US5185397A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Water-based varnishes
Assignee: Rohm and Haas Co
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Filing: 1989-08-21
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Granted: 1993-02-09
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Expires: 2009-08-21
Abstract
Abstract A polymeric emulsion comprising a (i) polymer, (ii) water, and (iii) a surfactant is useful as a binder for a water-based varnish that is resistant to water, 50% ethanol, and alkali. The polymer comprises about 20 to about 40 weight percent of a soft monomer whose homopolymer has a T g of less than about -20° C. and about 60 to about 80 weight percent of a mixture of hard monomers each of whose homopolymer has a T g of greater than about 30° C. As part of the hard monomer comonent of the polymer, the polymer comprises about 5 to about 25 weight percent acrylonitrile and about 1 to about 5 weight percent of an olefinic carboxylic acid. Typically, the polymer comprises less than about 1 weight percent surfactant and has a calculated T g of about 25° to about 60° C., an actual T g of about 30° to about 70° C., and an average particle size of less than about 250 nm. The emulsion generally comprises at least about 40 weight percent solids and has a surface tension of at least about 45 dynes/cm.
Inventors
- 👤 John Biale
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 22:37
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09D; C09D125/00; C09D125/02; C09D125/04; C09D125/08; C09D125/14; C08; C08F; C08F220/00; C08F220/02; C08F220/42; C08F220/44; C09D133/00; C09D133/04; C09D133/06; C09D133/062; C09D133/064
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 26
Claim 1
Independent Claim
175 words
A polymeric emulsion comprising (i) a polymer (ii) water, and (iii) a surfactant-containing locus for polymerization, wherein the emulsion comprises less than about 1 weight percent surfactant and at least about 40 percent total solids, and the polymer has an average particle size of less than about 150 nm and a calculated T g of about 25° to about 60° C. and comprises: (a) about 20 to about 40 weight percent ethylhexyl acrylate; (b) about 60 to about 80 weight percent of a plurality of hard monomers, each of whose homopolymers has a T g of greater than about 30° C., wherein acrylonitrile and an olefinic carboxylic acid monomer constitute a portion of the hard monomer component of the polymer, the polymer comprising about 5 to about 20 weight percent acrylonitrile and 1 to about 5 weight percent olefinic carboxylic acid monomer; and (c) about 0.2 to about 5 weight percent of a copolymerizable cross-linking agent selected from the group consisting of N-methylol acrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide, diacrylates, dimethacrylates, triallyl cyanurate, diallyl maleate, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
175 words
A polymeric emulsion comprising (i) a polymer (ii) water, and (iii) a surfactant-containing locus for polymerization, wherein the emulsion comprises less than about 1 weight percent surfactant and at least about 40 percent total solids, and the polymer has an average particle size of less than about 150 nm and a calculated T g of about 25° to about 60° C. and comprises: (a) about 20 to about 40 weight percent ethylhexyl acrylate; (b) about 60 to about 80 weight percent of a plurality of hard monomers, each of whose homopolymers has a T g of greater than about 30° C., wherein acrylonitrile and an olefinic carboxylic acid monomer constitute a portion of the hard monomer component of the polymer, the polymer comprising about 5 to about 20 weight percent acrylonitrile and 1 to about 5 weight percent olefinic carboxylic acid monomer; and (c) about 0.2 to about 5 weight percent of a copolymerizable cross-linking agent selected from the group consisting of N-methylol acrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide, diacrylates, dimethacrylates, triallyl cyanurate, diallyl maleate, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
13 words
The emulsion of claim 1 comprising less than about 0.5 weight percent surfactant.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
28 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the polymer comprises about 25 to about 35 weight percent ethylhexyl acrylate and about 65 to about 75 weight percent hard monomer.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the polymer has an actual T g of about 30° to about 70° C.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the polymer has an actual T g of about 40° to about 60° C.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
20 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the polymer has an average particle size of about 100 to about 150 nm.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
33 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the hard monomer is selected from the group consisting of olefinic carboxylic acid monom vinyl halide, acrylonitrile, methacrylamide, alkenyl aromatic monomers, non-functional methacrylic monomers, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
47 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the hard monomer is an alkenyl aromatic monomer having the formula ##STR6## wherein X is an aliphatic radical containing at least one alkenyl bond, Y is a substituent on the aromatic ring, and n is an integer from 0 to 5.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
37 words
The emulsion of claim 8 wherein the alkenyl aromatic monomer is selected from the group consisting of styrene, p-methyl styrene, methyl styrene, o,p-dimethyl styrene, o,p-diethyl styrene, p-chlorostyrene, isopropyl styrene, t-butyl styrene, o-methyl-p-isopropyl styrene, o,p-dichlorostyrene, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
11 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the hard monomer is styrene.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
26 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the olefinic carboxylic acid monomer is selected from the group consisting of mono- and di-olefinic carboxylic acids, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
29 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the olefinic carboxylic acid monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, acrylamido glycolic acid, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
14 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the olefinic carboxylic acid monomer is methacrylic acid.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the polymer comprises about 2 to about 4 weight percent olefinic carboxylic acid monomer.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
17 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the polymer comprises about 8 to about 15 weight percent acrylonitrile.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
18 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the polymer comprises about 1 to about 3 weight percent cross-linking monomer.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
127 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the emulsion comprises less than about 0.5 weight percent surfactant, and the polymer comprises about 25 to about 35 weight percent ethylhexyl acrylate and about 65 to about 75 weight percent hard monomer, and has an actual T g of about 30° to about 70° C.; the hard monomer is selected from the group consisting of vinyl halide, acrylonitrile, methacrylamide, alkenyl aromatic monomers, non-functional methacrylic monomers, olefinic carboxylic acid monomers, and mixtures thereof, the polymer comprising about 8 to about 15 weight percent acrylonitrile and about 2 to about 4 weight percent olefinic carboxylic acid monomer; and the olefinic carboxylic acid monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, acrylamide glycolic acid, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
14 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the surfactant-containing locus for polymerization is a seed.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
25 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the surfactant-containing locus for polymerization is a seed having an average particle size of less than about 80 nm.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
26 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the surfactant-containing locus for polymerization is a seed having an average particle size of about 25 to about 60 nm.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
32 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein the surfactant-containing locus for polymerization is a seed that comprises a monomer selected from the group consisting of alkenyl aromatic monomers, acrylate monomers, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
15 words
The emulsion of claim 1 comprising about 45 to about 55 weight percent total solids.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
181 words
A polymeric emulsion comprising (i) a polymer (ii) water, and (iii) a surfactant-containing locus for polymerization, wherein the emulsion, has a surface tension greater than about 45 dynes/cm and comprises less than about 1 weight percent surfactant and at least about 40 percent total solids, and the polymer has an actual T g of about 30° to about 70° C. and an average particle size of less than about 150 nm and comprises: (a) about 20 to about 40 weight percent ethylhexyl acrylate; (b) about 60 to about 80 weight percent of a plurality of hard monomers, each of whose homopolymers has a T g of greater than about 30° C., wherein acrylonitrile and an olefinic carboxylic acid monomer constitute a portion of the hard monomer component of the polymer, the polymer comprising about 5 to about 20 weight percent acrylonitrile and 1 to about 5 weight percent olefinic carboxylic acid monomer; and (c) about 0.2 to about 5 weight percent of a copolymerizable cross-linking agent selected from the group consisting of diacrylates, dimethacrylates, triallyl ovanurate, diallyl maleate, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
181 words
A polymeric emulsion comprising (i) a polymer (ii) water, and (iii) a surfactant-containing locus for polymerization, wherein the emulsion, has a surface tension greater than about 45 dynes/cm and comprises less than about 1 weight percent surfactant and at least about 40 percent total solids, and the polymer has an actual T g of about 30° to about 70° C. and an average particle size of less than about 150 nm and comprises: (a) about 20 to about 40 weight percent ethylhexyl acrylate; (b) about 60 to about 80 weight percent of a plurality of hard monomers, each of whose homopolymers has a T g of greater than about 30° C., wherein acrylonitrile and an olefinic carboxylic acid monomer constitute a portion of the hard monomer component of the polymer, the polymer comprising about 5 to about 20 weight percent acrylonitrile and 1 to about 5 weight percent olefinic carboxylic acid monomer; and (c) about 0.2 to about 5 weight percent of a copolymerizable cross-linking agent selected from the group consisting of diacrylates, dimethacrylates, triallyl ovanurate, diallyl maleate, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
19 words
The emulsion of claim 23 wherein the polymer comprises about 1 to about 3 weight percent copolymerizable cross-linking agent.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1996-02-09 | 1996-08-10 | 1997-02-09 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2000-02-09 | 2000-08-10 | 2001-02-09 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2004-02-09 | 2004-08-10 | 2005-02-09 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |