US5032042A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method and apparatus for eliminating non-naturally occurring subsurface, liquid toxic contaminants from soil
Assignee: New Jersey Institute of Technology
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Filing: 1990-06-26
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Granted: 1991-07-16
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Expires: 2010-06-26
Abstract
Abstract Apparatus for eliminating non-naturally occurring, subsurface, liquid toxic contaminants from soil, includes a fracturing assembly for pneumatically fracturing the soil, the fracturing assembly including a tubular probe which receives a pressurized gas, the probe including a soil penetrating portion adapted to be inserted in a well in the soil and an above soil portion in fluid communication with the soil penetrating portion, the soil penetrating portion including a tube which receives the pressurized gas, first and second packers connected with the tube for pressing against walls of the well so as to provide a sealed area in the well between the first and second packers, a nozzle position in the sealed area in fluid communication with the tube for supplying the pressurized gas into the soil, the nozzle including at least one orifice therein which fluidly connects the soil with the tubular probe and an adjustment assembly which permits relative movement between the first and second packers in response to soil movement during a soil fracturing operation; and a pressurized gas supply which supplies the pressurized gas to the above soil portion of the tubular probe such that the pressurized gas travels through the at least one orifice into the soil to produce a fractured soil formation; and a transformation assembly which transforms liquid toxic contaminants in the soil into a different state, such as a vapor state or non-toxic state to decontaminant the soil, after creation of the fractured soil formation.
Inventors
- 👤 John R. Schuring
- 👤 Paul C. Chan
- 👤 John W. Liskowitz
- 👤 Panayiotis Papanicolaou
- 👤 Craig T. Bruening
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 16:04
CPC Classifications
B; B09; B09C; B09C1/00; E; E21; E21B; E21B33/00; E21B33/10; E21B33/12; E21B33/124; E21B33/1243; E21B41/00; E21B41/0078; E21B43/00; E21B43/25; E21B43/26; E21B43/2605; E21B43/2607
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 40
Claim 1
Independent Claim
174 words
Apparatus for eliminating non-naturally occurring, subsurface, liquid toxic contaminants from soil, comprising: a) fracturing means for pneumatically fracturing the soil, said fracturing means including: i) tubular probe means for receiving a pressurized gas, said probe means including a soil penetrating portion adapted to be inserted in the soil and an above soil portion in fluid communication with said soil penetrating portion; ii) nozzle means in fluid communication with said soil penetrating portion of said tubular probe means for supplying said pressurized gas from said tubular probe means into the soil, said nozzle means including at least one orifice therein which fluidly connects the soil with said tubular probe means; and iii) pressurized gas supply means for supplying a pressurized gas to said above soil portion of said tubular probe means, wherein the pressurized gas travels through the at least one orifice into the soil to produce a fractured soil formation; and b) means for transforming said liquid toxic contaminants into a different state to decontaminate said soil, after creation of said fractured soil formation.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
174 words
Apparatus for eliminating non-naturally occurring, subsurface, liquid toxic contaminants from soil, comprising: a) fracturing means for pneumatically fracturing the soil, said fracturing means including: i) tubular probe means for receiving a pressurized gas, said probe means including a soil penetrating portion adapted to be inserted in the soil and an above soil portion in fluid communication with said soil penetrating portion; ii) nozzle means in fluid communication with said soil penetrating portion of said tubular probe means for supplying said pressurized gas from said tubular probe means into the soil, said nozzle means including at least one orifice therein which fluidly connects the soil with said tubular probe means; and iii) pressurized gas supply means for supplying a pressurized gas to said above soil portion of said tubular probe means, wherein the pressurized gas travels through the at least one orifice into the soil to produce a fractured soil formation; and b) means for transforming said liquid toxic contaminants into a different state to decontaminate said soil, after creation of said fractured soil formation.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
23 words
Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said means for transforming includes means for vaporizing said liquid toxic contaminants and removing said vaporized contaminants.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
22 words
Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said means for transforming includes microbial means for transforming said liquid toxic contaminants to non-toxic contaminants.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle means is formed as a tapered end of said tubular probe means.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
17 words
Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said nozzle means includes a plurality of orifices arranged circumferentially therearound.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
108 words
A method for eliminating non-naturally occurring, subsurface, liquid toxic contaminants from soil, comprising the steps of: a) pneumatically fracturing the soil, including the steps of: i) inserting a tubular probe partially into the soil such that at least one orifice of a nozzle fluidly connected with said tubular probe is positioned at a predetermined height; and ii) supplying a pressurized gas into said tubular probe such that the pressurized gas travels through the at least one orifice into the soil to produce a fractured soil formation; and b) transforming said liquid toxic contaminants into a different state to decontaminate said soil, after creation of said fractured soil formation.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
108 words
A method for eliminating non-naturally occurring, subsurface, liquid toxic contaminants from soil, comprising the steps of: a) pneumatically fracturing the soil, including the steps of: i) inserting a tubular probe partially into the soil such that at least one orifice of a nozzle fluidly connected with said tubular probe is positioned at a predetermined height; and ii) supplying a pressurized gas into said tubular probe such that the pressurized gas travels through the at least one orifice into the soil to produce a fractured soil formation; and b) transforming said liquid toxic contaminants into a different state to decontaminate said soil, after creation of said fractured soil formation.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method according to claim 6, wherein said step of transforming includes the step of vaporizing said liquid toxic contaminants and removing said vaporized contaminants.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 6, wherein said step of transforming includes the step of transforming said liquid toxic contaminants into non-toxic contaminants.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
220 words
Apparatus for eliminating non-naturally occurring, subsurface, liquid toxic contaminants from soil, comprising: a) fracturing means for pneumatically fracturing the soil, said fracturing means including: i) tubular probe means for receiving a pressurized gas, said probe means including a soil penetrating portion adapted to be inserted in a well in the soil and an above soil portion in fluid communication with said soil penetrating portion, said soil penetrating portion including: A) tube means for receiving the pressurized gas, B) first and second packer means connected with said tube means for pressing against walls of said well so as to provide a sealed area in said well between said first and second packer means, and C) nozzle means positioned in said sealed area in fluid communication with said tube means for supplying said pressurized gas into the soil, said nozzle means including at least one orifice therein which fluidly connects the soil with said tubular probe means; and ii) pressurized gas supply means for supplying the pressurized gas to said above soil portion of said tubular probe means, wherein the pressurized gas travels through the at least one orifice into the soil to produce a fractured soil formation; and b) means for transforming said liquid toxic contaminants into a different state to decontaminate said soil, after creation of said fractured soil formation.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
220 words
Apparatus for eliminating non-naturally occurring, subsurface, liquid toxic contaminants from soil, comprising: a) fracturing means for pneumatically fracturing the soil, said fracturing means including: i) tubular probe means for receiving a pressurized gas, said probe means including a soil penetrating portion adapted to be inserted in a well in the soil and an above soil portion in fluid communication with said soil penetrating portion, said soil penetrating portion including: A) tube means for receiving the pressurized gas, B) first and second packer means connected with said tube means for pressing against walls of said well so as to provide a sealed area in said well between said first and second packer means, and C) nozzle means positioned in said sealed area in fluid communication with said tube means for supplying said pressurized gas into the soil, said nozzle means including at least one orifice therein which fluidly connects the soil with said tubular probe means; and ii) pressurized gas supply means for supplying the pressurized gas to said above soil portion of said tubular probe means, wherein the pressurized gas travels through the at least one orifice into the soil to produce a fractured soil formation; and b) means for transforming said liquid toxic contaminants into a different state to decontaminate said soil, after creation of said fractured soil formation.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
23 words
Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said means for transforming includes means for vaporizing said liquid toxic contaminants and removing said vaporized contaminants.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
22 words
Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said means for transforming includes microbial means for transforming said liquid toxic contaminants to non-toxic contaminants.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
30 words
Apparatus according to claim 9, further including cone means positioned in said nozzle means for directing said pressurized gas through said at least one orifice with substantially no pressure drop.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
17 words
Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said nozzle means includes a plurality of orifices arranged circumferentially therearound.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
14 words
Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein each said orifice includes a substantially oval configuration.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
58 words
Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said pressurized gas supply means includes compressor means for producing said pressurized gas, holding tank means for holding a supply of said pressurized gas and valve means for connecting said holding means with said tubular probe means in order to provide a rush of said pressurized gas to said tubular probe means.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
128 words
A method for eliminating non-naturally occurring, subsurface, liquid toxic contaminants from soil, comprising the steps of: a) pneumatically fracturing the soil, including the steps of: i) inserting a tubular probe partially into a well in the soil such that at least one orifice of a nozzle fluidly connected with said tubular probe is positioned at a predetermined height; ii) providing a sealed area in the well on opposite sides of said at least one orifice; and iii) supplying a pressurized gas into said tubular probe such that the pressurized gas travels through the at least one orifice into the soil to produce a fractured soil formation; and b) transforming said liquid toxic contaminants into a different state to decontaminate said soil, after creation of said fractured soil formation.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
128 words
A method for eliminating non-naturally occurring, subsurface, liquid toxic contaminants from soil, comprising the steps of: a) pneumatically fracturing the soil, including the steps of: i) inserting a tubular probe partially into a well in the soil such that at least one orifice of a nozzle fluidly connected with said tubular probe is positioned at a predetermined height; ii) providing a sealed area in the well on opposite sides of said at least one orifice; and iii) supplying a pressurized gas into said tubular probe such that the pressurized gas travels through the at least one orifice into the soil to produce a fractured soil formation; and b) transforming said liquid toxic contaminants into a different state to decontaminate said soil, after creation of said fractured soil formation.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method according to claim 16, wherein said step of transforming includes the step of vaporizing said liquid toxic contaminants and removing said vaporized contaminants.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 16, wherein said step of transforming includes the step of transforming said liquid toxic contaminants into non-toxic contaminants.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 16, further including the step of directing said pressurized air through said at least one orifice with substantially no pressure drop.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method according to claim 16, wherein said step of supplying pressurized gas includes the step of producing said pressurized gas, storing a large quantity of said produced pressurized gas and valving said large quantity of pressurized gas to said tubular probe at a predetermined time.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
244 words
Apparatus for eliminating non-naturally occurring, subsurface, liquid toxic contaminants from soil, comprising: a) fracturing means for pneumatically fracturing the soil, said fracturing means including: i) tubular probe means for receiving a pressurized gas, said probe means including a soil penetrating portion adapted to be inserted in a well in the soil and an above soil portion in fluid communication with said soil penetrating portion, said soil penetrating portion including: A) tube means for receiving the pressurized gas, B) first and second packer means connected with said tube means for pressing against walls of said well so as to provide a sealed area in said well between said first and second packer means, C) nozzle means positioned in said sealed area in fluid communication with said tube means for supplying said pressurized gas into the soil, said nozzle means including at least one orifice therein which fluidly connects the soil with said tubular probe means, and D) adjustment means for permitting relative movement between said first and second packer means in response to soil movement during a soil fracturing operation; and ii) pressurized gas supply means for supplying the pressurized gas to said above soil portion of said tubular probe means, wherein the pressurized gas travels through the at least one orifice into the soil to produce a fractured soil formation; and b) means for transforming said liquid toxic contaminants into a different state to decontaminate said soil, after creation of said fractured soil formation.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
244 words
Apparatus for eliminating non-naturally occurring, subsurface, liquid toxic contaminants from soil, comprising: a) fracturing means for pneumatically fracturing the soil, said fracturing means including: i) tubular probe means for receiving a pressurized gas, said probe means including a soil penetrating portion adapted to be inserted in a well in the soil and an above soil portion in fluid communication with said soil penetrating portion, said soil penetrating portion including: A) tube means for receiving the pressurized gas, B) first and second packer means connected with said tube means for pressing against walls of said well so as to provide a sealed area in said well between said first and second packer means, C) nozzle means positioned in said sealed area in fluid communication with said tube means for supplying said pressurized gas into the soil, said nozzle means including at least one orifice therein which fluidly connects the soil with said tubular probe means, and D) adjustment means for permitting relative movement between said first and second packer means in response to soil movement during a soil fracturing operation; and ii) pressurized gas supply means for supplying the pressurized gas to said above soil portion of said tubular probe means, wherein the pressurized gas travels through the at least one orifice into the soil to produce a fractured soil formation; and b) means for transforming said liquid toxic contaminants into a different state to decontaminate said soil, after creation of said fractured soil formation.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
23 words
Apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said means for transforming includes means for vaporizing said liquid toxic contaminants and removing said vaporized contaminants.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
22 words
Apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said means for transforming includes microbial means for transforming said liquid toxic contaminants to non-toxic contaminants.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
30 words
Apparatus according to claim 21, further including cone means positioned in said nozzle means for directing said pressurized gas through said at least one orifice with substantially no pressure drop.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
17 words
Apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said nozzle means includes a plurality of orifices arranged circumferentially therearound.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
14 words
Apparatus according to claim 21, wherein each said orifice includes a substantially oval configuration.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
58 words
Apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said pressurized gas supply means includes compressor means for producing said pressurized gas, holding tank means for holding a supply of said pressurized gas and valve means for connecting said holding means with said tubular probe means in order to provide a rush of said pressurized gas to said tubular probe means.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
20 words
Apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said adjustment means includes means for slidably connecting said first and second packer means.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
96 words
Apparatus according to claim 28, wherein said means for slidably connecting includes a different diameter tube on which said second packer means is mounted, said different diameter tube being slidable with respect to said tube means, sealing means for sealing said tube means with said different diameter tube, a rod connected to said tube means and extending through said tube means and out of said different diameter tube, and spring means engaged between said rod and said different diameter tube for biasing said second packer means toward said first packer means while permitting relative movement therebetween.
Claim 35
Independent Claim
149 words
A method for eliminating non-naturally occurring, subsurface, liquid toxic contaminants from soil, comprising the steps of: a) pneumatically fracturing the soil, including the steps of: i) inserting a tubular probe partially into a well in the soil such that at least one orifice of a nozzle fluidly connected with said tubular probe is positioned at a predetermined height; ii) providing a sealed area in the well on opposite sides of said at least one orifice; iii) supplying a pressurized gas into said tubular probe such that the pressurized gas travels through the at least one orifice into the soil to produce a fractured soil formation; and iv) permitting relative movement between said first and second packer means in response to soil movement during a soil fracturing operation; and b) transforming said liquid toxic contaminants into a different state to decontaminate said soil, after creation of said fractured soil formation.
Claim 36
Independent Claim
149 words
A method for eliminating non-naturally occurring, subsurface, liquid toxic contaminants from soil, comprising the steps of: a) pneumatically fracturing the soil, including the steps of: i) inserting a tubular probe partially into a well in the soil such that at least one orifice of a nozzle fluidly connected with said tubular probe is positioned at a predetermined height; ii) providing a sealed area in the well on opposite sides of said at least one orifice; iii) supplying a pressurized gas into said tubular probe such that the pressurized gas travels through the at least one orifice into the soil to produce a fractured soil formation; and iv) permitting relative movement between said first and second packer means in response to soil movement during a soil fracturing operation; and b) transforming said liquid toxic contaminants into a different state to decontaminate said soil, after creation of said fractured soil formation.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method according to claim 30, wherein said step of transforming includes the step of vaporizing said liquid toxic contaminants and removing said vaporized contaminants.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 30, wherein said step of transforming includes the step of transforming said liquid toxic contaminants into non-toxic contaminants.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 30, further including the step of directing said pressurized air through said at least one orifice with substantially no pressure drop.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method according to claim 30, wherein said step of supplying pressurized gas includes the step of producing said pressurized gas, storing a large quantity of said produced pressurized gas and valving said large quantity of pressurized gas to said tubular probe at a predetermined time.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1994-07-15 | 1995-01-14 | 1995-07-16 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1998-07-15 | 1999-01-14 | 1999-07-16 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2002-07-15 | 2003-01-14 | 2003-07-16 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |