Abstract Methods and apparatus for constructing optically stabilized, shutterless infrared capnographs are disclosed. The capnographs of the present invention provide the absolute concentration of the constituents of the respiratory airstream of a patient, without the thermal drift problems normally associated with thermopile detectors, thereby providing a device with a high degree of accuracy. The present invention eliminates the need for a mechanical shutter to modulate the incident infrared beam and the need for a modulated source, thereby increasing the reliability and response time of the devices disclosed. Capnographs which are substantially unaffected by changes in the ambient temperature at which they operate are provided by connecting pairs of optically filtered thermopiles in series and processing the resulting differential pair. In addition, techniques are provided for selecting overlapping optical filters for use with thermopiles with a minimum level of cross-talk. A processing technique is also given which allows the concentrations of two or more airstream constituents to be separately quantified even when such overlapping optical filters are used.
A method of selecting an optical filter for use in a gas analyzer which measures the concentration of a predetermined gas constituent, comprising the steps of: (a) selecting a nominal center wavelength for said optical filter which coincides with a center wavelength readily absorbed by said constituent; (b) selecting a nominal half-power bandwidth for said optical filler just wide enough to pass substantially all of the wavelengths absorbed by said constituent; (c) varying said nominal center wavelength so as to minimize modulation change as said optical filter is shifted over a predefined range of wavelengths; (d) varying said nominal center wavelength and said bandwidth so as to minimize cross-talk between said constituent and other constituents; and (e) varying said nominal center wavelength and said bandwidth so as to minimize changes in cross-talk as said optical filter is shifted over said predefined range of wavelengths.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
144 words
A method of selecting an optical filter for use in a gas analyzer which measures the concentration of a predetermined gas constituent, comprising the steps of: (a) selecting a nominal center wavelength for said optical filter which coincides with a center wavelength readily absorbed by said constituent; (b) selecting a nominal half-power bandwidth for said optical filler just wide enough to pass substantially all of the wavelengths absorbed by said constituent; (c) varying said nominal center wavelength so as to minimize modulation change as said optical filter is shifted over a predefined range of wavelengths; (d) varying said nominal center wavelength and said bandwidth so as to minimize cross-talk between said constituent and other constituents; and (e) varying said nominal center wavelength and said bandwidth so as to minimize changes in cross-talk as said optical filter is shifted over said predefined range of wavelengths.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 1, wherein said half-power bandwidth is selected to have a bandwidth greater than approximately 0.1 μm.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the modulation change is minimized over a 0.3 μm filter shift.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined gas constituent is CO 2 and the cross-talk modulation by N 2 O is less than approximately 0.7% for CO 2 .
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined gas constituent is N 2 O and the cross-talk modulation by CO 2 is less than approximately 1.0% for N 2 O.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 1, wherein steps (c)-(e) are performed by computer simulation.