US5072384A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method and system for automated computerized analysis of sizes of hearts and lungs in digital chest radiographs
Assignee: Arch Development Corp
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Filing: 1988-11-23
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Granted: 1991-12-10
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Expires: 2008-11-23
Abstract
Abstract An automated method and system to determine a number of parameters related to the size and shape of the heart as well as parameters related to the lungs from data derived from digital chest radiographs. A cardiac rectangle enclosing the heart and portions of the surrounding lung tissue is determined, and within the cardiac rectangle, horizontal and vertical profiles, and the first derivatives thereof, are determined. Based on these derivatives, cardiac boundary points on the left and right sides of the cardiac contour are determined, as well as diaphragm edge points. A predetermined model function is then fitted to selected of the determined cardiac boundary points to determine the cardiac contour. Tests are performed to determine whether or not the heart has an abnormal size or is a "tall" heart, and if so, corrective measures are taken. In a preferred embodiment, a shift-variant cosine function is used as a model function fitted to the selected cardiac boundary points. In an alternative embodiment, the model function is equivalent to the partial summation of a Fourier series. In an alternative embodiment for determining cardiac boundaries, an analysis is made of edge gradients obtained in two orthogonal directions in plural narrow band regions of the data from the digital chest radiograph.
Inventors
- 👤 Kunio Doi
- 👤 Nobuyuki Nakamori
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 02:03
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06T; G06T7/00; G06T7/60; G06T7/66; G06T7/10; G06T7/12; G06T2207/00; G06T2207/10; G06T2207/10116; G06T2207/20; G06T2207/20048; G06T2207/20056; G06T2207/30; G06T2207/30004; G06T2207/30048; G06T2207/30061
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 60
Claim 1
Independent Claim
72 words
A method for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: detecting plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; fitting a predetermined model function to the detected cardiac boundary points to derive a completed cardiac contour based on the fitted model function; using a shift-variant sinusoidal function as said predetermined model function; and producing a representation of the completed cardiac contour.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
72 words
A method for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: detecting plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; fitting a predetermined model function to the detected cardiac boundary points to derive a completed cardiac contour based on the fitted model function; using a shift-variant sinusoidal function as said predetermined model function; and producing a representation of the completed cardiac contour.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
115 words
The method according to claim 1, comprising: selecting said shift-variant sinusoidal function f 1 (θ) defined by the following relationship f.sub.1 (θ)=r.sub.o +r.sub.1 cos {2(θ-φ)-αg(θ-φ)}, where r o and r 1 are coefficients corresponding to the mean radial distance from center and the maximum variation from the mean radial distance, respectively, when the cardiac contour is expressed in a polar coordinate system and θ is the angle represented in said polar coordinate system, and α and φ are computed coefficients, wherein coefficients r 0 , r 1 , φ and α are determined by means of a least squares method, and where g(θ) is a phase term which is a predetermined function of angle θ.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method according to claim 2, comprising: selecting the phase term g(θ) from the following group consisting of: g.sub.1 (θ)=cos θ, g.sub.2 (θ)=sin (θ), g.sub.3 (θ)=1-|θ|/π, g.sub.4 (θ)=|θ|/π, g.sub.5 (θ)=1-(θ/π).sup.2, and g.sub.6 (θ)=(θ/π).sup.2.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
58 words
The method according to claim 1, wherein said step of detecting plural right and left cardiac boundary points comprises: obtaining edge gradients (G hx , G hy ) in two orthogonal directions from pixel values located in plural narrow horizontal bands of pixels in said chest radiograph; and selecting cardiac boundary points based on the obtained edge gradients.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
160 words
The method according to claim 4, wherein said step of selecting cardiac boundary points comprises: determining a cardiac midline (MDL) dividing the cardiac region of the chest radiograph into right and left portions; determining an overall edge gradient G h and an edge gradient orientation angle θ h based on the obtained edge gradients (G hx , G hy ), where ##EQU3## for at least selected portions of each narrow horizontal band of pixels; selecting as possible cardiac boundary points on opposite sides of the cardiac midline MDL the point in each narrow horizontal band of pixels at which G h is a maximum; selecting as a lowest cardiac boundary point from the possible cardiac boundary points selected in the preceding step that point of the possible cardiac boundary points which exhibits a minimum peak in orientation angle θ h ; and rejecting as not being cardiac boundary points those possible cardiac boundary points extending below said minimum boundary point.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
58 words
The method according to claim 5, comprising: detecting diaphragm edge points, including the steps of, obtaining edge gradients (G vx , G vy ) in two orthogonal directions from pixel values located in plural narrow vertical bands of pixels in said chest radiograph, and selecting diaphragm edge points based on the edge gradients obtained in the preceding step.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
88 words
The method according to claim 6, wherein said step of selecting diaphragm edge points comprises: determining an overall edge gradient (G v ) based on the edge gradients (G vx , G vy ), where ##EQU4## for at least selected portions of each narrow vertical band of pixels; selecting as a prospective diaphragm edge point in each narrow vertical band of pixels that point at which G v is maximum; and connecting said prospective diaphragm edge points with a third order polynomial curve which defines a diaphragm edge.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
130 words
The method according to claim 7, comprising: selecting plural of those possible cardiac boundary points, which are adjacent said diaphragm edge points as cardiac boundary points; fitting said selected cardiac boundary points to a predetermined model function in the form of a circle using a least squares method to derive a first circle fitted to said selected boundary points; selecting second and third circles concentric with said first circle and respectively having diameters larger and smaller by a predetermined amount than the diameter of said first circle; detecting which of the possible cardiac boundary points are located in a region between said second and third circles; and selecting those possible cardiac boundary points detected as being located in the region between said second and third circles as cardiac boundary points.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
73 words
The method according to claim 8, comprising: measuring the size of the cardiac contour fitted to said cardiac boundary points; and determining if the size measured in the preceding step is greater than a predetermined value, and if so, reducing by a predetermined correction factor the vertical distance from the centroid of the area bounded by the cardiac contour of at least part of that portion of the cardiac contour beneath the centroid.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
113 words
The method according to claim 9, comprising: predicting by linear extrapolation from the two highest boundary points on a selected side of the cardiac contour where a next predicted cardiac boundary point would be; determining whether the first rejected possible cardiac boundary point outside said second circle and adjacent the selected side of the cardiac contour is within a predetermined distance of said next predicted cardiac boundary point, and if so, redefining said first rejected possible cardiac boundary point as a cardiac boundary point; and repeating said step of fitting said model function so that said model function is fitted to said detected cardiac boundary points including the previously first rejected boundary point.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
113 words
The method according to claim 8, comprising: predicting by linear extrapolation from the two highest boundary points on a selected side of the cardiac contour where a next predicted cardiac boundary point would be; determining whether the first rejected possible cardiac boundary point outside said second circle and adjacent the selected side of the cardiac contour is within a predetermined distance of said next predicted cardiac boundary point, and if so, redefining said first rejected possible cardiac boundary point as a cardiac boundary point; and repeating said step of fitting said model function so that said model function is fitted to said detected cardiac boundary points including the previously first rejected boundary point.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
115 words
The method according to claim 11, comprising: selecting said shift-variant sinusoidal function f 1 (θ) defining by the following relationship f.sub.1 (θ)=r.sub.0 +r.sub.1 cos {2(θ-φ)-αg(θ-α)}, where r o and r 1 are coefficients corresponding to the mean radial distance from center and the maximum variation from the mean radial distance, respectively, when the cardiac contour is expressed in a polar coordinate system and θ is the angle represented in said polar coordinate system, and α and φ are computed coefficients, wherein coefficients r 0 , r 1 , φ and α are determined by means of a least squares method, and where g(θ) is a phase term which is a predetermined function of angle θ.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method according to claim 1, further comprising: displaying the completed cardiac contour superimposed on a chest image derived from the chest radiograph.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
63 words
The method according to claim 13, further comprising: deriving at least one predetermined cardiac dimensional parameter from the completed cardiac contour; deriving at least one predetermined thoracic dimensional parameter related to a dimension of the lungs from the chest radiograph; and determining a ratio of the at least one predetermined cardiac dimensional parameter relative to the at least one predetermined thoracic dimensional parameter.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
50 words
The method according to claim 14, comprising: displaying at least one of said at least one predetermined cardiac dimensional parameter, said at least one predetermined thoracic dimensional parameter, and said ratio of said at least one predetermined cardiac dimensional parameter relative to said at least one predetermined thoracic dimensional parameter.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
63 words
The method according to claim 1, further comprising: deriving at least one predetermined cardiac dimensional parameter from the completed cardiac contour; deriving at least one predetermined thoracic dimensional parameter related to a dimension of the lungs from the chest radiograph; and determining a ratio of the at least one predetermined cardiac dimensional parameter relative to the at least one predetermined thoracic dimensional parameter.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
89 words
A method for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: detecting plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; fitting a predetermined model function to the detected cardiac boundary points to derive a completed cardiac contour based on the fitted model function; using as said model function a function expressed by the summation of a limited number of trigonometrical functions equivalent to a partial summation of a Fourier series; and producing a representation of the completed cardiac contour.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
89 words
A method for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: detecting plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; fitting a predetermined model function to the detected cardiac boundary points to derive a completed cardiac contour based on the fitted model function; using as said model function a function expressed by the summation of a limited number of trigonometrical functions equivalent to a partial summation of a Fourier series; and producing a representation of the completed cardiac contour.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
65 words
The method according to claim 17, comprising: selecting as said model function a function f 2 (θ) given by, f 2 (θ)=r 0 +r 2 cos 2(θ-φ 2 )+r 3 cos 3(θ-φ 3 ), where r o , r 2 , r 3 , φ 2 and φ 3 are constants determined by fitting the cardiac boundary points by means of the least squares method.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
243 words
A method for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: detecting plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; fitting a predetermined model function to the detected cardiac boundary points to derive a completed cardiac contour based on the fitted model function; and producing a representation of the completed cardiac contour; wherein said step of detecting plural right and left cardiac boundary points comprises: determining in said chest radiograph a cardiac rectangle including data from the heart, lungs and diaphragm edges; selecting plural horizontal profiles of the data in said cardiac rectangle, determining the first derivative of selected portions of each horizontal profile, detecting a maximum value of the first derivative in those selected portions of each horizontal profile, and determining the location of each first derivative maximum value to be a possible cardiac boundary point; selecting plural vertical profiles of the data in said cardiac rectangle, determining the first derivative of selected portions of each vertical profile, detecting a maximum value of the first derivative in those selected portions of each vertical profile, and determining the location of each first derivative maximum value obtained from the selected portions of the vertical profiles as diaphragm edge points; and determining whether any of said possible cardiac boundary points overlap said diaphragm points, and if so, rejecting those possible cardiac boundary points which overlap said diaphragm edge points as not being cardiac boundary points.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
243 words
A method for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: detecting plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; fitting a predetermined model function to the detected cardiac boundary points to derive a completed cardiac contour based on the fitted model function; and producing a representation of the completed cardiac contour; wherein said step of detecting plural right and left cardiac boundary points comprises: determining in said chest radiograph a cardiac rectangle including data from the heart, lungs and diaphragm edges; selecting plural horizontal profiles of the data in said cardiac rectangle, determining the first derivative of selected portions of each horizontal profile, detecting a maximum value of the first derivative in those selected portions of each horizontal profile, and determining the location of each first derivative maximum value to be a possible cardiac boundary point; selecting plural vertical profiles of the data in said cardiac rectangle, determining the first derivative of selected portions of each vertical profile, detecting a maximum value of the first derivative in those selected portions of each vertical profile, and determining the location of each first derivative maximum value obtained from the selected portions of the vertical profiles as diaphragm edge points; and determining whether any of said possible cardiac boundary points overlap said diaphragm points, and if so, rejecting those possible cardiac boundary points which overlap said diaphragm edge points as not being cardiac boundary points.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
141 words
The method according to claim 19, comprising: selecting plural of those possible cardiac boundary points, which are not overlapped by said diaphragm edge points and which are adjacent said diaphragm edge points, as cardiac boundary points; fitting said selected cardiac boundary points to a predetermined model function in the form of a circle using a least squares method to derive a first circle fitted to said selected boundary points; selecting second third circles concentric with said first circle and respectively having diameters larger and smaller by a predetermined amount than the diameter of said first circle; detecting which of the non-overlapped possible cardiac boundary points are located in a region between said second and third circles; and selecting those non-overlapped possible cardiac boundary points detected as being located in the region between said second and third circles as cardiac boundary points.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
73 words
The method according to claim 20, comprising: measuring the size of the cardiac contour fitted to said cardiac boundary points; and determining if the size measured in the preceding step is greater than a predetermined value, and if so, reducing by a predetermined correction factor the vertical distance from the centroid of the area bounded by the cardiac contour of at least part of that portion of the cardiac contour beneath the centroid.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
113 words
The method according to claim 21, comprising: predicting by linear extrapolation from the two highest boundary points on a selected side of the cardiac contour where a next predicted cardiac boundary point would be; determining whether the first rejected possible cardiac boundary point outside said second circle and adjacent the selected side of the cardiac contour is within a predetermined distance of said next predicted cardiac boundary point, and if so, redefining said first rejected possible cardiac boundary point as a cardiac boundary point; and repeating said step of fitting said model function so that said model function is fitted to said detected cardiac boundary points including the previously first rejected boundary point.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method according to claim 22, comprising: using a shift-variant sinusoidal function as said predetermined model function.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
115 words
The method according to claim 23, comprising: selecting said shift-variant sinusoidal function f 1 (θ) defined by the following relationship f.sub.1 (θ)-r.sub.0 +r.sub.1 cos {2(θ-φ)-αg(θ-φ)}, where r o and r 1 are coefficients corresponding to the mean radial distance from center and the maximum variation from the mean radial distance, respectively, when the cardiac contour is expressed in a polar coordinate system and θ is the angle represented in said polar coordinate system, and α and φ are computed coefficients, wherein coefficients r 0 , r 1 , φ and α are determined by means of a least squares method, and where g(θ) is a phase term which is a predetermined function of angle θ.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
113 words
The method according to claim 20, comprising: predicting by linear extrapolation from the two highest boundary points on a selected side of the cardiac contour where a next predicted cardiac boundary point would be; determining whether the first rejected possible cardiac boundary point outside said second circle and adjacent the selected side of the cardiac contour is within a predetermined distance of said next predicted cardiac boundary point, and if so, redefining said first rejected possible cardiac boundary point as a cardiac boundary point; and repeating said step of fitting said model function so that said model function is fitted to said detected cardiac boundary points including the previously first rejected boundary point.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
98 words
A system for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: means for producing digital data corresponding to the chest radiograph; means for processing the digital data to detect plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; means for fitting a predetermined model function to the detected cardiac boundary points to derive a completed cardiac contour based on the fitted model function; and means for producing a representation of the completed cardiac contour; wherein said fitting means fits a shift-variant sinusoidal function to the detected cardiac boundary points.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
98 words
A system for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: means for producing digital data corresponding to the chest radiograph; means for processing the digital data to detect plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; means for fitting a predetermined model function to the detected cardiac boundary points to derive a completed cardiac contour based on the fitted model function; and means for producing a representation of the completed cardiac contour; wherein said fitting means fits a shift-variant sinusoidal function to the detected cardiac boundary points.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
116 words
The system according to claim 26, wherein said shift-variant sinusoidal function f 1 (θ) is defined by the following relationship f.sub.1 (θ)=r.sub.0 +r.sub.1 cos {2(θ-φ)-αg(θ-φ)}, where r o and r 1 are coefficients corresponding to the mean radial distance from center and the maximum variation from the mean radial distance, respectively, when the cardiac contour is expressed in a polar coordinate system and a θ is the angle represented in said polar coordinate system, and α and φ are computed coefficients, wherein coefficients r 0 , r 1 , φ and α are determined by means of a least squares method, and where g(θ) is a phase term which is a predetermined function of angle θ.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
39 words
The system according to claim 27, wherein: the phase term g(θ) of said shift-variant sinusoidal function is selected from the following group consisting of: g.sub.1 (θ)=cos θ, g.sub.2 (θ)=sin (θ), g.sub.3 (θ)=1-|θ|/π, g.sub.4 (θ)=|θ|/π, g.sub.5 (θ)=1-(θ/π).sup.2, and g.sub.6 (θ)=(θ/π).sup.2.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
62 words
The system according to claim 26, wherein said step of detecting plural right and left cardiac boundary points comprises: means for obtaining edge gradients (G hx , G hy ) in two orthogonal directions from pixel values located in plural narrow horizontal bands of pixels in said chest radiograph; and means for selecting cardiac boundary points based on the obtained edge gradients.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
165 words
The system according to claim 29, wherein said means for selecting cardiac boundary points comprises: means for determining a cardiac midline (MDL) dividing the cardiac region of the chest radiograph into right and left portions; means for determining an overall edge gradient G h and an edge gradient orientation angle θ h based on the obtained edge gradients (G hx , G hy ), where ##EQU5## for at least selected portions of each narrow horizontal band of pixels; means for selecting as possible cardiac boundary points on opposite sides of the cardiac midline MDL the point in each narrow horizontal band of pixels at which G h is a maximum; means for selecting as a lowest cardiac boundary point from the possible cardiac boundary points that point of the possible cardiac boundary points which exhibits a minimum peak in orientation angle θ h ; and means for rejecting as not being cardiac boundary points those possible cardiac boundary points located below said lowest boundary point.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
61 words
The system according to claim 30, comprising: means for detecting diaphragm edge points, including; means for obtaining edge gradients (G vx , G vy ) in two orthogonal directions from pixel values located in plural narrow vertical bands of pixels in said chest radiograph; and means for selecting diaphragm edge points based on the edge gradients obtained in the preceding step.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
94 words
The system according to claim 31, wherein said means for selecting diaphragm edge points comprises: means for determining an overall edge gradient (G v ) based on the edge gradients (G vx , G vy ), where ##EQU6## for at least selected portions of each narrow vertical band of pixels; means for selecting as a prospective diaphragm edge point in each narrow vertical band of pixels that point at which G v is maximum; and means for connecting said prospective diaphragm edge points with a third order polynomial curve which defines a diaphragm edge.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
140 words
The system according to claim 32, comprising: means for selecting plural of those possible cardiac boundary points, which are adjacent said diaphragm edge points as cardiac boundary points; means for fitting said selected cardiac boundary points to a predetermined model function in the form of a circle using a least squares method to derive a first circle fitted to said selected boundary points; means for selecting second and third circles concentric with said first circle and respectively having diameters larger and smaller by a predetermined amount than the diameter of said first circle; means for detecting which of the possible cardiac boundary points are located in a region between said second and third circles; and means for selecting those possible cardiac boundary points detected as being located in the region between said second and third circles as cardiac boundary points.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
77 words
The system according to claim 33, comprising: means for measuring the size of the cardiac contour fitted to said cardiac boundary points; and means for determining if the size measured in the preceding step is greater than a predetermined value, and if so, reducing by a predetermined correction factor the vertical distance from the centroid of the area bounded by the cardiac contour of at least part of that portion of the cardiac contour beneath the centroid.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
117 words
The system according to claim 34, comprising: means for predicting by linear extrapolation from the two highest boundary points on a selected side of the cardiac contour where a next predicted cardiac boundary point would be; means for determining whether the first rejected possible cardiac boundary point outside said second circle and adjacent the selected side of the cardiac contour is within a predetermined distance of said next predicted cardiac boundary point, and if so, redefining said first rejected possible cardiac boundary point as a cardiac boundary point; and means for repeating fitting of said model function so that said model function is fitted to said detected cardiac boundary points including the previously first rejected boundary point.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
117 words
The system according to claim 33, comprising: means for predicting by linear extrapolation from the two highest boundary points on a selected side of the cardiac contour where a next predicted cardiac boundary point would be; means for determining whether the first rejected possible cardiac boundary point outside said second circle and adjacent the selected side of the cardiac contour is within a predetermined distance of said next predicted cardiac boundary point, and if so, redefining said first rejected possible cardiac boundary point as a cardiac boundary point; and means for repeating fitting of said model function so that said model function is fitted to said detected cardiac boundary points including the previously first rejected boundary point.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
25 words
The system according to claim 26, further comprising: means for displaying the completed cardiac contour superimposed on a chest image derived from the chest radiograph.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
69 words
The system according to claim 37, further comprising: means for deriving at least one predetermined cardiac dimensional parameter from the completed cardiac contour; means for deriving at least one predetermined thoracic dimensional parameter related to a dimension of the lungs from the chest radiograph; and means for determining a ratio of the at least one predetermined cardiac dimensional parameter relative to the at least one predetermined thoracic dimensional parameter.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
52 words
The system according to claim 38, comprising: means for displaying at least one of said at least one predetermined cardiac dimensional parameter, said at least one predetermined thoracic dimensional parameter, and said ratio of said at least one predetermined cardiac dimensional parameter relative to said at least one predetermined thoracic dimensional parameter.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
69 words
The system according to claim 26, further comprising: means for deriving at least one predetermined cardiac dimensional parameter from the completed cardiac contour; means for deriving at least one predetermined thoracic dimensional parameter related to a dimension of the lungs from the digital data; and means for determining a ratio of the at least one predetermined cardiac dimensional parameter relative to the at least one predetermined thoracic dimensional parameter.
Claim 45
Independent Claim
116 words
A system for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: means for producing digital data corresponding to the chest radiograph; means for processing the digital data to detect plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; means for fitting a predetermined model function to the detected cardiac boundary points to derive a completed cardiac contour based on the fitted model function; and means for producing a representation of the completed cardiac contour; wherein said fitting means fits a function expressed by the summation of a limited number of trigonometrical functions equivalent to a partial summation of a Fourier series to said detected cardiac boundary points.
Claim 46
Independent Claim
116 words
A system for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: means for producing digital data corresponding to the chest radiograph; means for processing the digital data to detect plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; means for fitting a predetermined model function to the detected cardiac boundary points to derive a completed cardiac contour based on the fitted model function; and means for producing a representation of the completed cardiac contour; wherein said fitting means fits a function expressed by the summation of a limited number of trigonometrical functions equivalent to a partial summation of a Fourier series to said detected cardiac boundary points.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
64 words
The system according to claim 41, wherein said model function is a function f 2 (θ) given by, f 2 (θ)=r 0 +r 2 cos 2(θ-φ 2 )+r 3 cos 3(θ-φ 3 ), where r o , r 2 , r 3 , φ 2 and φ 3 are constants determined by fitting the cardiac boundary points by means of the least squares method.
Claim 48
Independent Claim
273 words
A system for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: means for producing digital data corresponding to the chest radiograph; means for processing the digital data to detect plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; and means for fitting a predetermined model function to the detected cardiac boundary points to derive a completed cardiac contour based on the fitted model function; and means for producing a representation of the completed cardiac contour; wherein said means for detecting plural right and left cardiac boundary points comprises: means for determining from said digital data a cardiac rectangle including data from the heart, lungs and diaphragm edges; means for selecting plural horizontal profiles of the data in said cardiac rectangle, determining the first derivative of selected portions of each horizontal profile, detecting a maximum value of the first derivative in those selected portions of each horizontal profile, and determining the location of each first derivative maximum value to be a possible cardiac boundary point; means for selecting plural vertical profiles of the data in said cardiac rectangle, determining the first derivative of selected portions of each vertical profile, detecting a maximum value of the first derivative in those selected portions of each vertical profile, and determining the location of each first derivative maximum value obtained from the selected portions of the vertical profiles as diaphragm edge points; and means for determining whether any of said possible cardiac boundary points overlap said diaphragm points, and if so, rejecting those possible cardiac boundary points which overlap said diaphragm edge points as not being cardiac boundary points.
Claim 49
Independent Claim
273 words
A system for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: means for producing digital data corresponding to the chest radiograph; means for processing the digital data to detect plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; and means for fitting a predetermined model function to the detected cardiac boundary points to derive a completed cardiac contour based on the fitted model function; and means for producing a representation of the completed cardiac contour; wherein said means for detecting plural right and left cardiac boundary points comprises: means for determining from said digital data a cardiac rectangle including data from the heart, lungs and diaphragm edges; means for selecting plural horizontal profiles of the data in said cardiac rectangle, determining the first derivative of selected portions of each horizontal profile, detecting a maximum value of the first derivative in those selected portions of each horizontal profile, and determining the location of each first derivative maximum value to be a possible cardiac boundary point; means for selecting plural vertical profiles of the data in said cardiac rectangle, determining the first derivative of selected portions of each vertical profile, detecting a maximum value of the first derivative in those selected portions of each vertical profile, and determining the location of each first derivative maximum value obtained from the selected portions of the vertical profiles as diaphragm edge points; and means for determining whether any of said possible cardiac boundary points overlap said diaphragm points, and if so, rejecting those possible cardiac boundary points which overlap said diaphragm edge points as not being cardiac boundary points.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
152 words
The system according to claim 43, comprising: means for selecting plural of those possible cardiac boundary points, which are not overlapped by said diaphragm edge points and which are adjacent said diaphragm edge points, as cardiac boundary points; means for fitting said selected cardiac boundary points to a predetermined model function in the form of a circle using a least squares method to derive a first circle fitted to said selected boundary points; means for selecting second and third circles concentric with said first circle and respectively having diameters larger and smaller by a predetermined amount than the diameter of said first circle; means for detecting which of the non-overlapped possible cardiac boundary points are located in a region between said second and third circles; and means for selecting those non-overlapped possible cardiac boundary points detected as being located in the region between said second and third circles as cardiac boundary points.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
74 words
The system according to claim 44, comprising: means for measuring the size of the cardiac contour fitted to said cardiac boundary points; and means for determining if the measured cardiac size is greater than a predetermined value, and if so, reducing by a predetermined correction factor the vertical distance from the centroid of the area bounded by the cardiac contour of at least part of that portion of the cardiac contour beneath the centroid.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
117 words
The system according to claim 45, comprising: means for predicting by linear extrapolation from the two highest boundary points on a selected side of the cardiac contour where a next predicted cardiac boundary point would be; means for determining whether the first rejected possible cardiac boundary point outside said second circle and adjacent the selected side of the cardiac contour is within a predetermined distance of said next predicted cardiac boundary point, and if so, redefining said first rejected possible cardiac boundary point as a cardiac boundary point; and means for repeating fitting of said model function so that said model function is fitted to said detected cardiac boundary points including the previously first rejected boundary point.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
18 words
The system according to claim 46, wherein a shift-variant sinusoidal function is used as said predetermined model function.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
118 words
The system according to claim 44, comprising: means for predicting by linear extrapolation from the two highest boundary points on a selected side of the cardiac contour where a next predicted cardiac boundary point would be; means for determining whether the first rejected possible cardiac boundary point outside said second circle and adjacent the selected side of the cardiac contour is within a predetermined distance of said next predicted cardiac boundary point, and if so, redefining said first rejected possible cardiac boundary point as a cardiac boundary point; and means for repeating said fitting of said model function so that said model function is fitted to said detected cardiac boundary points including the previously first rejected boundary point.
Claim 55
Independent Claim
130 words
A system for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: means for displaying an image derived from the chest radiograph; means for selecting from the displayed image plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; means for fitting a predetermined model function to the selected cardiac boundary points to derive a completed cardiac contour based on the fitted model function; and means for producing a representation of the complete cardiac contour; wherein said fitting means fits to the detected cardiac boundary points a predetermined model function selected from the group consisting of a shift-variant sinusoidal function and a function expressed by a summation of a limited number of trigonometrical functions equivalent to a partial summation of a Fourier series.
Claim 56
Independent Claim
130 words
A system for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: means for displaying an image derived from the chest radiograph; means for selecting from the displayed image plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; means for fitting a predetermined model function to the selected cardiac boundary points to derive a completed cardiac contour based on the fitted model function; and means for producing a representation of the complete cardiac contour; wherein said fitting means fits to the detected cardiac boundary points a predetermined model function selected from the group consisting of a shift-variant sinusoidal function and a function expressed by a summation of a limited number of trigonometrical functions equivalent to a partial summation of a Fourier series.
Claim 57
Independent Claim
136 words
A method for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: defining in said radiograph a polar coordinate system having an origin at a predetermined point in said radiograph; detecting in said radiograph polar coordinate system polar coordinates of plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; fitting a predetermined model function to the detected polar coordinates of the plural right and left cardiac boundary points; using as said predetermined model function a function selected from the group consisting of a shift-variant sinusoidal function and a function expressed by a summation of a limited number of trigonometrical functions equivalent to a partial summation of a Fourier series; and producing a representation of the completed cardiac contour based on said model function fitted in said fitting step.
Claim 58
Independent Claim
136 words
A method for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: defining in said radiograph a polar coordinate system having an origin at a predetermined point in said radiograph; detecting in said radiograph polar coordinate system polar coordinates of plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; fitting a predetermined model function to the detected polar coordinates of the plural right and left cardiac boundary points; using as said predetermined model function a function selected from the group consisting of a shift-variant sinusoidal function and a function expressed by a summation of a limited number of trigonometrical functions equivalent to a partial summation of a Fourier series; and producing a representation of the completed cardiac contour based on said model function fitted in said fitting step.
Claim 59
Independent Claim
151 words
A system for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: means for defining in said radiograph a polar coordinate system having an origin at a predetermined point in said radiograph and for detecting in said radiograph polar coordinate system polar coordinates of plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; means for fitting a predetermined model function to the detected polar coordinates of the plural right and left cardiac boundary points; and means for producing a representation of the completed cardiac contour based upon said model function fitted by said fitting means; wherein said fitting means fits to the detected cardiac boundary points a predetermined model function selected from the group consisting of a shift-variant sinusoidal function and a function expressed by a summation of a limited number of trigonometrical functions equivalent to a partial summation of a Fourier series.
Claim 60
Independent Claim
151 words
A system for determining a cardiac contour of a subject from a chest radiograph of the subject, comprising: means for defining in said radiograph a polar coordinate system having an origin at a predetermined point in said radiograph and for detecting in said radiograph polar coordinate system polar coordinates of plural right and left cardiac boundary points in the cardiac contour; means for fitting a predetermined model function to the detected polar coordinates of the plural right and left cardiac boundary points; and means for producing a representation of the completed cardiac contour based upon said model function fitted by said fitting means; wherein said fitting means fits to the detected cardiac boundary points a predetermined model function selected from the group consisting of a shift-variant sinusoidal function and a function expressed by a summation of a limited number of trigonometrical functions equivalent to a partial summation of a Fourier series.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1994-12-09 | 1995-06-10 | 1995-12-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1998-12-09 | 1999-06-10 | 1999-12-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2002-12-09 | 2003-06-10 | 2003-12-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |