US5241964A
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US
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Noninvasive, non-occlusive method and apparatus which provides a continuous indication of arterial pressure and a beat-by-beat characterization of the arterial system
Assignee: Medwave Inc
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Filing: 1990-10-31
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Granted: 1993-09-07
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Expires: 2010-10-31
Abstract
Abstract A noninvasive arterial pressure monitor provides calibrated, continuous pressure waveform and beat-by-beat pressure values with no occlusion of an artery during an extended monitoring period. Noninvasive doppler sensors are secured over a major artery. Signals from the sensors are used to mathematically characterize the artery. The time-varying arterial resonant frequency is correlated to blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle. Doppler sensors provide bi-directional flow velocity waveforms from which arterial resonant frequency may be calculated. A calibration cuff is used infrequently to calibrate the system to units of pressure.
Inventors
- 👤 Gary L. McQuilkin
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 13:59
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B8/00; A61B8/06; A61B5/00; A61B5/02; A61B5/021; A61B5/02108; A61B5/02125; A61B5/0215; A61B5/02156; A61B8/04
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 79
Claim 1
Independent Claim
103 words
An apparatus for measuring blood pressure comprising: noninvasive sensor means for providing an output representative of blood flow in a blood carrying artery; processing circuitry means coupled to the noninvasive sensor means for receiving the output representative of blood flow and providing a processed output; resonant frequency identification circuitry means coupled to the processing circuitry means for receiving the processed output, calculating a time-varying resonant frequency of the artery and providing a resonant frequency output; and output means coupled to the resonant frequency identification circuitry means for providing an output representative of blood pressure in the artery based upon the resonant frequency output.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
103 words
An apparatus for measuring blood pressure comprising: noninvasive sensor means for providing an output representative of blood flow in a blood carrying artery; processing circuitry means coupled to the noninvasive sensor means for receiving the output representative of blood flow and providing a processed output; resonant frequency identification circuitry means coupled to the processing circuitry means for receiving the processed output, calculating a time-varying resonant frequency of the artery and providing a resonant frequency output; and output means coupled to the resonant frequency identification circuitry means for providing an output representative of blood pressure in the artery based upon the resonant frequency output.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
33 words
The apparatus of claim 1 including calibration means coupled to the output means for calibrating a relationship between the time varying resonant frequency of the artery and the blood pressure in the artery.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the calibration means includes a noninvasive blood pressure measurement cuff.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
15 words
The apparatus of claim wherein the noninvasive sensor means comprises a plurality of doppler sensors.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
23 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the output means includes display means for displaying the output representative of blood pressure in the artery.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the output representative of blood pressure in the artery comprises a time varying blood pressure waveform.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
26 words
The apparatus of claim 1 including means for receiving the output of blood flow and decomposing the output into representative component parameters representative of a waveform.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus of claim 1 including means for calibrating the resonant frequency output in units of Hertz.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
The apparatus of claim 1 including means for receiving the resonant frequency output and calculating a waveform corresponding to the time-varying resonant frequency of the artery.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
104 words
An apparatus for measuring blood pressure comprising: noninvasive blood velocity sensor means for sensing blood flow velocity in an artery; means, coupled to the noninvasive blood velocity sensor means, for providing an output representative of a resonant frequency of the artery; a resonant frequency to blood pressure conversion circuit means, coupled to the means for providing an output representative of a resonant frequency of the artery, for converting a resonant frequency of the artery to a blood pressure output; and display means, coupled to the resonant frequency to blood pressure conversion circuit means, for displaying an output representative of blood pressure in the artery.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
104 words
An apparatus for measuring blood pressure comprising: noninvasive blood velocity sensor means for sensing blood flow velocity in an artery; means, coupled to the noninvasive blood velocity sensor means, for providing an output representative of a resonant frequency of the artery; a resonant frequency to blood pressure conversion circuit means, coupled to the means for providing an output representative of a resonant frequency of the artery, for converting a resonant frequency of the artery to a blood pressure output; and display means, coupled to the resonant frequency to blood pressure conversion circuit means, for displaying an output representative of blood pressure in the artery.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
30 words
The apparatus of claim 10 including calibration means coupled to the resonant frequency to blood pressure conversion circuit means for calibrating the output representative of blood pressure in the artery.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the calibration means comprises a noninvasive blood pressure measurement cuff.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the noninvasive blood velocity sensor means comprises a doppler sensor.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
25 words
The apparatus of claim 10 including means, connected to the noninvasive blood velocity sensor means, for decomposing a blood velocity waveform into its parameter components.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus of claim 10 including means for calibrating the resonant frequency output in units of Hertz.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
The apparatus of claim 10 including means for receiving the resonant frequency output and calculating a waveform corresponding to the time-varying resonant frequency of the artery.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
60 words
An apparatus for measuring blood pressure comprising: means for measuring an arterial parameter which correlates to arterial resonant frequency; means, coupled to the means for measuring an arterial parameter, for calculating blood pressure in the artery based upon arterial resonant frequency; and output means, coupled to the means for calculating blood pressure, for providing an output representative of blood pressure.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
60 words
An apparatus for measuring blood pressure comprising: means for measuring an arterial parameter which correlates to arterial resonant frequency; means, coupled to the means for measuring an arterial parameter, for calculating blood pressure in the artery based upon arterial resonant frequency; and output means, coupled to the means for calculating blood pressure, for providing an output representative of blood pressure.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
19 words
The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the means for measuring an arterial parameter blood velocity comprises a doppler sensor.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
31 words
The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the means for calculating blood pressure in the artery includes means for determining a resonant frequency waveform of the artery based upon the arterial parameter.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus of claim 17 including processing circuitry coupled to the means for measuring an arterial parameter through an artery.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus of claim 17 including calibration means coupled to the output means for calibrating a relationship between the arterial parameter and blood pressure in the artery.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the calibration means includes a noninvasive blood pressure measurement cuff.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the output means includes a display means for displaying the output representative of blood pressure.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
28 words
The apparatus of claim 17 including means, coupled to the means for measuring an arterial parameter for decomposing waveform formed from the arterial parameter into its parameter components.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
25 words
The apparatus of claim 17 including means, coupled to the means for calculating blood pressure, for calibrating arterial resonant frequency output in units of Hertz.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
26 words
The apparatus of claim 17 including means for calculating a waveform corresponding to the time-varying resonant frequency of the artery based upon the blood arterial parameter.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
66 words
A method of testing a blood vessel system, comprising: deriving from a blood vessel a first signal from which a time-varying resonant frequency is derived; processing the first signal to produce a second signal representative of the time-varying resonant frequency of the blood vessel system; and providing a test output based upon the second signal representative of the time-varying resonant frequency of the blood vessel system.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
66 words
A method of testing a blood vessel system, comprising: deriving from a blood vessel a first signal from which a time-varying resonant frequency is derived; processing the first signal to produce a second signal representative of the time-varying resonant frequency of the blood vessel system; and providing a test output based upon the second signal representative of the time-varying resonant frequency of the blood vessel system.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 27 wherein deriving a first signal, comprises deriving from a blood vessel a blood velocity signal representative of blood velocity.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 27 wherein deriving a first signal, comprises deriving a blood velocity signal from a doppler sensor.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 27 wherein the output includes a blood pressure output.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 27 wherein deriving from a first signal comprises, deriving a blood velocity signal based upon doppler shift.
Claim 36
Independent Claim
45 words
A method of measuring blood pressure comprising: noninvasively deriving from an artery a signal from which time-varying arterial resonant frequency is derived; processing the signal to produce a waveform representative of time-varying arterial resonant frequency; and providing a blood pressure output based upon the waveform.
Claim 37
Independent Claim
45 words
A method of measuring blood pressure comprising: noninvasively deriving from an artery a signal from which time-varying arterial resonant frequency is derived; processing the signal to produce a waveform representative of time-varying arterial resonant frequency; and providing a blood pressure output based upon the waveform.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 32 wherein noninvasively deriving a signal comprises deriving a blood velocity signal.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 32 wherein processing the signal comprises decomposing the signal into waveform component parameters.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 32 including calibrating the blood pressure output.
Claim 41
Independent Claim
35 words
A method of blood pressure measurement comprising: measuring blood flow velocity through an artery; deriving from the blood flow velocity an arterial resonant frequency waveform; and providing a blood pressure output based upon the waveform.
Claim 42
Independent Claim
35 words
A method of blood pressure measurement comprising: measuring blood flow velocity through an artery; deriving from the blood flow velocity an arterial resonant frequency waveform; and providing a blood pressure output based upon the waveform.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 36 wherein measuring blood flow velocity, comprises measuring doppler shift.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 36 including calibrating the blood pressure output.
Claim 45
Independent Claim
72 words
A method of measuring blood pressure comprising: sensing blood flow velocity in an artery with a first noninvasive sensor; sensing blood flow velocity in the artery with a second noninvasive sensor positioned distally along the artery with respect to the first noninvasive sensor; deriving from the blood flow velocities sensed by the first and second noninvasive sensors a time-varying arterial resonant frequency waveform; and providing blood pressure output derived from the waveform.
Claim 46
Independent Claim
72 words
A method of measuring blood pressure comprising: sensing blood flow velocity in an artery with a first noninvasive sensor; sensing blood flow velocity in the artery with a second noninvasive sensor positioned distally along the artery with respect to the first noninvasive sensor; deriving from the blood flow velocities sensed by the first and second noninvasive sensors a time-varying arterial resonant frequency waveform; and providing blood pressure output derived from the waveform.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 39 wherein sensing blood flow velocities comprises sensing dopper shift.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 39 including calibrating the blood pressure output.
Claim 49
Independent Claim
64 words
An apparatus for testing a blood vessel system comprising: a sensor means for coupling to a blood vessel system and providing a sensor output; means for processing the sensor output to produce a resonant frequency signal representative of a time-varying resonant frequency of the blood vessel system; and means for providing a test output representative of time-varying resonant frequency of the blood vessel system.
Claim 50
Independent Claim
64 words
An apparatus for testing a blood vessel system comprising: a sensor means for coupling to a blood vessel system and providing a sensor output; means for processing the sensor output to produce a resonant frequency signal representative of a time-varying resonant frequency of the blood vessel system; and means for providing a test output representative of time-varying resonant frequency of the blood vessel system.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus of claim 42 wherein the sensor means comprises a blood velocity sensor.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus of claim 42 wherein the sensor means comprises a doppler sensor.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 42 including means for receiving the resonant frequency signal and producing an output representative of blood pressure.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
22 words
The apparatus of claim 42 including means for calibrating an impedance plethysmography sensor to units of resonant frequency based upon the output.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
22 words
The apparatus of claim 42 including means for calibrating an infrared perfusion sensor to units of resonant frequency based upon the output.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
22 words
The apparatus of claim 42 including means for calibrating a partially inflated cuff to units of resonant frequency based upon the output.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
29 words
An apparatus of claim 42 including means for calibrating a pressure transducer for applying against the wall of an artery to units of resonant frequency based upon the output.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
22 words
An apparatus of claim 42 including means for calibrating a radio frequency sensor to units of resonant frequency based upon the output.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
22 words
An apparatus of claim 42 including means for calibrating a magnetic field sensor to units of resonant frequency based upon the output.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
21 words
An apparatus of claim 42 including means for calibrating an ultrasonic sensor to units of resonant frequency based upon the output.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
22 words
An apparatus of claim 42 including means for calibrating changes in arterial geometry to units of resonant frequency based upon the output.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus of claim 42 including means for deriving a nonstationary time delay of components of the output representative of time-varying resonant frequency based upon the output.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
29 words
The apparatus of claim 42 including means for deriving a time-varying propagation velocity of harmonic components of the output representative of a time-varying resonant frequency based upon the output.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
30 words
The apparatus of claim 42 including means for deriving a signal representative of time variable phase shifts in the output representative of a time-varying resonant frequency based upon the output.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
28 words
The apparatus of claim 42 including means for deriving an output representative of pulse-wave velocity based upon the output representative of time-varying resonant frequency based upon the output.
Claim 66
Independent Claim
58 words
An apparatus for measuring blood pressure, comprising: a noninvasive sensor means for deriving an arterial signal from which time-varying arterial resonant frequency is derived; signal processing means for receiving the arterial signal and producing an resonant frequency output representative of arterial time-varying resonant frequency; and means for providing a blood pressure output based upon the resonant frequency output.
Claim 67
Independent Claim
58 words
An apparatus for measuring blood pressure, comprising: a noninvasive sensor means for deriving an arterial signal from which time-varying arterial resonant frequency is derived; signal processing means for receiving the arterial signal and producing an resonant frequency output representative of arterial time-varying resonant frequency; and means for providing a blood pressure output based upon the resonant frequency output.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
15 words
The apparatus of claim 58 wherein the noninvasive sensor means comprises a blood velocity sensor.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus of claim 58 wherein the signal processing means includes means for decomposing the signal into waveform component parameters.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus of claim 58 including means for calibrating the blood pressure output.
Claim 71
Independent Claim
42 words
An apparatus for measuring blood pressure, comprising: means for measuring blood flow velocity through an artery; means for deriving from the blood flow velocity an arterial resonant frequency waveform; and output means for providing a blood pressure output based upon the waveform.
Claim 72
Independent Claim
42 words
An apparatus for measuring blood pressure, comprising: means for measuring blood flow velocity through an artery; means for deriving from the blood flow velocity an arterial resonant frequency waveform; and output means for providing a blood pressure output based upon the waveform.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus of claim 62 wherein the means for measuring blood velocity comprises a doppler shift sensor.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus of claim 62 including means for calibrating the blood pressure output.
Claim 75
Independent Claim
69 words
An apparatus for measuring blood pressure comprising: a first noninvasive sensor means for sensing blood flow velocity in an artery; a second noninvasive sensor means for sensing blood flow velocity in an artery; means for deriving from the blood flow velocities sensed by the first and second noninvasive sensor means a time-varying arterial resonant frequency waveform; and output means for providing a blood pressure output derived from the waveform.
Claim 76
Independent Claim
69 words
An apparatus for measuring blood pressure comprising: a first noninvasive sensor means for sensing blood flow velocity in an artery; a second noninvasive sensor means for sensing blood flow velocity in an artery; means for deriving from the blood flow velocities sensed by the first and second noninvasive sensor means a time-varying arterial resonant frequency waveform; and output means for providing a blood pressure output derived from the waveform.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 65 wherein the first and second noninvasive sensor means comprise doppler sensors.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
24 words
The apparatus of claim 65 wherein the output means comprises means for providing a blood pressure output representative of blood pressure in the artery.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus of claim 67 including means for calibrating the blood pressure output.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1996-09-06 | 1997-03-08 | 1997-09-07 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2000-09-06 | 2001-03-08 | 2001-09-07 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2004-09-06 | 2005-03-08 | 2005-09-07 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |