US5082757A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Encapsulated toner compositions
Assignee: Xerox Corp
•
Filing: 1990-08-31
•
Granted: 1992-01-21
•
Expires: 2010-08-31
Abstract
Abstract An encapsulated toner composition comprised of a core comprised of a polymer binder, pigment, dye, or mixtures thereof, and a hydroxylated polyurethane microcapsule shell derived from the polycondensation of a polyisocyanate and a water soluble carbohydrate.
Inventors
- 👤 Barkev Keoshkerian
- 👤 Beng S. Ong
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 09:56
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/093; G03G9/09307; G03G9/09314; G03G9/09328; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/29; Y10T428/2982; Y10T428/2989
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 54
Claim 1
Independent Claim
36 words
An encapsulated toner composition comprised of a core comprised of a polymer binder, pigment, dye, or mixtures thereof, and a hydroxylated polyurethane microcapsule shell derived from the polycondensation of a polyisocyanate and a water soluble carbohydrate.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
36 words
An encapsulated toner composition comprised of a core comprised of a polymer binder, pigment, dye, or mixtures thereof, and a hydroxylated polyurethane microcapsule shell derived from the polycondensation of a polyisocyanate and a water soluble carbohydrate.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
22 words
A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the functionality of the carbohydrate is equal to or greater than that of polyisocyanate.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
16 words
A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the carbohydrate is a monosaccharide or a disaccharide.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
41 words
A toner in accordance with claim 3 wherein the monosaccharide or disaccharide is selected from the group consisting of ribose, arabinose, xylose, glucose, gluconolactone, methyl glucopyranoside, mannose, methyl mannopyranoside, galactose, methyl galactopyranoside, sorbose, fructose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose, lactobionic acid and sucrose.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
A toner in accordance with claim 3 wherein glucose is selected as the monosaccharide, and sucrose as the disaccharide.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
15 words
A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the shell is formed by interfacial polymerization.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
64 words
A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polyisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of benzene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, bis(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methane, MODUR CB-60, MONDUR CB-75, MONDUR MR, MONDUR MRS 10, PAPI 27, PAPI 135, Isonate 143L, Isonate 181, Isonate 125M, Isonate 191, Isonate 240, polyether Vibrathanes B-604, B-614, B-635, B-843, polyether isocyanate prepolymers E-21 or E-21A, XP-743, and XP-744.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
18 words
A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polyisocyanate is toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, or Isonate 143L.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
23 words
A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core resin binder is an acrylate polymer, a methacrylate polymer, or a styrene polymer.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
16 words
A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core resin binder is a poly(lauryl methacrylate).
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
21 words
A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core resin binder is comprised of a copolymer derivative of lauryl methacrylate.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
28 words
A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core resin binder is selected from the group consisting of acrylate copolymers, methacrylate copolymers, styrene and alkyl styrene copolymers.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
102 words
A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core resin binder is derived from polymerization of addition monomers selected preferably from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, pentyl acrylate, pentyl methacrylate, hexyl acrylate, hexyl methacrylate, heptyl acrylate, heptyl methacrylate, octyl acrylate, octyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, stearyl acrylate, stearyl methacrylate, benzyl acrylate, benzyl methacrylate, ethoxypropyl acrylate, ethoxypropyl methacrylate, methylbutyl acrylate, methylbutyl methacrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, ethylhexyl methacrylate, methoxybutyl acrylate, methoxybutyl methacrylate, cyanobutyl acrylate, cyanobutyl methacrylate, tolyl acrylate, tolyl methacrylate, styrene, and substituted styrenes.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
17 words
A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment is carbon black, magnetite, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
19 words
A toner in accordance with claim 14 wherein the magnetite selected is Mapico Black, NP-608, or surface treated magnetites.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
22 words
A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment is cyan, yellow, magenta, red, green, blue, brown pigments or mixtures thereof.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
92 words
A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment is Heliogen Blue, Pylam Oil Blue, Pylam Oil Yellow, Pigment Blue 1, Pigment Violet 1, Pigment Red, Lemon Chrome Yellow, E.D. Toluidine Red, Bon Red C, NOVAperm Yellow FGL, Hostaperm Pink E, Cinquasia Magenta, Oil Red anthraquinone dye, CI Dispersed Red 15, diazo dye, CI Solvent Red 19, copper tetra-4-(octadecyl sulfonamido) phthalocyanine, X-copper phthalocyanine pigment, CI Pigment Blue, Anthrathrene Blue, diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenzidene acetoacetanilides, CI Solvent Yellow, a nitrophenyl amine sulfonamide, CI Dispersed Yellow 33, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-sulfonanilide phenylazo-4'-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy acetoacetanilide, or Permanent Yellow FGL.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
59 words
A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polymeric shell represents from about 5 percent to about 30 percent by weight of toner, the core binder represents from about 20 percent to about 93 percent by weight of toner, and the pigment, dye or magnetite represents from about 2 percent to about 65 percent by weight of toner.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
10 words
A toner in accordance with claim 1 containing surface additives.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
22 words
A toner in accordance with claim 19 wherein the surface additives are metal salts, metal salts of fatty acids, or colloidal silicas.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
12 words
A toner in accordance with claim 19 wherein zinc stearate is selected.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
25 words
A toner in accordance with claim 19 wherein the surface additives are present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
14 words
A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the toner surface contains conductive components.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
20 words
A toner in accordance with claim 23 wherein the conductive components are comprised of carbon black, graphite, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
47 words
A pressure fixable toner composition comprised of a core comprised of pigment and polymer binder selected from the group consisting of acrylate polymers, methacrylate polymers, and styrene polymers, and which core is encapsulated within a hydroxylated polyurethane shell derived from polycondensation of polyisocyanate and monosaccharide or disaccharide.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
47 words
A pressure fixable toner composition comprised of a core comprised of pigment and polymer binder selected from the group consisting of acrylate polymers, methacrylate polymers, and styrene polymers, and which core is encapsulated within a hydroxylated polyurethane shell derived from polycondensation of polyisocyanate and monosaccharide or disaccharide.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
17 words
A toner in accordance with claim 25 wherein the pigment is carbon black, magnetites, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
22 words
A toner in accordance with claim 25 wherein the pigment is cyan, magenta, yellow, red, blue, green, brown pigments, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
17 words
A toner in accordance with claim 25 wherein the shell is formed by the interfacial polymerization method.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
27 words
A toner in accordance with claim 25 wherein the core binder is formed by free radical polymerization of core monomer or monomers during and/or after shell formation.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
95 words
A toner in accordance with claim 29 wherein the core monomer for the core binder is selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, pentyl acrylate, pentyl methacrylate, hexyl acrylate, hexyl methacrylate, heptyl acrylate, heptyl methacrylate, octyl acrylate, octyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, stearyl acrylate, stearyl methacrylate, benzyl acrylate, benzyl methacrylate, ethoxypropyl acrylate, ethoxypropyl methacrylate, methylbutyl acrylate, methylbutyl methacrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, ethylhexyl methacrylate, methoxybutyl acrylate, methoxybutyl methacrylate, cyanobutyl acrylate, cyanobutyl methacrylate, tolyl acrylate, and tolyl methacrylate.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
79 words
A toner in accordance with claim 25 wherein the monosaccharide or disaccharide is selected from the group consisting of ribose, arabinose, xylose, glucose, gluconolactone, methyl glucopyranoside, mannose, methyl mannopyranoside, galactose, methyl galactopyranoside, sorbose, fructose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose, lactobionic acid and sucrose; and the polyisocyante is selected from the group consisting of benzene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, bis(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methane, PAPI 27, PAPI 135, PAPI 94, PAPI 901, Isonate 143L, Isonate 181, Isonate 125M, Isonate 191, and Isonate 240.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
10 words
A toner in accordance with claim 25 containing surface additives.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
22 words
A toner in accordance with claim 32 wherein the surface additives are metal salts, metal salts of fatty acids, or colloidal silicas.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
12 words
A toner in accordance with claim 33 wherein zinc stearate is selected.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
25 words
A toner in accordance with claim 32 wherein the surface additives are present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
14 words
A toner in accordance with claim 25 wherein the toner surface contains conductive components.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
20 words
A toner in accordance with claim 36 wherein the conductive components are comprised of carbon black, graphite, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method of imaging which comprises forming by ion deposition on an electroreceptor a latent image, subsequently developing this image with the toner composition of claim 1, and thereafter transferring and fixing the image to a suitable substrate.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method of imaging which comprises forming by ion deposition on an electroreceptor a latent image, subsequently developing this image with the toner composition of claim 25, and thereafter simultaneously transferring and fixing the image to a suitable substrate.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 38 wherein there results images with excellent image fixing characteristics.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 39 wherein there results images with excellent image fixing characteristics.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 38 wherein fixing is accomplished at pressures of from about 500 psi to about 6,000 psi.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 39 wherein fixing is accomplished at pressures of from about 500 psi to about 6,000 psi.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
23 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 25 wherein the toner's volume resistivity is from about 10 3 to about 10 8 ohm-cm.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
21 words
A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the carbohydrate is comprised of the derivatives of a monosaccharide or a disaccharide.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
32 words
An encapsulated toner composition comprised of a core comprised of a polymer binder, colorant, and a hydroxylated polyurethane microcapsule shell derived from the polycondensation of a polyisocyanate and a water soluble carbohydrate.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
32 words
An encapsulated toner composition comprised of a core comprised of a polymer binder, colorant, and a hydroxylated polyurethane microcapsule shell derived from the polycondensation of a polyisocyanate and a water soluble carbohydrate.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
27 words
A toner in accordance with claim 46 wherein the polyisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of benzene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, and bis(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methane.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
16 words
A toner in accordance with claim 46 wherein the carbohydrate is a monosaccharide or a disaccharide.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
41 words
A toner in accordance with claim 48 wherein the monosaccharide or disaccharide is selected from the group consisting of ribose, arabinose, xylose, glucose, gluconolactone, methyl glucopyranoside, mannose, methyl mannopyranoside, galactose, methyl galactopyranoside, sorbose, fructose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose, lactobionic acid and sucrose.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
14 words
A toner in accordance with claim 46 wherein the toner surface contains conductive components.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
20 words
A toner in accordance with claim 50 wherein the conductive components are comprised of carbon black, graphite, or mixtures thereof.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1995-01-20 | 1995-07-22 | 1996-01-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1999-01-20 | 1999-07-22 | 2000-01-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2003-01-20 | 2003-07-22 | 2004-01-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |