US5097419A — Method and apparatus for dynamic leveling

Claim 1

Independent Claim 299 words

A low power fully active suspension system for a motor vehicle, comprising: a hydraulic actuator provided at each corner of the vehicle which are operably connected between the suspension and body of the vehicle, each of said hydraulic actuators having a pressure cylinder forming a working chamber operable to store damping fluid therein and secured to one of the suspension and body of the vehicle, and a piston and rod assembly coaxially disposed within said pressure cylinder for translational movement therein with opposite sides of said piston defining first and second portions of said working chamber, said rod secured at an end opposite said piston to the other of the suspension and body portions of the vehicle; variable flow restriction means for varying the flow of damping fluid between said first and second portions of said working chamber; sensor means for sensing the dynamic motion of the suspension and body of the vehicle and generating output signals in response thereto; fluid supply means for providing an external source of high pressure damping fluid to each of said actuators; flow control means associated with each of said actuators for controlling the flow of damping fluid between said actuators and said fluid supply means, said flow control means adapted to fluidly communicate with one of said first and second portions of said working chamber; an accumulator associated with each of said actuators and in fluid communication with the other of said first and second portions of said working chamber; and control means adapted to receive said output signals from said sensor means for calculating a commanded force output signal "U" for each of said actuators, said control means adapted for selectively actuating at least one of said variable flow restriction means and said flow control means for generating said commanded force.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 299 words

A low power fully active suspension system for a motor vehicle, comprising: a hydraulic actuator provided at each corner of the vehicle which are operably connected between the suspension and body of the vehicle, each of said hydraulic actuators having a pressure cylinder forming a working chamber operable to store damping fluid therein and secured to one of the suspension and body of the vehicle, and a piston and rod assembly coaxially disposed within said pressure cylinder for translational movement therein with opposite sides of said piston defining first and second portions of said working chamber, said rod secured at an end opposite said piston to the other of the suspension and body portions of the vehicle; variable flow restriction means for varying the flow of damping fluid between said first and second portions of said working chamber; sensor means for sensing the dynamic motion of the suspension and body of the vehicle and generating output signals in response thereto; fluid supply means for providing an external source of high pressure damping fluid to each of said actuators; flow control means associated with each of said actuators for controlling the flow of damping fluid between said actuators and said fluid supply means, said flow control means adapted to fluidly communicate with one of said first and second portions of said working chamber; an accumulator associated with each of said actuators and in fluid communication with the other of said first and second portions of said working chamber; and control means adapted to receive said output signals from said sensor means for calculating a commanded force output signal "U" for each of said actuators, said control means adapted for selectively actuating at least one of said variable flow restriction means and said flow control means for generating said commanded force.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 100 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 1 wherein said control means includes a central control system adapted for passively controlling the dynamic behavior of the vehicle suspension through actuation of said flow restriction means for selectively varying the flow therethrough between a minimum and maximum flow limit, said control system actively controlling the dynamic behavior of the vehicle body through simultaneous actuation of said flow restriction means and said flow control means so as to either add high pressure fluid to said working chamber of said actuator or exhaust fluid from said working chamber to a reservoir.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 71 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 2 wherein said central control system is a full state feedback control system having a closed-loop dynamic leveling controller circuit for generating an output signal U dyn , and a closed-loop load leveling controller circuit for generating an output signal U o wherein the commanded force signal "U" for each actuator is determined according to the equation "U"=U dyn +U o .

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 30 words

The lower power fully active suspension system of claim 3 wherein said load leveling controller circuit is adapted to maintain a predetermined vehicle static height under variable vehicle loading conditions.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 104 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 3 wherein said dynamic leveling controller circuit includes signal processing means for processing said output signals from said sensor means for generating a state variable vector X n representing the velocity and displacement of the vehicle suspension and body, said dynamic leveling controller circuit further includes vehicle controller means having a feedback gain matrix G n defining stiffness and damping characteristics based on predetermined vehicle dynamic performance requirements, and wherein said vehicle controller means receives an output from said signal processing means for calculating "U dyn " according to the following equation: U.sub.dyn =-G.sub.n (X.sub.n).

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 58 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 5 wherein said feedback gains of said gain matrix G n are determined by the pole placement design method such that the location of the poles is defined by said predefined vehicle performance requirements such that the feedback gains represent stiffness and damping characteristics acting on the vehicle body.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 55 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 6 wherein said sensor means include a relative position sensor located at each corner of the vehicle between the suspension and body for measuring the relative displacement of the suspension and accelerometer means adapted for measuring the heave, pitch and roll acceleration of the vehicle body.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 117 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 7 wherein said state variable vector X n has fourteen state variables for defining the dynamic motion at each of the four corners of the vehicle, wherein: ______________________________________ x.sub.1 = Z, heave velocity of C. G. x.sub.8 = Z, heave displacement x.sub.2 = θ, Pitch angular velocity x.sub.9 = O, Pitch angle x.sub.3 = , Roll angular velocity x.sub.10 = Q, Roll angle x.sub.4 = Left Front suspension vel. x.sub.11 = LF suspension displ. x.sub.5 = Right Front suspension vel. x.sub.12 = RF suspension displ. x.sub.6 = Right Rear suspension vel. x.sub.13 = RR suspension displ. x.sub.7 = Left Rear suspension vel. x.sub.14 = LR suspension displ. ______________________________________

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 38 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 8 wherein said signal processing means includes means for estimating state variables X 1 through X 10 from the output signals of said position sensors and said accelerometer means.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 60 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 9 wherein said estimating means includes derivating filter means for derivating the suspension displacements X 11 through X 14 measured by said position sensors for estimating suspension velocities X 4 through X 7 , and wherein said derivating filter means is scaled to act as a derivator at relatively low frequencies.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 42 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 9 wherein said estimating means comprises first integrating filter means for integrating the heave, pitch and roll accelerations sensed by said accelerometer means to estimate body velocities X 1 through X 3 .

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 39 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 11 wherein the output from said first integrating filter means is added to the output of first low pass filtering means for filtering a low frequency average suspension velocity signal.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 39 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 12 wherein body displacement state variables X 8 through X 10 are estimated using second integrating filter means for integrating the estimated body velocities X 1 through X 3 .

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 40 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 13 wherein the output from said second derivating filter means is added to the output of second low pass filtering means provided for filtering a low frequency average suspension displacement signal.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 51 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 14 wherein said estimating means is an observer and wherein the time constant of each of said first and second integrating filter means and said derivating filter means is tuned to a desired frequency response and define the poles of said observer.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 55 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 5 wherein said central control system further comprises gain adaption means for continuously modifying said feedback gain matrix G n such that the feedback gains corresponding to damping of the vehicle suspension are modified in response to changes in frequency and amplitude of the suspension velocity.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 106 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 16 wherein said gain adaption means is a closed-loop system comprised of disturbance identifier means for identifying disturbances represented by variations in frequency and amplitude of the vehicle suspension velocity and for continuously calculating a gain weighting coefficient (α) based thereon corresponding to each corner of the vehicle, said closed-loop system further comprising gain tuner means for receiving said gain weighting coefficient from said disturbance identifier means and calculating a linear combination "G" of a first feedback gain matrix G soft and a second feedback gain matrix G firm according to the equation g=(1-(α))g.sub.soft +(α)g.sub.firm Where: 0<(α)<1.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 65 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 17 wherein the first feedback matrix G soft is adapted for relatively soft damping of the vehicle suspension for providing a smooth ride and said second gain matrix G firm is adapted for providing firm damping of the vehicle suspension with the objective to improve road holding and minimize relative displacement between the body and suspension.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 55 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 18 wherein said gain weighting coefficient (α) is scaled to be within the range of (0-1) such that (α) is about 0 for frequencies near the natural frequency of the vehicle body and (α) is about 1 for frequencies near the natural frequency of the suspension.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 74 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 19 wherein said disturbance identifier means receives estimated suspension velocity signals from said signal processor means such that said suspension velocity signals are inputted into high-pass filter means for filtering and sampling said velocity signal, said disturbance identifier means also includes rectifying means for rectifying the filtered signal received from said high-pass filter means and saturation means for maximizing the rectified output value to 1.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 42 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 2 wherein said variable flow restriction means is a continuously variable piston damper valve for generating a variable flow restriction across said piston between said first and second portion of said working chamber.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 83 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 21 wherein said flow control means is a servo flow control valve operable associated with each of said actuators, and said fluid supply means includes a central vehicle hydraulic system having a central pump and an accumulator for supplying high pressure damping fluid to each of said servo valves for delivery into said actuators and a reservoir tank for receiving damping fluid exhausted through said servo valves from said working chamber of said actuators.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 164 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 22 wherein said control means further comprises an actuator controller circuit adapted to receive said commanded force output signal "U" corresponding to each actuator for selectively controlling actuation of said variable piston damper valve and said servo valve for generating an actuator force F actuator in response thereto which substantially tracks said commanded force "U" and which is calculated according to the equation: F.sub.actuator =F.sub.acc +F.sub.piston Where: F piston =C Q piston Q piston =Q rel +Q serv Q rel =V rel A piston F acc =P acc A rod P acc =Konst/V acc k F piston =Actuator force from piston C=Flow characteristic of piston valve C com =Commanded setting of valve Q piston =Hydr. flow through piston valve Q rel =Hydr. flow by suspension velocity Q serv =Hydr. flow from servo valve Q com =Commanded flow F acc =Actuator force from accumulator pressure P acc =Accumulator pressure V acc =Volume of gas in accumulator.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 76 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 23 wherein said commanded force "U" is the sum of the accumulator force F acc and piston force F piston such that the piston force F piston is generated by actuation of said servo valve and said damper piston valve, said piston force F piston generated by the flow through said piston damper valve and the flow restriction characteristic of piston valve such that: U-F.sub.acc =C(Q.sub.rel +Q.sub.serv).

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 99 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 24 wherein said piston damper valve is infinitely controllably within its minimum and maximum flow restriction limits C soft and C firm respectively, such that a control signal C com from said actuator controller circuit actuates said piston damper valve whereby system power requirements are substantially reduced by actuating only said piston damper valve for dissipative power demands within its limits such that said servo valve is actuated when said power demand is outside of the limits of said piston damper valve for adding or subtracting power to said actuator.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 329 words

The lower power fully active suspension system of claim 25 wherein said piston damper valve has variable range of control between a low flow restriction limit (C soft ) and a high flow restriction limit (C firm ), the flow restriction characteristic (C') is determined according to the equation C'=(U-F acc )/Q rel wherein controlling actuation of said piston damper valve and said flow control means includes: setting said flow restriction to C' when C soft <C'<C firm whereby the desired actuator force is generated by selective adjustment of said piston damper valve; setting said flow restriction to C firm when C'<0 and concurrently actuating said flow control means to selectively add fluid to said first portion of said working chamber during an expansion stroke and exhausting fluid during a compression stroke, and wherein said flow restriction is set to C firm to minimize the flow requirement of said flow control means; setting said flow restriction to C soft when C'<C soft and concurrently actuating said flow control means for decreasing the flow through said piston damper valve, such that during an expansion stroke said flow control means is actuation to add fluid to said first portion of said working chamber and during a compression stroke said flow control means is actuation to exhaust fluid from said first portion of said working chamber, and wherein said flow restriction is set to C soft to minimize the flow requirement of said flow control means; and setting said flow restriction to C firm when C'>C firm such that said flow restriction is not sufficient to generate the desired output force whereby said flow control means is actuated to increase flow through said piston damper valve, said flow control means is actuated to exhaust fluid from said first portion of said working chamber during an expansion stroke, and said flow control means is actuated to add fluid to said first portion of said working chamber during a compression stroke of said actuator.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 35 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 26 wherein said actuator controller includes means for calculating the commanded flow from said servo valve Q serv and said commanded damper setting C com .

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 79 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 27 wherein said piston damper valve has a driving circuit adapted for varying the flow restriction upon receiving said commanded setting C com from said actuator controller and wherein said servo valve is adapted to either supply said actuator with high pressure fluid from said fluid supply means or exhaust fluid from said actuator for return to said reservoir based on said commanded flow Q com from said actuator controller.

Claim 30

Independent Claim 213 words

An apparatus for use with an active suspension system of a motor vehicle having a central high pressure fluid source, comprising: hydraulic actuators adapted to be operably connected between the vehicle suspension and body at each corner thereof, each of said hydraulic actuators having a pressure cylinder forming a working chamber operable to store damping fluid therein and secured to one of the suspension and body of the vehicle, and a piston and rod assembly coaxially disposed within said pressure cylinder for translational movement therein with opposite sides of said piston defining first and second portions of said working chamber, said rod secured at an end opposite said piston to the other of the suspension and body portions of the vehicle; variable flow restriction means for varying the flow of damping fluid between said first and second portions of said working chamber; flow control means associated with said actuator and fluidly connecting said actuator to the central high pressure fluid source for controlling the flow of damping fluid therebetween, said flow control means adapted to fluidly communicate with one of said first and second portions of said working chamber; and an accumulator associated with said actuator and in fluid communication with the other of said first and second portions of said working chamber.

Claim 31

Independent Claim 213 words

An apparatus for use with an active suspension system of a motor vehicle having a central high pressure fluid source, comprising: hydraulic actuators adapted to be operably connected between the vehicle suspension and body at each corner thereof, each of said hydraulic actuators having a pressure cylinder forming a working chamber operable to store damping fluid therein and secured to one of the suspension and body of the vehicle, and a piston and rod assembly coaxially disposed within said pressure cylinder for translational movement therein with opposite sides of said piston defining first and second portions of said working chamber, said rod secured at an end opposite said piston to the other of the suspension and body portions of the vehicle; variable flow restriction means for varying the flow of damping fluid between said first and second portions of said working chamber; flow control means associated with said actuator and fluidly connecting said actuator to the central high pressure fluid source for controlling the flow of damping fluid therebetween, said flow control means adapted to fluidly communicate with one of said first and second portions of said working chamber; and an accumulator associated with said actuator and in fluid communication with the other of said first and second portions of said working chamber.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 35 words

The apparatus of claim 29 wherein said variable flow restriction means comprises infinitely variable flow restriction valving associated with said piston which is selectively variable between a maximum flow restriction to a minimum flow restriction.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 27 words

The apparatus of claim 30 wherein said flow control means is a servo valve fluidly connected in series intermediate said actuator and said central fluid pressure source.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 29 words

The apparatus of claim 29 further comprising sensor means for sensing the dynamic motion of the suspension and body of the vehicle and generating output signals in response thereto.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 61 words

The apparatus of claim 32 further comprising control means adapted to receive said output signals from said sensor means for calculating a commanded force output signal "U" for said actuator, said control means adapted for selectively actuating at least one of said variable flow restriction means and said flow control means for generating an output force F actuator from said actuator.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 113 words

The apparatus of claim 31 wherein said control means includes a central control system adapted for passively controlling the dynamic behavior of the vehicle suspension through actuation of said variable flow restriction means for selectively varying the flow therethrough between a minimum and maximum flow limit, said control system actively controlling the dynamic behavior of the vehicle body through substantially simultaneous actuation of said flow restriction means and said flow control means so as to either add high pressure fluid to said working chamber of said actuator or exhaust fluid from said working chamber to a reservoir when said commanded force "U" is outside of the limits of said variable flow restriction means.

Claim 37

Dependent Claim 67 words

The apparatus of claim 34 wherein said central control system is a full state feedback control system having a closed-loop dynamic leveling controller circuit for generating an output signal U dyn , and a closed-loop load leveling controller circuit for generating an output signal U o wherein the commanded force signal "U" inputted to said actuator is determined according to the equation "U"=U dyn +U o .

Claim 38

Dependent Claim 25 words

The apparatus of claim 35 wherein said load leveling controller circuit is adapted to maintain a predetermined vehicle static height under variable vehicle loading conditions.

Claim 39

Dependent Claim 100 words

The apparatus of claim 36 wherein said dynamic leveling controller circuit includes signal processing means for processing said output signals from said sensor means for generating a state variable vector X n representing the velocity and displacement of the vehicle suspension and body, said dynamic leveling controller circuit further includes vehicle controller means having a feedback gain regulation matrix G n defining stiffness and damping characteristics based on predetermined vehicle dynamic performance requirements, and wherein said vehicle controller means receives an output from said signal processing means for calculating "U dyn " according to the following equation: U.sub.dyn =-G.sub.n (X.sub.n).

Claim 40

Dependent Claim 53 words

The apparatus of claim 37 wherein said feedback gains of said gain matrix G n are determined by the pole placement design method such that the location of the poles is defined by said predefined vehicle performance requirements such that the feedback gains represent stiffness and damping characteristics acting on the vehicle body.

Claim 41

Dependent Claim 24 words

The apparatus of claim 38 wherein said signal processing means includes means for estimating state variables from the output signals of said sensor means.

Claim 42

Dependent Claim 112 words

The apparatus of claim 38 wherein said state variable vector X n has fourteen state variables for defining the dynamic motion at each of the four corners of the vehicle, wherein: ______________________________________ x.sub.1 = Z, heave velocity of C. G. x.sub.8 = Z, heave displacement x.sub.2 = θ, Pitch angular velocity x.sub.9 = O, Pitch angle x.sub.3 = , Roll angular velocity x.sub.10 = Q, Roll angle x.sub.4 = Left Front suspension vel. x.sub.11 = LF suspension displ. x.sub.5 = Right Front suspension vel. x.sub.12 = RF suspension displ. x.sub.6 = Right Rear suspension vel. x.sub.13 = RR suspension displ. x.sub.7 = Left Rear suspension vel. x.sub.14 = LR suspension displ. ______________________________________

Claim 43

Dependent Claim 29 words

The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said signal processing means includes means for estimating state variables X 1 through X 10 from the output signals of said sensor means.

Claim 44

Dependent Claim 51 words

The apparatus of claim 38 wherein said central control system further comprises gain adaption means for continuously modifying said feedback gain matrix G n such that the feedback gain values corresponding to damping characteristics of the vehicle are modified in response to changes in frequency and amplitude of the suspension velocity.

Claim 45

Dependent Claim 150 words

The apparatus of claim 42 wherein said gain adaption means comprises a closed-loop control system including disturbance identifier means for identifying disturbances represented by variations in frequency and amplitude of the vehicle suspension velocity and for continuously calculating a gain weighting coefficient (α) based thereon, said gain adaption means further comprising gain tuner means for receiving said gain weighting coefficient (α) from said disturbance identifier means and calculating a linear combination "G" of a first feedback gain matrix G soft and a second feedback gain matrix G firm according to the equation: g=(1-(α))g.sub.soft +(α)g.sub.firm Where: 0<(α)<1 said first feedback matrix G soft is adapted for relatively soft damping of the vehicle suspension for providing a smooth ride and said second gain matrix G firm is adapted for providing firm damping of the vehicle suspension with the objective to improve road holding and minimize relative displacement between the body and suspension.

Claim 46

Dependent Claim 154 words

The apparatus of claim 43 wherein said control means further comprises an actuator controller circuit adapted to receive said commanded force output signal "U" corresponding to said actuator for selectively controlling actuation of said variable flow restriction means and said flow control means for generating said actuator force F actuator in response thereto and which is calculated according to the equation: F.sub.actuator =F.sub.acc +F.sub.piston Where: F piston =C Q piston Q piston =Q rel +Q serv Q rel =V rel A piston F acc 32 p acc A rod p acc =Konst/V acc k F piston =Actuator force from piston C=Flow characteristic of piston valve C com =Commanded setting of valve Q piston =Hydr. flow through piston valve Q rel =Hydr. flow by suspension velocity Q serv =Hydr. flow from servo valve Q com =Commanded flow F acc =Actuator force from accumulator pressure p acc =Accumulator pressure V acc =Volume of gas in accumulator.

Claim 47

Dependent Claim 72 words

The apparatus of claim 44 wherein said commanded force "U" is the sum of the accumulator force F acc and piston force F piston such that the piston force F piston is generated by said flow control means and said flow restriction means whereby changes in said piston force F piston are generated by selectively controlling the flow through said flow restriction means and its flow restriction characteristic such that: U-F.sub.acc =C(Q.sub.serv).

Claim 48

Dependent Claim 113 words

The apparatus of claim 45 wherein said flow restriction means is a piston damper valve which is infinitely controllably within its minimum and maximum flow restriction limits C soft and C firm respectively, such that a control signal C com from said actuator controller circuit actuates said piston damper valve whereby system power requirements are substantially reduced by selectively actuating only said piston damper valve for dissipative power demands within its flow restriction limits, said flow control means actuated when said power demand is outside of the limits of said piston damper valve for adding or subtracting power to said actuator for selectively modifying the flow of fluid through said piston damper valve.

Claim 49

Dependent Claim 80 words

The low power fully active suspension system of claim 46 wherein said piston damper valve has a driving circuit adapted for varying the flow restriction upon receiving said commanded setting C com from said actuator controller and wherein said flow control means is adapted to either supply said actuator with high pressure fluid from said fluid supply means or exhaust fluid from said actuator for return to said reservoir based on said commanded flow Q com from said actuator controller.

Claim 50

Independent Claim 370 words

A method of dynamically leveling the attitude of a vehicle in response to changes in the dynamic behavior of the suspension and body of the vehicle, said method comprising the steps of: connecting a hydraulic actuator between the suspension and body at each corner of the vehicle, said actuator having a piston and rod assembly disposed within a pressure cylinder such that said piston defines first and second portions of a working chamber adapted for storing damping fluid within said pressure cylinder; connecting said first portion of said working chamber for each actuator to a high pressure fluid source having a pump and a reservoir; connecting flow control means intermediate said high pressure fluid source and each of said actuators for controlling the addition or release of fluid from said first portion of said working chamber; connecting an accumulator to said second portion of said working chamber for each of said actuator; providing a variable flow restriction for varying the flow of damping fluid between said first and second portions of said working chamber said flow restriction being variable between an upper and lower limit; sensing the dynamic behavior of the suspension and body at each corner of the vehicle for generating an electrical sensor output signal in response thereto; calculating a desired suspension force "U" signal for each actuator in response to said sensor output signals; inputting said suspension force signal "U" to an actuator controller adapted for controlling actuation of said flow control means and said variable flow restriction for generating a desired output force F actuator from each actuator; actuating said variable flow restriction for generating said actuator force F actuator when said desired suspension force signal "U" is within said upper and lower limits of said variable flow restriction; and actuating said variable flow restriction to be set at either its upper o lower limit and concurrently actuating said flow control means for intermittently opening and closing a fluid communication path between said high pressure fluid source and said actuator for adding and subtracting energy to and from said actuator respectively, whereby substantially concurrent actuation generates said actuator force F actuator whenever said desired suspension force "U" is outside of said limits of said flow restriction.

Claim 51

Independent Claim 370 words

A method of dynamically leveling the attitude of a vehicle in response to changes in the dynamic behavior of the suspension and body of the vehicle, said method comprising the steps of: connecting a hydraulic actuator between the suspension and body at each corner of the vehicle, said actuator having a piston and rod assembly disposed within a pressure cylinder such that said piston defines first and second portions of a working chamber adapted for storing damping fluid within said pressure cylinder; connecting said first portion of said working chamber for each actuator to a high pressure fluid source having a pump and a reservoir; connecting flow control means intermediate said high pressure fluid source and each of said actuators for controlling the addition or release of fluid from said first portion of said working chamber; connecting an accumulator to said second portion of said working chamber for each of said actuator; providing a variable flow restriction for varying the flow of damping fluid between said first and second portions of said working chamber said flow restriction being variable between an upper and lower limit; sensing the dynamic behavior of the suspension and body at each corner of the vehicle for generating an electrical sensor output signal in response thereto; calculating a desired suspension force "U" signal for each actuator in response to said sensor output signals; inputting said suspension force signal "U" to an actuator controller adapted for controlling actuation of said flow control means and said variable flow restriction for generating a desired output force F actuator from each actuator; actuating said variable flow restriction for generating said actuator force F actuator when said desired suspension force signal "U" is within said upper and lower limits of said variable flow restriction; and actuating said variable flow restriction to be set at either its upper o lower limit and concurrently actuating said flow control means for intermittently opening and closing a fluid communication path between said high pressure fluid source and said actuator for adding and subtracting energy to and from said actuator respectively, whereby substantially concurrent actuation generates said actuator force F actuator whenever said desired suspension force "U" is outside of said limits of said flow restriction.

Claim 52

Dependent Claim 62 words

The method of claim 48 wherein said step of calculating force signal "U" comprises providing a closed-loop dynamic leveling control system and a closed-loop load leveling control system such that said suspension force signal "U" is the sum of an output signal from said dynamic leveling system "U dyn " and the output signal from said load leveling system "U o ".

Claim 53

Dependent Claim 100 words

The method of claim 49 wherein said dynamic leveling control system includes the steps of: receiving said electrical sensor output signals; processing said sensor output signals in a signal processor for generating a state variable vector X n representing the dynamic motion of the vehicle's suspension and body; inputting said state variable vector X n into a vehicle controller having a feedback gain regulation matrix G n corresponding to vector X n defining predetermined vehicle body and suspension stiffness and damping characteristics; and calculating "U dyn " for input to said actuator controller from the following equation: U.sub.dyn =-G.sub.n (X.sub.n).

Claim 54

Dependent Claim 35 words

The method of claim 50 wherein said signal processing step further includes the step of estimating at least one state variable of said state variable vector X n prior to input into said vehicle controller.

Claim 55

Dependent Claim 51 words

The method of claim 50 wherein said step of estimating state variables includes: derivating suspension displacement sensor output signals for deriving estimated suspension velocity state variables; integrating acceleration sensor output signals for estimating body velocity state variables; and integrating said estimated body velocity state variables for estimating body displacement state variables.

Claim 56

Dependent Claim 39 words

The method of claim 50 wherein said step for calculating "U dyn " further includes the step of adaptively modifying said gain matrix G n in response to changes in the frequency and amplitude of the vehicle's suspension velocity.

Claim 57

Dependent Claim 100 words

The method of claim 53 wherein said gain modifying step includes the steps of: inputting suspension velocity state variables from said signal processor into a disturbance identifier; identifying disturbances represented by variations in frequency and amplitude of the suspension velocity state variables; calculating a gain weighting coefficient (α) for each corner of the vehicle; calculating a linear combination "G" of a first feedback gain matrix G soft and a second feedback gain matrix G firm according to the equation: g=(1-(α))g.sub.soft +(g.sub.firm Where: 0<(α)<1; and inputting said linear combination "G" into said vehicle controller for use in calculating "U dyn ".

Claim 58

Dependent Claim 81 words

The method of claim 54 wherein said step of calculating a gain weighting coefficient comprises the steps of: filtering said suspension velocity signals; sampling said suspension velocity signals; rectifying said filtered and sampled signal; and saturating said rectified signal for maximizing the output value to 1 such that the magnitude of said gain weighting coefficient (α) is about zero for frequencies near the natural frequency of the vehicle body and about one for frequencies near the natural frequency of the suspension.

Claim 59

Dependent Claim 117 words

The method of claim 48 wherein said actuating steps associated with said actuator controller include generating an actuator force F actuator according to the equation: F.sub.actuator =F.sub.acc +F.sub.piston Where: F piston =C Q piston Q piston =Q rel +Q serv Q rel =V rel A piston F acc =p acc A rod p acc =Konst/V acc k F piston =Actuator force from piston C=Flow characteristic of piston valve C com =Commanded setting of valve C piston =Hydr. flow through piston valve Q rel =Hydr. flow by suspension velocity Q serv =Hydr. flow from servo valve Q com =Commanded flow F acc =Actuator force from accumulator pressure p acc =Accumulator pressure V acc =Volume of gas in accumulator.

Claim 60

Dependent Claim 322 words

The method of claim 56 wherein said variable flow restriction has variable range of control between a low flow restriction limit (C soft ) and a high flow restriction limit (C firm ), flow restriction characteristic (C') is determined according to the equation C'=(U-F acc )/Q rel wherein controlling actuation of said flow restriction and said flow control means includes the steps of: setting said flow restriction to C' when C soft <C'<C firm whereby the desired actuator force is generated by selective adjustment of said flow restriction; setting said flow restriction to C firm when C'<0 and concurrently actuating said flow control means to selectively add fluid to said first portion of said working chamber during an expansion stroke and exhausting fluid during a compression stroke, and wherein said flow restriction is set to C firm to minimize the flow requirement of said flow control means; setting said flow restriction to C soft when C'<C soft and concurrently actuating said flow control means for decreasing the flow through said flow restriction, such that during an expansion stroke said flow control means is actuation to add fluid to said first portion of said working chamber and during a compression stroke said flow control means is actuated to exhaust fluid from said first portion of said working chamber, and wherein said flow restriction is set to C soft to minimize the flow requirement of said flow control means; and setting said flow restriction to C firm when C'>C firm such that said flow restriction is not sufficient to generate the desired output force whereby said flow control means is actuated to increase flow through said flow restriction, said flow control means is actuated to exhaust fluid from said first portion of said working chamber during an expansion stroke, and said flow control means is actuated to add fluid to said first portion of said working chamber during a compression stroke of said actuator.

Claim 61

Independent Claim 193 words

A method of adapting the gains of a full feedback control system for an active suspension system, said system having an actuator connected between the sprung and unsprung mass of the vehicle, said method comprising the steps of: providing a closed-loop dynamic leveling control circuit adapted to receive output signals from a plurality of transducers for generating a state variable vector X n defining the velocity and displacement of the vehicle's sprung and unsprung mass, said dynamic leveling control circuit having a feedback gain matrix G n defining stiffness and damping characteristics based on predetermined vehicle performance requirements so as to generate a demanded output force U=G n (X n ); identifying disturbances represented by variations in the frequency and amplitude of the vehicle's relative suspension velocity; calculating a gain weighting coefficient (α) based on the frequency content of said disturbances; calculating a linear combination matrix "G" of a first feedback gain matrix G soft and a second feedback gain matrix G firm according to the equation g=(1-(α))g.sub.soft +(α)g.sub.firm where: 0<(α)<1; and inputting said weighted linear combination "G" into said feedback gain matrix G for continuously calculating modified demanded output force signals "U".

Claim 62

Independent Claim 193 words

A method of adapting the gains of a full feedback control system for an active suspension system, said system having an actuator connected between the sprung and unsprung mass of the vehicle, said method comprising the steps of: providing a closed-loop dynamic leveling control circuit adapted to receive output signals from a plurality of transducers for generating a state variable vector X n defining the velocity and displacement of the vehicle's sprung and unsprung mass, said dynamic leveling control circuit having a feedback gain matrix G n defining stiffness and damping characteristics based on predetermined vehicle performance requirements so as to generate a demanded output force U=G n (X n ); identifying disturbances represented by variations in the frequency and amplitude of the vehicle's relative suspension velocity; calculating a gain weighting coefficient (α) based on the frequency content of said disturbances; calculating a linear combination matrix "G" of a first feedback gain matrix G soft and a second feedback gain matrix G firm according to the equation g=(1-(α))g.sub.soft +(α)g.sub.firm where: 0<(α)<1; and inputting said weighted linear combination "G" into said feedback gain matrix G for continuously calculating modified demanded output force signals "U".

Claim 63

Dependent Claim 31 words

The method of claim 58 wherein said step of calculating a linear combination matrix "G" is provided for continuously changing the dynamic behavior of the vehicle following identification of said disturbance.

Claim 64

Dependent Claim 80 words

The method of claim 58 defining a full feedback gain adaption circuit for adjusting the feedback gains for increasing and decreasing suspension damping characteristics associated with said first feedback matrix G soft and said second feedback matrix G firm , said first feedback matrix G soft adapted for relatively soft damping of the vehicle suspension for providing a smooth ride and said second feedback matrix G firm adapted for providing firm damping of the vehicle suspension for improved road holding.

Claim 65

Dependent Claim 100 words

The method of claim 60 wherein said step of calculating a gain weighting coefficient (α) includes: filtering and sampling disturbance input signals representative of the frequency and amplitude of said suspension velocity; rectifying said filter signal; and saturating said rectified signal for maximizing the output to 1 wherein said gain weighting coefficient (α) is scaled to be within the range of 0 to 1 such that (α) has a magnitude of about 0 for frequencies near the natural frequency of the vehicle sprung mass and a magnitude of about 1 for frequencies near the natural frequency of the unsprung mass.

Claim 66

Dependent Claim 24 words

The method of claim 61 wherein said gain weighting coefficient (α) varies continuously with the frequency content of the vehicle's wheel motion and amplitude.

Claim 67

Dependent Claim 56 words

The method of claim 62 wherein said step of filtering of said suspension velocity input signal is performed by passing the signal through an under-damped high-pass filter tuned to a maximum amplification at about the wheel resonant frequency and having a sampling rate of about 125 Hz for providing relatively small incremental changes in the gains.

Claim 68

Dependent Claim 164 words

A dynamic leveling control system for a low power fully active suspension system for generating a commanded force output signal "U" for input to an actuator controller system, comprising: sensor means for sensing the dynamic motion of the suspension and body of a vehicle and generating sensor output signals in response thereto; signal processing means for processing said sensor output signals so as to generate a state variable vector X n representing the dynamic motion of said vehicle's suspension and body, said signal processing means including estimating means for estimating at least one state variable of state variable vector X n from said sensor output signals; vehicle controller means having a feedback gain matrix G n defining stiffness and damping characteristics for said state variable vector X n based on predetermined vehicle dynamic performance requirements such that said vehicle controller means receives an output from said signal processing means for calculating "U dyn " according to the following state matrix equation: U.sub.dyn =-G.sub.n (X.sub.n).

Claim 69

Dependent Claim 164 words

A dynamic leveling control system for a low power fully active suspension system for generating a commanded force output signal "U" for input to an actuator controller system, comprising: sensor means for sensing the dynamic motion of the suspension and body of a vehicle and generating sensor output signals in response thereto; signal processing means for processing said sensor output signals so as to generate a state variable vector X n representing the dynamic motion of said vehicle's suspension and body, said signal processing means including estimating means for estimating at least one state variable of state variable vector X n from said sensor output signals; vehicle controller means having a feedback gain matrix G n defining stiffness and damping characteristics for said state variable vector X n based on predetermined vehicle dynamic performance requirements such that said vehicle controller means receives an output from said signal processing means for calculating "U dyn " according to the following state matrix equation: U.sub.dyn =-G.sub.n (X.sub.n).

Claim 70

Dependent Claim 20 words

The dynamic leveling control system of claim 64 wherein said control system is a closed-loop full feedback gain regulation controller.

Claim 71

Dependent Claim 57 words

The dynamic leveling control system of claim 65 wherein wherein said feedback gains of said gain matrix G n are determined by the pole placement design method such that the location of the poles is defined by said predefined vehicle performance requirements such that said feedback gains represent stiffness and damping characteristics acting on said vehicle body.

Claim 72

Dependent Claim 53 words

The dynamic leveling control system of claim 65 wherein said sensor means include a relative position sensor located at each corner of the vehicle between the suspension and body for measuring the relative displacement of the suspension, and accelerometer means adapted for measuring the heave, pitch and roll acceleration of the vehicle body.

Claim 73

Dependent Claim 112 words

The dynamic leveling control system of claim 67 wherein said state variable vector X n has fourteen state variables for defining the dynamic motion at each corner of said vehicle, wherein: ______________________________________ x.sub.1 = Z, heave velocity of C. G. x.sub.8 = Z, heave displacement x.sub.2 = θ, Pitch angular velocity x.sub.9 = θ, Pitch angle x.sub.3 = , Roll angular velocity x.sub.10 = , Roll angle x.sub.4 = Left Front suspension vel. x.sub.11 = LF suspension displ. x.sub.5 = Right Front suspension vel. x.sub.12 = RF suspension displ. x.sub.6 = Right Rear suspension vel. x.sub.13 = RR suspension displ. x.sub.7 = Left Rear suspension vel. x.sub.14 = LR suspension displ. ______________________________________

Claim 74

Dependent Claim 36 words

The dynamic leveling control system of claim 67 wherein said estimating means is an observer for estimating state variables X 1 through X 10 from said output signals from said position sensors and said accelerometer means.

Claim 75

Dependent Claim 58 words

The dynamic leveling control system of claim 69 wherein said estimating means includes derivating filter means for derivating the suspension displacements X 11 through X 14 measured by said position sensors for estimating suspension velocities X 4 through X 7 , and wherein said derivating filter means is scaled to act as a derivator at relatively low frequencies.

Claim 76

Dependent Claim 71 words

The dynamic leveling control system of claim 70 wherein said estimating means further comprises first integrating filter means for integrating the heave, pitch and roll accelerations sensed by said accelerometer means to estimate body velocities X 1 through X 3 , and wherein body displacement state variables X 8 through X 10 are estimated using second integrating filter means for integrating the estimated body velocities X 1 through X 3 .

Claim 77

Dependent Claim 53 words

The dynamic leveling control system of claim 65 wherein said central control system further comprises gain adaption means for continuously modifying said feedback gain matrix G n such that the feedback gains corresponding to damping of the vehicle suspension are modified in response to changes in frequency and amplitude of the suspension velocity.

Claim 78

Dependent Claim 105 words

The dynamic leveling control system of claim 72 wherein said gain adaption means is a closed-loop system comprised of disturbance identifier means for identifying disturbances represented by variations in frequency and amplitude of the vehicle suspension velocity and for continuously calculating a gain weighting coefficient (α) based thereon corresponding to each corner of said vehicle, said closed-loop system further comprising gain tuner means for receiving said gain weighting coefficient from said disturbance identifier means and calculating a linear combination "G" of a first feedback gain matrix G soft and a second feedback gain matrix G firm according to the equation g=(1-(α))g.sub.soft +(α)g.sub.firm Where: 0<(α)<1 .

Claim 79

Dependent Claim 63 words

The dynamic leveling control system of claim 73 wherein the first feedback matrix G soft is adapted for relatively soft damping of said vehicle suspension for providing a smooth ride and said second gain matrix G firm is adapted for providing firm damping of said vehicle suspension with the objective to improve road holding and minimize relative displacement between the body and suspension.

Claim 80

Dependent Claim 53 words

The dynamic leveling control system of claim 74 wherein said gain weighting coefficient (α) is scaled to be within the range of (0-1) such that (α) is about 0 for frequencies near the natural frequency of the vehicle body and (α) is about 1 for frequencies near the natural frequency of the suspension.

Claim 81

Dependent Claim 72 words

The dynamic leveling control system of claim 75 wherein said disturbance identifier means receives estimated suspension velocity signals from said signal processor means such that said suspension velocity signals are inputted into high-pass filter means for filtering and sampling said velocity signal, said disturbance identifier means also includes rectifying means for rectifying the filtered signal received from said high-pass filter means and saturation means for maximizing the rectified output value to 1.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1995-03-17	1995-09-16	1996-03-17	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1999-03-17	1999-09-16	2000-03-17	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2003-03-17	2003-09-16	2004-03-17	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Method and apparatus for dynamic leveling

Abstract

Inventors

Bibliographic Details

Claims Analysis

References Cited (Backward Citations)

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Assigned Categories & Tags

Assign Category Tag