US5045368A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Self-dispensing spaced electronic markers
Assignee: 3M Co
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Filing: 1989-11-17
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Granted: 1991-09-03
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Expires: 2009-11-17
Abstract
Abstract A marked conduit allowing electronic location of the conduit after burial, having a plurality of electronic markers spaced thereon at predetermined intervals. The distance between the markers encodes information about the buried conduit. The markers are preferably passive circuits tuned to a specific frequency. The markers may be oriented in a predetermined pattern to encode additional information, and may be attached to the outer or inner surface of the conduit, or imbedded in the wall of the conduit.
Inventors
- 👤 Armond D. Cosman
- 👤 Joe T. Minarovic
- 👤 David C. Worboys
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 04:29
CPC Classifications
F; F16; F16L; F16L1/00; F16L1/024; F16L1/06; F16L1/11; G; G01; G01V; G01V15/00; G02; G02B; G02B6/00; G02B6/46; G02B6/56; G02B6/562; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/13
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
77 words
An article for supplying an underground utility which may be electronically detected from above ground, comprising: a plurality of passive electronic markers, each having a coil of wire connected in parallel with a capacitor, forming a resonant circuit; and a hollow conduit member having a wall, an outer surface, and an inner surface, said markers being attached to said conduit member at predetermined intervals, said predetermined intervals forming a pattern which encodes information about the underground utility.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
77 words
An article for supplying an underground utility which may be electronically detected from above ground, comprising: a plurality of passive electronic markers, each having a coil of wire connected in parallel with a capacitor, forming a resonant circuit; and a hollow conduit member having a wall, an outer surface, and an inner surface, said markers being attached to said conduit member at predetermined intervals, said predetermined intervals forming a pattern which encodes information about the underground utility.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
19 words
The article of claim 1 wherein said electronic markers are attached to said outer surface of said conduit member.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
The article of claim 1 wherein said electronic markers are attached to said inner surface of said conduit member.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
18 words
The article of claim 1 wherein said electronic markers are imbedded in said wall of said conduit member.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
The article of claim 1 wherein said markers have longitudinal axes, said axes being oriented in a predetermined pattern.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
56 words
The article of claim 1 wherein said plurality of electronic markers includes a set of first markers having a first resonant frequency, and a set of second markers having a second resonant frequency which is different from said first resonant frequency, said first and second markers being arranged along said conduit member in a predetermined order.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
15 words
The article of claim 1 wherein said conduit member is constructed of a nonmetallic material.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
62 words
An article for supplying natural gas underground, which may be electronically detected from above ground, comprising: a plurality of passive electronic markers; and a tubular pipe formed of polyethylene, having a wall, an outer surface, and an inner surface, said markers being imbedded in said wall at predetermined intervals, said predetermined intervals forming a pattern which encodes information about the underground utility.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
62 words
An article for supplying natural gas underground, which may be electronically detected from above ground, comprising: a plurality of passive electronic markers; and a tubular pipe formed of polyethylene, having a wall, an outer surface, and an inner surface, said markers being imbedded in said wall at predetermined intervals, said predetermined intervals forming a pattern which encodes information about the underground utility.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
18 words
The article of claim 8 wherein said electronic markers are attached to said outer surface of said pipe.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
25 words
The article of claim 9 wherein said passive electronic markers include a coil of wire connected in parallel with a capacitor, forming a resonant circuit.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
19 words
The article of claim 9 wherein said markers have longitudinal axes, said axes being oriented in a predetermined pattern.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
56 words
The article of claim 9 wherein said plurality of passive electronic markers includes a set of first markers having a first resonant frequency, and a set of second markers having a second resonant frequency which is different from said first resonant frequency, said first and second markers being arranged along said pipe in a predetermined order.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
71 words
A method of manufacturing an article for supplying an underground utility, the article being electronically locatable from above ground, comprising the steps of: obtaining a plurality of electronic markers; constructing a hollow conduit, having a wall, an inner surface, and an outer surface; and attaching said electronic markers to said inner surface of said conduit at predetermined intervals, said predetermined intervals forming a pattern which encodes information about the underground utility.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
71 words
A method of manufacturing an article for supplying an underground utility, the article being electronically locatable from above ground, comprising the steps of: obtaining a plurality of electronic markers; constructing a hollow conduit, having a wall, an inner surface, and an outer surface; and attaching said electronic markers to said inner surface of said conduit at predetermined intervals, said predetermined intervals forming a pattern which encodes information about the underground utility.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 13 wherein said electronic markers are attached to said outer surface of said conduit.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 13 wherein said electronic markers have longitudinal axes, said axes being oriented in a predetermined pattern as they are attached to said conduit.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1994-09-02 | 1995-03-04 | 1995-09-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1998-09-02 | 1999-03-04 | 1999-09-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2002-09-02 | 2003-03-04 | 2003-09-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |