Patent US3523889B1 successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5089985A
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System and method for performing a sort operation in a relational database manager to pass results directly to a user without writing to disk
Assignee: International Business Machines Corp
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Filing: 1988-04-07
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Granted: 1992-02-18
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Expires: 2008-04-07
Abstract
Abstract In a relational database system, a method is utilized that increases the performance of the sort operation. An optimizer routine in the relational database manager analyzes a user's complete query to determine whether the final sorted results can be used directly by the user as sorting occurs. If the sort results can be used, the sort results are sent to Relational Data Services in the relational database manager for output to the user. Depending upon the determination made by the optimizer routine, one of two output modes for the final sorted sequence string of data are selected by the relational database manager. In disk output mode, the last pass of the final sorted sequence spring is written to disk. In fast direct output mode, the records of data are sent to the user as the final sorted sequence string is being merged during the last pass. The system and method of this invention reduces the total sort time by eliminating the overhead of writing the disk during the fast direct output mode. Also, the response time, or availability for each record is reduced since each record is retrieved or sent to the Relational Data Services immediately after it has been sorted into the final sort order instead of completing the entire sort first, and then writing to disk.
Inventors
- 👤 Philip Y. Chang
- 👤 Daniel J. Coyle, Jr.
- 👤 Timothy R. Malkemus
- 👤 Rebecca A. Rodriguez
- 👤 Philip J. Welti
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 10:33
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06F; G06F16/00; G06F16/20; G06F16/24; G06F16/245; G06F16/2453; G06F16/2455; G06F16/24553; G06F16/24554; G06F16/24556; G06F16/2457; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S707/00; Y10S707/99931; Y10S707/99932; Y10S707/99937
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 36
Claim 1
Independent Claim
159 words
A method of processing a query statement in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said relational database system; generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said relational database system; analyzing, by said relational database system, said plan for processing the query statement; selecting by said relational database system a mode for directiong output of a sort operation of said plan, said mode selection being responsive to said analyzing of said plan; directly passing, in a first mode, said output of said sort operation to a user of said relational database system without writing to a disk if said plan has a sort input plan to a root plan of a table access plan, and passing, in a second mode, said output of said sort operation to a disk only if said plan has no sort input plan to a root plant of a table access plan.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
159 words
A method of processing a query statement in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said relational database system; generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said relational database system; analyzing, by said relational database system, said plan for processing the query statement; selecting by said relational database system a mode for directiong output of a sort operation of said plan, said mode selection being responsive to said analyzing of said plan; directly passing, in a first mode, said output of said sort operation to a user of said relational database system without writing to a disk if said plan has a sort input plan to a root plan of a table access plan, and passing, in a second mode, said output of said sort operation to a disk only if said plan has no sort input plan to a root plant of a table access plan.
Claim 3
Independent Claim
124 words
A method of processing a query statement in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said database system; generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said database system; analyzing, by said relational database system, the query statement to determine if sorted output data of a sort operation of said query statement will be used a plurality of times; writing the sorted output to disk if the sorted output data will be used a plurality of times; and passing the sorted output data directly to a user of said relational database system as the sorted output is ordered without writing to a disk if the sorted output data will be used only once.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
124 words
A method of processing a query statement in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said database system; generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said database system; analyzing, by said relational database system, the query statement to determine if sorted output data of a sort operation of said query statement will be used a plurality of times; writing the sorted output to disk if the sorted output data will be used a plurality of times; and passing the sorted output data directly to a user of said relational database system as the sorted output is ordered without writing to a disk if the sorted output data will be used only once.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
133 words
A method of processing a query statement in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said database system; generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said database system; analyzing, by said relational database system, the query statement to determine if sorted output data of a sort operation of said query statement will be used a predetermined number of times; writing the sorted output to disk only if the sorted output data will be used the predetermined number of times; and passing the sorted output data directly to a user of said relational database system as the sorted output data is ordered without writing to a disk if the sorted output data will be used less than the predetermined number of times.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
133 words
A method of processing a query statement in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said database system; generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said database system; analyzing, by said relational database system, the query statement to determine if sorted output data of a sort operation of said query statement will be used a predetermined number of times; writing the sorted output to disk only if the sorted output data will be used the predetermined number of times; and passing the sorted output data directly to a user of said relational database system as the sorted output data is ordered without writing to a disk if the sorted output data will be used less than the predetermined number of times.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
156 words
A method of performing a sort operation in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said database system; generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said database system; determining, by a relational database manager, a first or second mode for directing a sort output of the sort operation; ordering a plurality of rows in a relational database into a plurality of ordered sequence strings; merging said ordered sequence strings into a plurality of merged sequence strings during at least one intermediate merge pass; returning sequentially and directly, to a user of said relational database system, a plurality of final sorted rows resulting from a final merge pass of said merged sequence strings as each one of said final sorted rows are ordered without writing to a disk, in said first mode; and writing the final sorted rows to disk, only in said second mode.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
156 words
A method of performing a sort operation in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said database system; generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said database system; determining, by a relational database manager, a first or second mode for directing a sort output of the sort operation; ordering a plurality of rows in a relational database into a plurality of ordered sequence strings; merging said ordered sequence strings into a plurality of merged sequence strings during at least one intermediate merge pass; returning sequentially and directly, to a user of said relational database system, a plurality of final sorted rows resulting from a final merge pass of said merged sequence strings as each one of said final sorted rows are ordered without writing to a disk, in said first mode; and writing the final sorted rows to disk, only in said second mode.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
138 words
A method of performing a sort operation in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said database system; generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said database system; determining, by a relational database manager, a first or second mode for directing a sort output of the sort operation; ordering a plurality of rows in a relational database into a plurality of ordered sequence strings; returning sequentially and directly, to a user of said relational database system, the plurality of ordered rows resulting from a merge pass of said ordered sequence strings as each one of said rows are ordered without writing to a disk, in said first mode; and writing to a disk the ordered rows resulting from the merge pass, only in said second mode.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
138 words
A method of performing a sort operation in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said database system; generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said database system; determining, by a relational database manager, a first or second mode for directing a sort output of the sort operation; ordering a plurality of rows in a relational database into a plurality of ordered sequence strings; returning sequentially and directly, to a user of said relational database system, the plurality of ordered rows resulting from a merge pass of said ordered sequence strings as each one of said rows are ordered without writing to a disk, in said first mode; and writing to a disk the ordered rows resulting from the merge pass, only in said second mode.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
122 words
A method of performing a sort operation in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said database system; generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said database system; determining, by a relational database manager, a first or second mode for directing a sort output of the sort operation; ordering a plurality of rows in a memory of said relational database into an ordered string; returning sequentially and directly, to a user of said relational database system, the plurality of rows from said ordered string in said first mode without writing to a disk; and writing the ordered string to disk as an ordered sequence string, only in said second mode.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
122 words
A method of performing a sort operation in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said database system; generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said database system; determining, by a relational database manager, a first or second mode for directing a sort output of the sort operation; ordering a plurality of rows in a memory of said relational database into an ordered string; returning sequentially and directly, to a user of said relational database system, the plurality of rows from said ordered string in said first mode without writing to a disk; and writing the ordered string to disk as an ordered sequence string, only in said second mode.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
162 words
A method of performing a sort operation in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: determining, by a relational database manager, a first or second mode for directing a sort output of the sort operation; ordering a plurality of rows in a relational database into a plurality of ordered sequence strings; merging said ordered sequence strings into a plurality of merged sequence strings during at least one intermediate merge pass; selecting sequentially one of said rows from a top entry from each of said merged sequence strings as a next entry in a final single ordered string during a final merge pass; returning sequentially and directly without writing to a disk, to a user of said relational data processing system, said one of said rows as said row is being selected as the next entry in the final single ordered string, in said first mode, and writing said final single ordered string to disk only in said second mode.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
162 words
A method of performing a sort operation in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: determining, by a relational database manager, a first or second mode for directing a sort output of the sort operation; ordering a plurality of rows in a relational database into a plurality of ordered sequence strings; merging said ordered sequence strings into a plurality of merged sequence strings during at least one intermediate merge pass; selecting sequentially one of said rows from a top entry from each of said merged sequence strings as a next entry in a final single ordered string during a final merge pass; returning sequentially and directly without writing to a disk, to a user of said relational data processing system, said one of said rows as said row is being selected as the next entry in the final single ordered string, in said first mode, and writing said final single ordered string to disk only in said second mode.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
166 words
A relational database system for processing a query statement, said system comprising: means for reading a query statement into said relational database system; means for generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said relational database system; an optimizer, in a relational database manager, for analyzing said plan for processing the query statement; means for selecting a mode for directing output of a sort operation of said plan either directly to a user, or to a disk, said mode selection being responsive to said analyzing of said plan, and directly passing, in a first mode without writing to a disk, said output of said sort operation to a user of said relational database system if said plan has a sort input plan to a root plan of a table access plan; passing, in a second mode, said output of said sort operation to a disk only if said plan has no sort input plan to a root plan of a table access plan.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
166 words
A relational database system for processing a query statement, said system comprising: means for reading a query statement into said relational database system; means for generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said relational database system; an optimizer, in a relational database manager, for analyzing said plan for processing the query statement; means for selecting a mode for directing output of a sort operation of said plan either directly to a user, or to a disk, said mode selection being responsive to said analyzing of said plan, and directly passing, in a first mode without writing to a disk, said output of said sort operation to a user of said relational database system if said plan has a sort input plan to a root plan of a table access plan; passing, in a second mode, said output of said sort operation to a disk only if said plan has no sort input plan to a root plan of a table access plan.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
170 words
A relational database system for processing a query statement, said system comprising: means for reading said query statement into said relational database system; means for generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said database system to pass the output either directly to a user, or to a disk; an optimizer interconnected to said means for reading, in a relational database manager, for analyzing said query statement; means interconnected to said optimizer for selecting a mode of output for a sort operation of said query statement, said mode selection being responsive to said analyzing of said query statement to pass the output either directly to a user, or to a disk; selecting a first mode for passing the output of a sort operation direclty to a user without writing to a disk if the query statement is an ORDER BY statement; and selecting a second mode for passing the output of a sort operation to a disk if the query statement is not an ORDER BY statement.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
170 words
A relational database system for processing a query statement, said system comprising: means for reading said query statement into said relational database system; means for generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said database system to pass the output either directly to a user, or to a disk; an optimizer interconnected to said means for reading, in a relational database manager, for analyzing said query statement; means interconnected to said optimizer for selecting a mode of output for a sort operation of said query statement, said mode selection being responsive to said analyzing of said query statement to pass the output either directly to a user, or to a disk; selecting a first mode for passing the output of a sort operation direclty to a user without writing to a disk if the query statement is an ORDER BY statement; and selecting a second mode for passing the output of a sort operation to a disk if the query statement is not an ORDER BY statement.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
146 words
A relational database system for performing a sort operation, said system comprising: means for determining, by a relational database manager, a first or second mode for directing a sort output of the sort operation; means for ordering a plurality of rows in a relational database into a pluraltiy of ordered sequence strings; means interconnected to said means for determining for returning sequentially and directly, to a user of said relational database system, the plurality of ordered rows resulting from a merge pass of said ordered sequence strings as each one of said rows are ordered without writing to a disk, in said first mode; means interconnected to said means for returning for writing to disk the ordered rows resulting from said merge pass, only in said second mode, and wherein said ordered rows are final sorted rows; and said merge pass is a final merge pass.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
146 words
A relational database system for performing a sort operation, said system comprising: means for determining, by a relational database manager, a first or second mode for directing a sort output of the sort operation; means for ordering a plurality of rows in a relational database into a pluraltiy of ordered sequence strings; means interconnected to said means for determining for returning sequentially and directly, to a user of said relational database system, the plurality of ordered rows resulting from a merge pass of said ordered sequence strings as each one of said rows are ordered without writing to a disk, in said first mode; means interconnected to said means for returning for writing to disk the ordered rows resulting from said merge pass, only in said second mode, and wherein said ordered rows are final sorted rows; and said merge pass is a final merge pass.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
160 words
A relational database system for performing a sort operation, said system comprising: means for determining, by a relational database manager, a first or second mode for directing a sort output of the sort operation; means for ordering a plurality of rows in a memory of said relational database into at least one ordered string; means interconnected to said means for determining for returning sequentially and directly, to a user of said relational database system, the plurality of rows from said ordered string in said first mode without writing to a disk; means interconnected to said means for returning for writing said ordered string to disk as an ordered sequence string, only in said second mode, said means for returning includes means for returning rows from a merge pass as each of said rows is ordered; and said means for writing to disk in said second mode includes means for writing to disk with ordered rows resulting from said merge pass.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
160 words
A relational database system for performing a sort operation, said system comprising: means for determining, by a relational database manager, a first or second mode for directing a sort output of the sort operation; means for ordering a plurality of rows in a memory of said relational database into at least one ordered string; means interconnected to said means for determining for returning sequentially and directly, to a user of said relational database system, the plurality of rows from said ordered string in said first mode without writing to a disk; means interconnected to said means for returning for writing said ordered string to disk as an ordered sequence string, only in said second mode, said means for returning includes means for returning rows from a merge pass as each of said rows is ordered; and said means for writing to disk in said second mode includes means for writing to disk with ordered rows resulting from said merge pass.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
180 words
A relational database system for performing a sort operation, said system comprising: means for determining, by a relational database manager, a first or second mode for directing a final sort output of the sort operation; means for ordering a plurality of rows in a relational database into a plurality of ordered sequence strings; means for merging said ordered sequence strings into a plurality of merged sequence strings during at least one intermediate merge pass; means for selecting sequentially one of said rows from a top entry from each of said merged sequence strings as a next entry in a final single ordered string during a final merge pass; means interconnected to said means for determining for returning sequentially and directly, to a user of said relational database system without writing to a disk, said one of said rows as said row is being selected as the next entry in the final single ordered string, in said first mode; and means interconnected to said means for returning for writing said final single ordered string to disk only in said second mode.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
180 words
A relational database system for performing a sort operation, said system comprising: means for determining, by a relational database manager, a first or second mode for directing a final sort output of the sort operation; means for ordering a plurality of rows in a relational database into a plurality of ordered sequence strings; means for merging said ordered sequence strings into a plurality of merged sequence strings during at least one intermediate merge pass; means for selecting sequentially one of said rows from a top entry from each of said merged sequence strings as a next entry in a final single ordered string during a final merge pass; means interconnected to said means for determining for returning sequentially and directly, to a user of said relational database system without writing to a disk, said one of said rows as said row is being selected as the next entry in the final single ordered string, in said first mode; and means interconnected to said means for returning for writing said final single ordered string to disk only in said second mode.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
168 words
A method of processing a query statement in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said relational database system; generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said relational database system; analyzing, by said relational database system, said plan for processing the query statement; selecting by said relational database system a mode for directiong output of a sort operation either directly to a user, or to a disk, said mode selection being responsive to said analyzing of said plan; directly passing, in a first mode, said output of said sort operation to a user of said relational database system without writing to a disk if said plan has a sort input plan to an outer plan of a join plan, and passing, in a second mode, said output of said sort operation to a disk only if said plan is performing an operation other than a sort input plan to an outer plan of a join plan.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
168 words
A method of processing a query statement in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said relational database system; generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said relational database system; analyzing, by said relational database system, said plan for processing the query statement; selecting by said relational database system a mode for directiong output of a sort operation either directly to a user, or to a disk, said mode selection being responsive to said analyzing of said plan; directly passing, in a first mode, said output of said sort operation to a user of said relational database system without writing to a disk if said plan has a sort input plan to an outer plan of a join plan, and passing, in a second mode, said output of said sort operation to a disk only if said plan is performing an operation other than a sort input plan to an outer plan of a join plan.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
131 words
The method of processing a query statement in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said relational database system; analyzing, by said relational database system, said query statement read into said relational database system; selecting a mode of output for a sort operation of said query statement either directly to a user, or to a disk, said mode selection being based on said analyzed query statement; selecting a first mode for passing the output of a sort operation direclty to a user without writing to a disk if said query statement is a GROUP BY statement; and selecting a second mode for passing the output of a sort operation to a disk only if said query statement is not a GROUP BY statement.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
131 words
The method of processing a query statement in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said relational database system; analyzing, by said relational database system, said query statement read into said relational database system; selecting a mode of output for a sort operation of said query statement either directly to a user, or to a disk, said mode selection being based on said analyzed query statement; selecting a first mode for passing the output of a sort operation direclty to a user without writing to a disk if said query statement is a GROUP BY statement; and selecting a second mode for passing the output of a sort operation to a disk only if said query statement is not a GROUP BY statement.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
142 words
A method of processing a query statement in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said relational database system; analyzing, by said relational database system, said query statement read into said relational database system; selecting a mode for passing the output of the sort operation either direclty to a user, or to a disk; selecting a first mode for passing the output of a sort operation directly to a user without writing to a disk if the relational databse manager is performing an outer pass operation of a MERGE JOIN operation of the query statement, and a second mode is selected for passing the output of a sort operation to a disk only if the relational database manager is not performing an outer pass operation of a MERGE JOIN operation of the query statement.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
142 words
A method of processing a query statement in a relational database system, said method comprising the steps of: reading said query statement into said relational database system; analyzing, by said relational database system, said query statement read into said relational database system; selecting a mode for passing the output of the sort operation either direclty to a user, or to a disk; selecting a first mode for passing the output of a sort operation directly to a user without writing to a disk if the relational databse manager is performing an outer pass operation of a MERGE JOIN operation of the query statement, and a second mode is selected for passing the output of a sort operation to a disk only if the relational database manager is not performing an outer pass operation of a MERGE JOIN operation of the query statement.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
168 words
A relational database system for processing a query statement, said system comprising: means for reading said query statement into said relational database system; means for generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said relational database system; an optimizer, in a relational database manager, for analyzing said plan for processing said query statement; and means for selecting a mode for directing output of a sort operation of said plan either direclty to a user, or to a disk, said mode selection being responsive to said analyzing of said plan; said output of said sort operation being directly passable in a first mode to a user of said relational database system without writing to a disk if said plan has a sort input plan to an outer plan of a join plan, and said output of said sort operation being passabel in a second mode to a disk only if said plan has a sort input plan not to an outer plan of a join plan.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
168 words
A relational database system for processing a query statement, said system comprising: means for reading said query statement into said relational database system; means for generating a plan for said processing of said query statement with said relational database system; an optimizer, in a relational database manager, for analyzing said plan for processing said query statement; and means for selecting a mode for directing output of a sort operation of said plan either direclty to a user, or to a disk, said mode selection being responsive to said analyzing of said plan; said output of said sort operation being directly passable in a first mode to a user of said relational database system without writing to a disk if said plan has a sort input plan to an outer plan of a join plan, and said output of said sort operation being passabel in a second mode to a disk only if said plan has a sort input plan not to an outer plan of a join plan.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
137 words
A relational database system for processing a query statement, said system comprising: means for reading said query statement into said database system; an optimizer, in a relational database manager, for analyzing said query statement; and means for selecting a mode for output of a sort operation of said query statement either directly to a user, or to a disk, said mode selection being responsive to said analyzing of said query statement; said output of said sort operation being selected for passing in a first mode directly to a user of said relational database system without writing to a disk if said query statement is a GROUP BY statement, and said output of said sort operation being selected for passing in a second mode to a disk only if said query statement is not a GROUP BY statement.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
137 words
A relational database system for processing a query statement, said system comprising: means for reading said query statement into said database system; an optimizer, in a relational database manager, for analyzing said query statement; and means for selecting a mode for output of a sort operation of said query statement either directly to a user, or to a disk, said mode selection being responsive to said analyzing of said query statement; said output of said sort operation being selected for passing in a first mode directly to a user of said relational database system without writing to a disk if said query statement is a GROUP BY statement, and said output of said sort operation being selected for passing in a second mode to a disk only if said query statement is not a GROUP BY statement.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
157 words
A relational database system for processing a query statement, said system comprising: means for reading said query statement into said database system; an optimizer, in a relational database manager, for analyzing said query statement; and means for selecting a mode for output of a sort operation of said query statement either directly to a user, or to a disk, said mode selection being responsive to said analyzing of said query statement; said output of said sort operation being selected for passing in a first mode directly to a user without writing to a disk if said relational database manager is performing an outer pass operation of a MERGE JOIN operation of said query statement, and said output of said sort operation being selected for passing in a second mode to a disk only if said relational database manager is performing an operation other than an outer pass operation of a MERGE JOIN operation of said query statement.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
157 words
A relational database system for processing a query statement, said system comprising: means for reading said query statement into said database system; an optimizer, in a relational database manager, for analyzing said query statement; and means for selecting a mode for output of a sort operation of said query statement either directly to a user, or to a disk, said mode selection being responsive to said analyzing of said query statement; said output of said sort operation being selected for passing in a first mode directly to a user without writing to a disk if said relational database manager is performing an outer pass operation of a MERGE JOIN operation of said query statement, and said output of said sort operation being selected for passing in a second mode to a disk only if said relational database manager is performing an operation other than an outer pass operation of a MERGE JOIN operation of said query statement.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1995-02-17 | 1995-08-19 | 1996-02-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1999-02-17 | 1999-08-19 | 2000-02-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2003-02-17 | 2003-08-19 | 2004-02-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |