Porous silica microspheres having silanol-enriched and silanized surfaces

Claim 1

An apparatus for use in chromatogaphic separation comprising a region through which materials to be separated are passed, said region comprising chromatographic material comprising improved porous silica microspheres having an average diameter of about 0.5 to about 35 μm, substantially all of said microspheres having a diameter ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.5 times said average diameter; said microspheres consisting essentially of a plurality of substantially uniform-size colloidal particles, having a silica surface, arranged in an interconnected three-dimensional lattice; said colloidal particles occupying less than about 50 volume percent of said microspheres with the remaining volume being occupied by interconnected pores having substantially uniform pore size distribution; said microspheres having a total concentration of silanol groups from about 9 to about 16 μmol/m 2 .

Claim 2

An apparatus for use in chromatogaphic separation comprising a region through which materials to be separated are passed, said region comprising chromatographic material comprising improved porous silica microspheres having an average diameter of about 0.5 to about 35 μm, substantially all of said microspheres having a diameter ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.5 times said average diameter; said microspheres consisting essentially of a plurality of substantially uniform-size colloidal particles, having a silica surface, arranged in an interconnected three-dimensional lattice; said colloidal particles occupying less than about 50 volume percent of said microspheres with the remaining volume being occupied by interconnected pores having substantially uniform pore size distribution; said microspheres having a total concentration of silanol groups from about 9 to about 16 μmol/m 2 .

Claim 3

An apparatus for use in chromatographic separation comprising a region through which materials to be separated are passed, said region comprising chromatographic material comprising porous silica microspheres having an average diameter of about 0.5 to about 35 μm, substantially all of said microspheres having a diameter ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.5 times said average diameter; said microspheres consisting essentially of a plurality of substantially uniform-size colloidal particles, having a silica surface, arranged in an interconnected three-dimensional lattice; said colloidal particles occupying less than about 50 volume percent of said microspheres with the remaining volume being occupied by interconnected pores having substantially uniform pore size distribution; said microspheres having a total concentration of silanol groups from about 8 to about 16 μmol/m 2 , wherein the microspheres are prepared according to a process comprising: contacting heat strengthened thermally-dehydroxylated porous silica microspheres having a surface concentration of silanol groups of less than about 5.5 μmol/m 2 with water in the presence of HF or at least one basic activator selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide, and organic amines at a temperature of from about ambient temperature to about 100° C. for sufficient time to generate the desired concentration of silanol groups of from about 8 to about 16 μmol/m 2 .

Claim 4

An apparatus for use in chromatographic separation comprising a region through which materials to be separated are passed, said region comprising chromatographic material comprising porous silica microspheres having an average diameter of about 0.5 to about 35 μm, substantially all of said microspheres having a diameter ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.5 times said average diameter; said microspheres consisting essentially of a plurality of substantially uniform-size colloidal particles, having a silica surface, arranged in an interconnected three-dimensional lattice; said colloidal particles occupying less than about 50 volume percent of said microspheres with the remaining volume being occupied by interconnected pores having substantially uniform pore size distribution; said microspheres having a total concentration of silanol groups from about 8 to about 16 μmol/m 2 , wherein the microspheres are prepared according to a process comprising: contacting heat strengthened thermally-dehydroxylated porous silica microspheres having a surface concentration of silanol groups of less than about 5.5 μmol/m 2 with water in the presence of HF or at least one basic activator selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide, and organic amines at a temperature of from about ambient temperature to about 100° C. for sufficient time to generate the desired concentration of silanol groups of from about 8 to about 16 μmol/m 2 .

Claim 5

An apparatus for use in chromatographic separation comprising a region through which materials to be separated are passed, said region comprising chromatographic material comprising improved porous silica microspheres having an average diameter of about 0.5 to about 35 μm, substantially all of said microspheres having a diameter ranging from about 0.5 to about 0.5 to 1.5 times said average diameter; said microspheres consisting essentially of a plurality of substantially uniform-size colloidal particles, having a silica surface, arranged in an interconnected three-dimensional lattice; said colloidal particles occupying less than about 50 volume percent of said microspheres with the remaining volume being occupied by interconnected pores having a silica surface, arranged in an interconnected three-dimensional lattice; said colloidal particles occupying less than about 50 volume percent of said microspheres with the remaining volume being occupied by interconnected pores having a substantially uniform pore size distribution; said microspheres having a completely silanized surface, wherein the mircospheres are prepared according to a process comprising: (a) contacting heat strengthened thermally-dehydroxylated porous silica microspheres having surface concentration of silanol groups of less than about 5.5 μmol/m 2 with water in the presence of HF or at least one basic activator selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide, and organic amines at a temperature of about ambient temperature to about 100° C. for sufficient time to generate a surface concentration of silanol groups of from about 8 to about 16 μmol/m 2 , and (b) contacting the porous silica microspheres prepared in step (a) with a silanizing agent at a temperature of from about 25° to about 100° C. for sufficient time to generate a completely silanized surface.

Claim 6

An apparatus for use in chromatographic separation comprising a region through which materials to be separated are passed, said region comprising chromatographic material comprising improved porous silica microspheres having an average diameter of about 0.5 to about 35 μm, substantially all of said microspheres having a diameter ranging from about 0.5 to about 0.5 to 1.5 times said average diameter; said microspheres consisting essentially of a plurality of substantially uniform-size colloidal particles, having a silica surface, arranged in an interconnected three-dimensional lattice; said colloidal particles occupying less than about 50 volume percent of said microspheres with the remaining volume being occupied by interconnected pores having a silica surface, arranged in an interconnected three-dimensional lattice; said colloidal particles occupying less than about 50 volume percent of said microspheres with the remaining volume being occupied by interconnected pores having a substantially uniform pore size distribution; said microspheres having a completely silanized surface, wherein the mircospheres are prepared according to a process comprising: (a) contacting heat strengthened thermally-dehydroxylated porous silica microspheres having surface concentration of silanol groups of less than about 5.5 μmol/m 2 with water in the presence of HF or at least one basic activator selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide, and organic amines at a temperature of about ambient temperature to about 100° C. for sufficient time to generate a surface concentration of silanol groups of from about 8 to about 16 μmol/m 2 , and (b) contacting the porous silica microspheres prepared in step (a) with a silanizing agent at a temperature of from about 25° to about 100° C. for sufficient time to generate a completely silanized surface.