16 wherein the first electrode comprises a semiconductive material.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 16 or 26, wherein the first electrode comprises gold, platinum, silver, or mercury.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 16, wherein the electrolyte solution is substantially free of molecules capable of generating ECL.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 20, wherein the first metal complex compound comprises a derivative of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ .
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
39 words
The cell of claim 7, wherein the pyridine ring which is bridged with the Y-substituted pyridine ring is substituted at the C 5 ' position with a second hydrocarbon chain having a length of at least about 8 carbons.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method of claim 22, wherein the pyridine ring which is bridged with the Y-substituted pyridine ring is substituted at the C 5 ' position with a second hydrocarbon chain having a length of at least about 8 carbons.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1997-06-27 | 1997-12-27 | 1998-06-28 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2001-06-27 | 2001-12-27 | 2002-06-28 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2005-06-27 | 2005-12-27 | 2006-06-28 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |