US5177487A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Sea velocity evaluator
Assignee: Northrop Grumman Corp
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Filing: 1991-01-22
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Granted: 1993-01-05
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Expires: 2011-01-22
Abstract
Abstract Sea clutter can be removed from radar signals by accurately determining sea velocity in a coverage area of a radar scan, updating a median value for the coverage area, and selecting a clutter rejection filter for the coverage area biased on the median value for the coverage area. Preferably, a median sea velocity is stored for each coverage area, as the median value. When processing begins for a coverage area, a previously stored median sea velocity is retrieved and updated. The median sea velocity is updated by converting the median sea velocity into a median phase difference between two echo signals, based upon carrier frequency and the time between receipt of two echo signals, which is preferably more than one interpulse period. The difference in phase between the two echo signals is compared with the median phase difference and the median sea velocity is increased if the median phase difference is smaller and decreased if the median phase difference is larger. A rejection filter is selected based upon the previously stored median sea velocity (preferably after adjustment based on the carrier frequency) to remove the echoes from the sea from the radar echo signals.
Inventors
- 👤 John W. Taylor, Jr.
- 👤 Antonio Lo Brutto
- 👤 Vernon W. Gude, Jr.
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 23:58
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01S; G01S13/00; G01S13/02; G01S13/50; G01S13/52; G01S13/522; G01S13/524; G01S13/5244
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
76 words
A method for determining radial sea velocity from radar echo signals, said method comprising the steps of: (a) dividing a radar scan into a plurality of coverage areas; (b) computing the radial sea velocity for each of the coverage areas based on the radar echo signals received therefrom, said computing computes a median radial sea velocity for each of the coverage areas; and (c) storing the median radial sea velocity for each of the coverage areas.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
76 words
A method for determining radial sea velocity from radar echo signals, said method comprising the steps of: (a) dividing a radar scan into a plurality of coverage areas; (b) computing the radial sea velocity for each of the coverage areas based on the radar echo signals received therefrom, said computing computes a median radial sea velocity for each of the coverage areas; and (c) storing the median radial sea velocity for each of the coverage areas.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
109 words
A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of (d) receiving a plurality of preceding and subsequent radar echo signals for each of the coverage areas, and wherein said computing in step (b) comprises the steps of: (b1) computing a phase difference between the preceding and subsequent radar echo signals; (b2) receiving an indication of a time period between the preceding and subsequent radar echo signals and the carrier frequency used to produce the preceding and subsequent signals; and (b3) determining the median radial sea velocity based on the phase difference, the carrier frequency and the time period between the preceding and subsequent radar echo signals.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method as recited in claim 2, wherein said dividing in step (a) divides the radar scan by range and azimuth to form the coverage areas.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method as recited in claim 3, wherein the coverage areas include land portions and sea portions, and wherein said method further comprises the step of (e) eliminating, prior to said computing in step (b), the preceding and subsequent radar echo signals corresponding to the land portions.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
64 words
A method for removing sea clutter from radar echo signals in a radar scan, said method comprising the steps of: (a) receiving preceding and subsequent radar echo signals; (b) computing a phase difference between the preceding and subsequent radar echo signals; (c) updating a median value based on the phase difference; and (d) selecting a sea clutter rejection filter based on the median value.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
64 words
A method for removing sea clutter from radar echo signals in a radar scan, said method comprising the steps of: (a) receiving preceding and subsequent radar echo signals; (b) computing a phase difference between the preceding and subsequent radar echo signals; (c) updating a median value based on the phase difference; and (d) selecting a sea clutter rejection filter based on the median value.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method as recited in claim 5, wherein the preceding and subsequent radar echo signals are from one of a plurality of predetermined segments of a radar scan, and wherein a storage period separates the preceding and subsequent radar echo signals by a plurality of interpulse periods.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method as recited in claim 6, wherein said selecting in step (d) selects the sea clutter rejection filter for each of the predetermined segments.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method as recited in claim 6, wherein the median value corresponds to radial sea velocity within the predetermined segments of the radar scan.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method as recited in claim 8, wherein the predetermined segments are coverage areas formed by dividing the radar scan by range and azimuth, and wherein said selecting in step (d) is performed each time processing begins for one of the predetermined segments.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method as recited in claim 9, wherein the coverage areas include land portions and sea portions, and wherein said method further comprises the step of (e) eliminating, prior to said computing in step (b), the preceding and subsequent radar echo signals corresponding to the land portions.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
195 words
A method for selecting a sea clutter rejection filter to remove sea clutter from radar signals, said method comprising the steps of: (a) receiving first and second echo signals for a predetermined segment of a radar scan; (b) delaying the first echo signal by at least one interpulse period; (c) computing a measured phase difference between the preceding and subsequent echo signals; (d) initiating a count value based upon a stored median range rate corresponding to the predetermined segment; (e) Converting the stored median range rate, corresponding to the predetermined segment, to a median phase difference; (f) comparing the measured phase difference with the median phase difference; (g) increasing the count value when said comparing in step (f) indicates the measured phase difference is less than the median phase difference; (h) decreasing the count value when said comparing in step (f) indicates the measured phase difference is greater than the median phase difference; (i) updating the stored median range rate for the predetermined segment based on the count value; and (j) selecting the sea clutter rejection filter based on the stored median range rate when the predetermined segment is processed in a subsequent radar scan.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
195 words
A method for selecting a sea clutter rejection filter to remove sea clutter from radar signals, said method comprising the steps of: (a) receiving first and second echo signals for a predetermined segment of a radar scan; (b) delaying the first echo signal by at least one interpulse period; (c) computing a measured phase difference between the preceding and subsequent echo signals; (d) initiating a count value based upon a stored median range rate corresponding to the predetermined segment; (e) Converting the stored median range rate, corresponding to the predetermined segment, to a median phase difference; (f) comparing the measured phase difference with the median phase difference; (g) increasing the count value when said comparing in step (f) indicates the measured phase difference is less than the median phase difference; (h) decreasing the count value when said comparing in step (f) indicates the measured phase difference is greater than the median phase difference; (i) updating the stored median range rate for the predetermined segment based on the count value; and (j) selecting the sea clutter rejection filter based on the stored median range rate when the predetermined segment is processed in a subsequent radar scan.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method as recited in claim 11, wherein the radar scan is divided into a plurality of predetermined segments, each having a beginning and an end; and wherein said method further comprises step (k) repeating steps (a)-(h) until the end of the predetermined segment has been reached.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
77 words
An apparatus for removing sea clutter from radar echo signals, said apparatus comprising: control means for receiving the radar echo signals for predetermined segments of a radar scan and for determining a median value corresponding to sea velocity for each of the predetermined segments based on the radar echo signals; and filter selection means for selecting a sea clutter rejection filter for each of the predetermined segments based on the median value determined by said control means.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
77 words
An apparatus for removing sea clutter from radar echo signals, said apparatus comprising: control means for receiving the radar echo signals for predetermined segments of a radar scan and for determining a median value corresponding to sea velocity for each of the predetermined segments based on the radar echo signals; and filter selection means for selecting a sea clutter rejection filter for each of the predetermined segments based on the median value determined by said control means.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
43 words
An apparatus as recited in claim 13, wherein the predetermined segments are coverage areas formed by dividing the radar scan by range and azimuth, and wherein said apparatus further comprises storage means for storing the median value for each of the predetermined segments.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
193 words
An apparatus for removing sea clutter from radar echo signals, the radar echo signals spaced apart by a variable interpulse period, said apparatus comprising: phase detection means for determining an undelayed phase value of preceding and subsequent radar echo signals; first storage means for storing the undelayed phase value of the preceding radar echo signal to delay the undelayed phase value by at least one interpulse period to produce a stored phase value of the preceding radar echo signal; phase difference detection means for detecting a measured phase difference between the undelayed phase value of the subsequent radar echo signal and the stored phase value of the preceding radar echo signal, and for outputting sea clutter information corresponding to the measured phase difference; second storage means for storing median sea clutter information; comparison means for comparing the sea clutter information with the median sea clutter information and for producing a comparison result; update means for updating the median sea clutter information stored in said second storage means based on the comparison result; and removal means for removing the sea clutter based upon the median sea clutter information stored in said second storage means.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
193 words
An apparatus for removing sea clutter from radar echo signals, the radar echo signals spaced apart by a variable interpulse period, said apparatus comprising: phase detection means for determining an undelayed phase value of preceding and subsequent radar echo signals; first storage means for storing the undelayed phase value of the preceding radar echo signal to delay the undelayed phase value by at least one interpulse period to produce a stored phase value of the preceding radar echo signal; phase difference detection means for detecting a measured phase difference between the undelayed phase value of the subsequent radar echo signal and the stored phase value of the preceding radar echo signal, and for outputting sea clutter information corresponding to the measured phase difference; second storage means for storing median sea clutter information; comparison means for comparing the sea clutter information with the median sea clutter information and for producing a comparison result; update means for updating the median sea clutter information stored in said second storage means based on the comparison result; and removal means for removing the sea clutter based upon the median sea clutter information stored in said second storage means.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
54 words
An apparatus as recited in claim 15, wherein the sea clutter information is one of the measured phase difference and a range rate value corresponding to the measured phase difference, and wherein said comparison means includes conversion means for converting the median sea clutter information into units associated with the median sea clutter information.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
33 words
An apparatus as recited in claim 15, wherein the preceding and subsequent radar echo signals and the median sea clutter information correspond to one of a plurality of predetermined segments of a scan.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
35 words
An apparatus as recited in claim 15, wherein said removal means comprises: a plurality of rejection filters; and filter selection means for selecting one of said rejection filters based on the median sea clutter information.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1996-01-05 | 1996-07-06 | 1997-01-05 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2000-01-05 | 2000-07-06 | 2001-01-05 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2004-01-05 | 2004-07-06 | 2005-01-05 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |