US5212622A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Large surface area electrodes
Assignee: Telectronics Pacing Systems Inc
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Filing: 1991-10-29
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Granted: 1993-05-18
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Expires: 2011-10-29
Abstract
Abstract A high surface area electrode formed from filler particles having a high surface to volume ratio in a binder able to support the conduction of ions. The binder may be a hydrophilic polymer and hydrogel able to swell to incorporate a solvent and its dissolved ionic material while retaining its mechanical strength. The swelling may be regulated by control of the degree of cross-linking of the binder material.
Inventors
- 👤 Douglas R. MacFarlane
- 👤 John R. Tetaz
- 👤 Maria Forsyth
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 16:20
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M4/00; H01M4/02; H01M4/62; H01M4/621; H01B; H01B1/00; H01B1/06; H01B1/12; H01B1/122; H01B1/20; H01B1/22; H01B1/24; H01M4/86; H01M6/00; H01M6/14; H01M6/18; H01M6/181; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/30; Y02E60/50
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 44
Claim 1
Independent Claim
59 words
A high surface are electrode comprising a composite material that comprises an electronically conductive particulate filler having a high surface to volume ratio dispersed in a binder material, wherein the particles of said particulate filler are substantially in intimate contact, and said binder material conducts ions to and from a substantial proportion of the surface of the filler particles.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
59 words
A high surface are electrode comprising a composite material that comprises an electronically conductive particulate filler having a high surface to volume ratio dispersed in a binder material, wherein the particles of said particulate filler are substantially in intimate contact, and said binder material conducts ions to and from a substantial proportion of the surface of the filler particles.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
22 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 1 wherein said binder material additionally comprises a polymeric material having ionized groups and counterions.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
70 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 1 adapted to convert an electronic current in an external circuit to an ionic current at the electrode surface, wherein said conductive particulate filler is at some point in electrical contact with an external connection, and wherein the overall electric impedance contributed by the conduction processes is not so high that the electrode assembly as a whole dissipates a substantial amount of energy.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
27 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 1, wherein the conductive filler medium comprises a conductive carbon black having a surface area exceeding 1000 m 2 /g.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 1 wherein said conductive particulate filler is a metallic or metal alloy based material.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
24 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 5 wherein said metallic material is selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, silver, and platinum.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
90 words
A high surface area electrode comprising a composite material that comprises an electronically conductive particulate filler having a high surface to volume ratio dispersed in a binder material, wherein the particles of said particulate filler are substantially in intimate contact, and said binder material conducts ions to and from a substantially proportion of the surface of the filler particles, wherein said binder is swellable in the solvent to incorporate both solvent and ionic material, said binder retaining sufficient mechanical strength remains to hold the mass of conductive filler particles together.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
90 words
A high surface area electrode comprising a composite material that comprises an electronically conductive particulate filler having a high surface to volume ratio dispersed in a binder material, wherein the particles of said particulate filler are substantially in intimate contact, and said binder material conducts ions to and from a substantially proportion of the surface of the filler particles, wherein said binder is swellable in the solvent to incorporate both solvent and ionic material, said binder retaining sufficient mechanical strength remains to hold the mass of conductive filler particles together.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 7 wherein said swellable binder material comprises a hydrophilic polymer.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
16 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 7 wherein said swellable binder material comprises a hydrogel.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
16 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 7 wherein said binder material is obtained from cross-linking.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
17 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 10 wherein the material crosslinked are cellulose and its derivatives.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
26 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 11 wherein the material crosslinked are selected from the group consisting of polyethers, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyesters, polyimines, and polyphosphasenes.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
30 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 10 wherein the material crosslinked are polymeric materials having a degree of hydrophilic character such that they can absorb water and polar solvents.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
32 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 10 wherein the material crosslinked are siloxanes suitably modified such that they have a degree of hydrophilic nature and can absorb water and polar solvents.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
18 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 10 wherein the material crosslinked is a hydrogel forming polymer systems.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
38 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 7 wherein said solution swellable materials when brought into contact with an ion containing solution will absorb an amount of the solution and its ions and become a conductor of ions.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
81 words
A high surface area electrode comprising a composite material that comprises an electronically conductive particulate filler having a high surface to volume ratio dispersed in a binder material, wherein the particles of said particulate filler are substantially in intimate contact, and said binder material conducts ions to and from a substantial proportion of the surface of the filler particles, wherein said binder material additionally comprises a polymeric material having ionized groups and counterions, wherein said polymeric material forms polyelectrolytes when neutralized.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
81 words
A high surface area electrode comprising a composite material that comprises an electronically conductive particulate filler having a high surface to volume ratio dispersed in a binder material, wherein the particles of said particulate filler are substantially in intimate contact, and said binder material conducts ions to and from a substantial proportion of the surface of the filler particles, wherein said binder material additionally comprises a polymeric material having ionized groups and counterions, wherein said polymeric material forms polyelectrolytes when neutralized.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
15 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 17 wherein said polymeric material comprises polyacrylic acid.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
79 words
A high surface are electrode comprising a composite material that comprises an electronically conductive particulate filler having a high surface to volume ratio dispersed in a binder material, wherein the particles of said particulate filler are substantially in intimate contact, and said binder material conducts ions to and from a substantial proportion of the surface of the filler particles, wherein said binder material additionally comprises a polymeric material having ionized groups and counterions, wherein said polymeric comprises ionizable groups.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
79 words
A high surface are electrode comprising a composite material that comprises an electronically conductive particulate filler having a high surface to volume ratio dispersed in a binder material, wherein the particles of said particulate filler are substantially in intimate contact, and said binder material conducts ions to and from a substantial proportion of the surface of the filler particles, wherein said binder material additionally comprises a polymeric material having ionized groups and counterions, wherein said polymeric comprises ionizable groups.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
13 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 19 comprising cellulose or its derivatives.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
25 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 19 comprising a polymeric material having a hydrophilic character such that it can absorb water and polar solvents.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
22 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 19 comprising polymeric material selected from the group consisting of polyethers, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, and polyesters.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
35 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 19 comprising polymeric material selected from the group consisting of siloxanes modified such that they have a degree of hydrophilic nature and can absorb water and polar solvents.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
13 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 19 comprising hydrogel forming polymer systems.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
36 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 19 wherein said ionizable group is selected form the group consisting of carboxylic acid groups, sulphonic acid groups, ammonium and alkyl ammonium groups, organo phosphate, organoborate and organocarbonate groups.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
16 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 25 wherein said groups are in their acidic form.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
21 words
The high surface area electrode of claim of claim 26 wherein the acidity is increased by incorporation of a complexing agent.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
28 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 27 wherein said complexing agent is selected from the group consisting of AsF 3 , SbF 3 , BF 3 .
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
22 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 25 wherein said groups are in their neutralized form and said material incorporates a counterion.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
91 words
A high surface area electrode comprising a composite material that comprises an electronically conductive particulate filler having a high surface to volume ratio dispersed in a binder material, wherein the particles of said particulate filler are substantially in intimate contact, and said binder material conducts ions to and from a substantial proportion of the surface of the filler particles, wherein said material comprises an unreactive, low molecular weight liquid which can diffuse out of the electrode when it is first placed in the medium in which it is to be operated.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
91 words
A high surface area electrode comprising a composite material that comprises an electronically conductive particulate filler having a high surface to volume ratio dispersed in a binder material, wherein the particles of said particulate filler are substantially in intimate contact, and said binder material conducts ions to and from a substantial proportion of the surface of the filler particles, wherein said material comprises an unreactive, low molecular weight liquid which can diffuse out of the electrode when it is first placed in the medium in which it is to be operated.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
32 words
The high surface area electrode of claim 30 wherein said low molecular weight liquid may be selected from the group consisting of water, an alcohol, an ester, aldehyde, ketone, ether or carbonate.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
68 words
A high surface area electrode comprising a composite material that comprises an electronically conductive particulate filler having a high surface to volume ratio dispersed in a binder material, wherein the particles of said particulate filler are substantially in intimate contact, and said binder material conducts ions to and from a substantial proportion of the surface of the filler particles, wherein said binder material comprises a solid polymer electrolyte.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
68 words
A high surface area electrode comprising a composite material that comprises an electronically conductive particulate filler having a high surface to volume ratio dispersed in a binder material, wherein the particles of said particulate filler are substantially in intimate contact, and said binder material conducts ions to and from a substantial proportion of the surface of the filler particles, wherein said binder material comprises a solid polymer electrolyte.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
83 words
A process for the preparation of a high surface area electrode comprising the steps of preparing a composite comprised of an electronically conductive particulate filler dispersed in a binder material such that the filler particles are substantially in intimate contact, comprising the further steps of blending together carbon black with a liquid mixture which contains methoxyoctaoxyethylene methacrylate and octaoxyethylene dimethacrylate; adding to this blend benzoyl peroxide; casting the material into a film on a metallic sheet; curing the material into a rubber material.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
83 words
A process for the preparation of a high surface area electrode comprising the steps of preparing a composite comprised of an electronically conductive particulate filler dispersed in a binder material such that the filler particles are substantially in intimate contact, comprising the further steps of blending together carbon black with a liquid mixture which contains methoxyoctaoxyethylene methacrylate and octaoxyethylene dimethacrylate; adding to this blend benzoyl peroxide; casting the material into a film on a metallic sheet; curing the material into a rubber material.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
74 words
A process for the preparation of a high surface area electrode comprising the steps of preparing a composite comprised of an electronically conductive particulate filler dispersed in a binder material such that the filler particles are substantially in intimate contact comprising the further steps of compressing carbon black on to a metal foil; impregnating this layer of carbon with a liquid mixture comprising polyethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene carbonate and hexamethylene dissocyarate; comprising and curing.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
74 words
A process for the preparation of a high surface area electrode comprising the steps of preparing a composite comprised of an electronically conductive particulate filler dispersed in a binder material such that the filler particles are substantially in intimate contact comprising the further steps of compressing carbon black on to a metal foil; impregnating this layer of carbon with a liquid mixture comprising polyethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene carbonate and hexamethylene dissocyarate; comprising and curing.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
73 words
A process for the preparation of a high surface area electrode comprising the steps of preparing a composite comprised of an electronically conductive particulate filler dispersed in a binder material such that the filler particles are substantially in intimate contact, comprising the further steps of compressing carbon black onto a metal foil, impregnating this layer of carbon with a liquid mixture comprising sulphoethyl methacrylate lithium salt and octaoxyethylene dimethacrylate dissolved in propylene carbonate.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
73 words
A process for the preparation of a high surface area electrode comprising the steps of preparing a composite comprised of an electronically conductive particulate filler dispersed in a binder material such that the filler particles are substantially in intimate contact, comprising the further steps of compressing carbon black onto a metal foil, impregnating this layer of carbon with a liquid mixture comprising sulphoethyl methacrylate lithium salt and octaoxyethylene dimethacrylate dissolved in propylene carbonate.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1996-05-17 | 1996-11-16 | 1997-05-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2000-05-17 | 2000-11-16 | 2001-05-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2004-05-17 | 2004-11-16 | 2005-05-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |