US5142407A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method of reducing leakage current in electrochemichromic solutions and solutions based thereon
Assignee: Magna Donnelly Corp
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Filing: 1989-12-22
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Granted: 1992-08-25
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Expires: 2009-12-22
Abstract
Abstract The specification discloses electrochemichromic solutions and devices based on the use of from about 5% by volume of a nonpolymeric material having a high volume resistivity and high dielectric constant to reduce leakage current without unduly increasing solution viscosity. In an alternative aspect, high quantities of such materials are used even though solution viscosity increases to the point of preventing room temperature vacuum backfilling in order to take advantage of other features of such solutions.
Inventors
- 👤 Desaraju V. Varaprasad
- 👤 Hamid R. Habibi
- 👤 Niall R. Lynam
- 👤 Padma Desaraju
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 22:46
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09K; C09K9/00; C09K9/02; G; G02; G02F; G02F1/00; G02F1/01; G02F1/15; G02F1/1503; G02F2001/1502; G02F1/1514; G02F2001/15145
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 29
Claim 1
Independent Claim
104 words
An electrochemichromic cell comprising: spaced plates, each having an inwardly facing conductive surface; an electrochemichromic solution located in said cell between said inwardly facing conductive surfaces, said solution comprising: a solvent; a redox chemical pair in solution in said solvent which colors in the presence of an applied voltage and which bleaches to a colorless condition in the absence of an applied voltage; said solvent comprising from at least about 5% weight by volume of a nonpolymeric material having a volume resistivity of at least 5×10 9 ohm.cm at 25° C. and dielectric constant of at least 15 at 25° C. and 60 hertz.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
104 words
An electrochemichromic cell comprising: spaced plates, each having an inwardly facing conductive surface; an electrochemichromic solution located in said cell between said inwardly facing conductive surfaces, said solution comprising: a solvent; a redox chemical pair in solution in said solvent which colors in the presence of an applied voltage and which bleaches to a colorless condition in the absence of an applied voltage; said solvent comprising from at least about 5% weight by volume of a nonpolymeric material having a volume resistivity of at least 5×10 9 ohm.cm at 25° C. and dielectric constant of at least 15 at 25° C. and 60 hertz.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
22 words
An electrochemichromic cell of claim 1 in which said solvent comprises up to about 90% weight by volume of said nonpolymeric material.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
28 words
An electrochemichromic cell of claim 2 in which said solvent additionally comprises one of the group consisting of propylene carbonate, 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 2-acetylbutyrolactone, 3,3'-oxydipropionitrile, 3-methylsulfolane, 2-methylglutaronitrile and mixtures thereof.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
16 words
An electrochemichromic cell of claim 1 in which said solvent comprises substantially only said nonpolymeric material.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrochemichromic cell of claim 1 in which said solvent comprises from about 90 to about 500% weight by volume of said nonpolymeric material.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
113 words
An electrochemichromic cell comprising: spaced plates, each having an inwardly facing conductive surface; an electrochemichromic solution located in said cell between said inwardly facing conductive surfaces, said solution comprising: a solvent having at least about 25% by volume 2-acetylbutyrolactone; a redox chemical pair in solution in said solvent which colors in the presence of an applied voltage and which bleaches to a colorless condition in the absence of an applied voltage; said solvent comprising from at least about t5% weight by volume of a nonpolymeric material having a volume resistivity of at least 5×10 9 ohm cm at 25° C. and dielectric constant of at least 15 at 25° C. and 60 hertz.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
113 words
An electrochemichromic cell comprising: spaced plates, each having an inwardly facing conductive surface; an electrochemichromic solution located in said cell between said inwardly facing conductive surfaces, said solution comprising: a solvent having at least about 25% by volume 2-acetylbutyrolactone; a redox chemical pair in solution in said solvent which colors in the presence of an applied voltage and which bleaches to a colorless condition in the absence of an applied voltage; said solvent comprising from at least about t5% weight by volume of a nonpolymeric material having a volume resistivity of at least 5×10 9 ohm cm at 25° C. and dielectric constant of at least 15 at 25° C. and 60 hertz.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
31 words
The electrochemichromic solution of claim 6 in which said redox chemical pair comprises 0.02 to 0.05 molar of one of methylviologen perchlorate and methylviologen hexafluorophosphate and 0.02 to 0.05 molar 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
124 words
An electrochemichromic cell comprising: spaced plates, each having an inwardly facing conductive surface; an electrochemichromic solution located in said cell between said inwardly facing conductive surfaces, said solution comprising: a solvent; a redox chemical pair comprising 0.02 to 0.05 molar of one of methylviologen perchlorate and methylviologen hexafluorophosphate and 0.02 to 0.05 molar 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine in solution in said solvent which colors in the presence of an applied voltage and which bleaches to a colorless condition in the absence of an applied voltage; said solvent comprising from at least about 5% weight by volume of a nonpolymeric material having a volume resistivity of at least 5×10 9 ohm cm at 25° C. and dielectric constant of at least 15° to 25° C. and 60 hertz.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
124 words
An electrochemichromic cell comprising: spaced plates, each having an inwardly facing conductive surface; an electrochemichromic solution located in said cell between said inwardly facing conductive surfaces, said solution comprising: a solvent; a redox chemical pair comprising 0.02 to 0.05 molar of one of methylviologen perchlorate and methylviologen hexafluorophosphate and 0.02 to 0.05 molar 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine in solution in said solvent which colors in the presence of an applied voltage and which bleaches to a colorless condition in the absence of an applied voltage; said solvent comprising from at least about 5% weight by volume of a nonpolymeric material having a volume resistivity of at least 5×10 9 ohm cm at 25° C. and dielectric constant of at least 15° to 25° C. and 60 hertz.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
75 words
An electrochemichromic cell comprising: spaced plates, each having an inwardly facing conductive surface; an electrochemichromic solution located in said cell between said inwardly facing conductive surfaces, said solution comprising: a solvent; a redox chemical pair in solution in said solvent which colors in the presence of an applied voltage and which bleaches to a colorless condition in the absence of an applied voltage; said solvent comprising from at least about 5% weight by volume cyanoethylsucrose.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
75 words
An electrochemichromic cell comprising: spaced plates, each having an inwardly facing conductive surface; an electrochemichromic solution located in said cell between said inwardly facing conductive surfaces, said solution comprising: a solvent; a redox chemical pair in solution in said solvent which colors in the presence of an applied voltage and which bleaches to a colorless condition in the absence of an applied voltage; said solvent comprising from at least about 5% weight by volume cyanoethylsucrose.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
18 words
The cell of claim 9 in which said solvent comprises up to about 90% weight by volume cyanoethylsucrose.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
27 words
The cell of claim 10 in which said solvent additionally comprises one of the group consisting of propylene carbonate, 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 2-acetylbutyrolactone, 3,3'-oxydipropionitrile, 3-methylsulfolane, 2-methylglutaronitrile and mixtures thereof.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
13 words
The cell of claim 9 in which said solvent comprises substantially only cyanoethylsucrose.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
20 words
The cell of claim 9 in which said solvent comprises from about 90% to about 500% weight by volume cyanoethylsucrose.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrochemichromic solution of claim 9 in which said solvent comprises at least about 25% by volume 2-acetylbutyrolactone.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
31 words
The electrochemichromic solution of claim 14 in which said redox chemical pair comprises 0.02 to 0.05 molar of one of methylviologen perchlorate and methylviologen hexafluorophosphate and 0.02 to 0.05 molar 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
31 words
The electrochemichromic solution of claim 9 in which said redox chemical pair comprises 0.02 to 0.05 molar of one of methylviologen perchlorate and methylviologen hexafluorophosphate and 0.02 to 0.05 molar 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
61 words
A method for reducing leakage current in an electrochemichromic solution which comprises a solvent, a redox chemical pair in solution in said solvent which colors in the presence of an applied voltage and which bleaches to a colorless condition in the absence of an applied voltage, said method comprising: introducing at least about 5% weight by volume cyanoethylsucrose into said solvent.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
61 words
A method for reducing leakage current in an electrochemichromic solution which comprises a solvent, a redox chemical pair in solution in said solvent which colors in the presence of an applied voltage and which bleaches to a colorless condition in the absence of an applied voltage, said method comprising: introducing at least about 5% weight by volume cyanoethylsucrose into said solvent.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 17 in which said solvent comprises up to about 90% weight by volume cyanoethylsucrose.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 18 in which said solvent additionally comprises one of the group consisting of propylene carbonate, 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 2-acetylbutyrolactone, 3,3'-oxydipropionitrile, 3-methylsulfolane, 2-methylglutaronitrile and mixtures thereof.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 17 in which said solvent comprises substantially only cyanoethylsucrose.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 16 in which said solvent comprises from about 90% to about 500% weight by volume cyanoethylsucrose.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrochemichromic solution of claim 17 in which said solvent comprises at least about 25% by volume 2-acetylbutyrolactone.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
31 words
The electrochemichromic solution of claim 22 in which said redox chemical pair comprises 0.02 to 0.05 molar of one of methylviologen perchlorate and methylviologen hexafluorophosphate and 0.02 to 0.05 molar 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
31 words
The electrochemichromic solution of claim 19 in which said redox chemical pair comprises 0.02 to 0.05 molar of one of methylviologen perchlorate and methylviologen hexafluorophosphate and 0.02 to 0.05 molar 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1995-08-25 | 1996-02-24 | 1996-08-25 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1999-08-25 | 2000-02-24 | 2000-08-25 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2003-08-25 | 2004-02-24 | 2004-08-25 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |