US5015993A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Ferromagnetic alloys with high nickel content and high permeability
Assignee: Pitney Bowes Inc
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Filing: 1989-06-29
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Granted: 1991-05-14
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Expires: 2009-06-29
Abstract
Abstract Nickel rich amorphous ferromagnetic alloys having a nickel content in the range of 35 to 55 atomic percent have been conceived. These alloys are in the amorphous state and exhibit high permeability relative to prior known amorphous ferromagnetic alloys. These nickel rich alloys can be produced by rapid solidification techniques without the need of subsequent heat treating.
Inventors
- 👤 John O. Strom-Olsen
- 👤 Piotr Z. Rudkowski
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 02:06
CPC Classifications
G; G08; G08B; G08B13/00; G08B13/22; G08B13/24; G08B13/2402; G08B13/2405; G08B13/2408; G08B13/2411; G08B13/2428; G08B13/2437; G08B13/244; G08B13/2442; H; H01; H01F; H01F1/00; H01F1/01; H01F1/03; H01F1/12; H01F1/14; H01F1/147; H01F1/153; H01F1/15308; H01F1/15391; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S428/00; Y10S428/922; Y10S428/9265; Y10S428/928
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 46
Claim 1
Independent Claim
56 words
A marker for use in an electronic article surveillance system, the marker comprising: a ferromagnetic amorphous ferromagnetic element containing 35 to 55% nickel, up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt and a combination thereof and made by rapid solidification from a molten ferromagnetic alloy, and a carrier for said ferromagnetic amorphous element.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
56 words
A marker for use in an electronic article surveillance system, the marker comprising: a ferromagnetic amorphous ferromagnetic element containing 35 to 55% nickel, up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt and a combination thereof and made by rapid solidification from a molten ferromagnetic alloy, and a carrier for said ferromagnetic amorphous element.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
11 words
The marker of claim 1, wherein said element is a fiber.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
11 words
The marker of claim 1, wherein said element is a ribbon.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
15 words
A marker as defined in claim 1, wherein the carrier comprises a pressure sensitive label.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
A marker as defined in claim 1, wherein the carrier comprises a tag.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
12 words
A marker as defined in claim 1, wherein the carrier comprises fabric.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
18 words
A marker as defined in claim 1, wherein the marker comprises paper into which the element is incorporated.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
50 words
A marker for use in an electronic article surveillance system, the marker comprising: an amorphous ferromagnetic element made from a molten alloy containing 35 to 55% nickel, up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt, including a combination thereof and a carrier for said ferromagnetic amorphous element.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
50 words
A marker for use in an electronic article surveillance system, the marker comprising: an amorphous ferromagnetic element made from a molten alloy containing 35 to 55% nickel, up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt, including a combination thereof and a carrier for said ferromagnetic amorphous element.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
15 words
The marker of claim 8 wherein said element is in the form of a fiber.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
15 words
The marker of claim 8 wherein said element is in the form of a ribbon.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
56 words
A marker for use in an electronic article surveillance system, the marker comprising: a rapidly solidified ferromagnetic amorphous fiber having 35 to 55% nickel, up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt, including a combination thereof, a length less than 15 millimeters and a cross-sectional area of less than 6×10 -3 square millimeters.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
56 words
A marker for use in an electronic article surveillance system, the marker comprising: a rapidly solidified ferromagnetic amorphous fiber having 35 to 55% nickel, up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt, including a combination thereof, a length less than 15 millimeters and a cross-sectional area of less than 6×10 -3 square millimeters.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
37 words
A marker as defined in claim 11, wherein the marker element has a t1/2 value of less than 10 microseconds at a driving frequency of 6kHz in a magnetic field of amplitude in the order of 10e.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
66 words
A composite web of markers for use in an electronic article surveillance system, the composite web comprising: a web, a plurality of labels releasably supported by said web and a plurality of amorphous ferromagnetic elements having a composition containing 35 to 55% nickel and up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt and a combination thereof and supported by each of said labels.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
66 words
A composite web of markers for use in an electronic article surveillance system, the composite web comprising: a web, a plurality of labels releasably supported by said web and a plurality of amorphous ferromagnetic elements having a composition containing 35 to 55% nickel and up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt and a combination thereof and supported by each of said labels.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
20 words
The composite web of markers of claim 13 wherein each of said elements is in the form of a fiber.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
16 words
The web of markers of claim 14 wherein said fibers are randomly oriented on each label.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
19 words
The web of markers of claim 13 wherein each of said elements is in the form of a ribbon.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
62 words
A method of making a marker for use in an electronic article surveillance system, comprising the steps of: rapidly solidifying an amorphous ferromagnetic element having a composition containing 35 to 55% nickel and up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt and a combination thereof from a pool of molten alloy, and incorporating the resulting element within a support.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
62 words
A method of making a marker for use in an electronic article surveillance system, comprising the steps of: rapidly solidifying an amorphous ferromagnetic element having a composition containing 35 to 55% nickel and up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt and a combination thereof from a pool of molten alloy, and incorporating the resulting element within a support.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 17 including forming said element into a fiber.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 17 including forming said element into a ribbon.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method as defined in claim 17, wherein the incorporating step includes incorporating the element into fabric.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method as defined in claim 9, wherein the incorporating step includes adding said fibers into a paper-making slurry, and converting the slurry into paper.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method as defined in claim 18, further comprising the step of cutting the fiber into a plurality of fiber pieces, and wherein the incorporating step includes mounting the fiber pieces on a plurality of support members.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method as defined in claim 22, wherein the cutting step includes cutting the fiber into a plurality of fiber pieces each having a predetermined length.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
73 words
A method of making a composite web of markers for use in an electronic article surveillance system, comprising the steps of: providing a web of material, placing amorphous ferromagnetic marker elements having a composition containing 35 to 55% nickel and up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt and a combination thereof on the web, and wherein the material is divided into labels each having at least one marker element.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
73 words
A method of making a composite web of markers for use in an electronic article surveillance system, comprising the steps of: providing a web of material, placing amorphous ferromagnetic marker elements having a composition containing 35 to 55% nickel and up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt and a combination thereof on the web, and wherein the material is divided into labels each having at least one marker element.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
66 words
A marker for producing a detectable response in an electronic article surveillance system, the marker comprising: a support element, an amorphous ferromagnetic fiber having a composition containing 35 to 55% nickel and up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt and a combination thereof supported by the support element, the fiber having a cross sectional area of less than 66×10 -3 square millimeters.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
66 words
A marker for producing a detectable response in an electronic article surveillance system, the marker comprising: a support element, an amorphous ferromagnetic fiber having a composition containing 35 to 55% nickel and up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt and a combination thereof supported by the support element, the fiber having a cross sectional area of less than 66×10 -3 square millimeters.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
75 words
A ferromagnetic marker for use in an article surveillance system comprising: an amorphous ferromagnetic fiber having a composition containing 35 to 55% nickel and up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt and a combination thereof and an aspect ratio of greater than 50, said ferromagnetic amorphous fiber being positioned between two dielectric sheets, and said sheets being joined so as to hold said ferromagnetic amorphous fibers therebetween to form a marker.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
75 words
A ferromagnetic marker for use in an article surveillance system comprising: an amorphous ferromagnetic fiber having a composition containing 35 to 55% nickel and up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt and a combination thereof and an aspect ratio of greater than 50, said ferromagnetic amorphous fiber being positioned between two dielectric sheets, and said sheets being joined so as to hold said ferromagnetic amorphous fibers therebetween to form a marker.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
17 words
The ferromagnetic marker of claim 26 wherein said marker has a length of less than one inch.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
64 words
An amorphous, ferromagnetic fiber having a composition containing 35 to 55% nickel and up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt and a combination thereof, a nominal diameter no greater than 80 microns and a t1/2 of less than 10 microseconds at a driving frequency of 6kHz and in a magnetic field of an amplitude in the order of one Oersted.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
64 words
An amorphous, ferromagnetic fiber having a composition containing 35 to 55% nickel and up to 35% of at least one of iron and cobalt and a combination thereof, a nominal diameter no greater than 80 microns and a t1/2 of less than 10 microseconds at a driving frequency of 6kHz and in a magnetic field of an amplitude in the order of one Oersted.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
15 words
The fiber of claim 28 wherein said fiber has an aspect ratio greater than 50.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
14 words
The fiber of claim 29 wherein said fiber has a kidney shaped cross section.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
14 words
The fiber of claim 30 wherein said fiber has a generally circular cross section.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
103 words
A ferromagnetic alloy, the composition comprising: N.sub.a C.sub.b F.sub.c S.sub.d B.sub.e M.sub.f where N is nickel C is cobalt F is iron S is silicon B is at least one of boron and phosphorous M is at least one of manganese, niobium, aluminum, chromium, vanadium and copper and "a-f" are in atom percent "a" ranges from 35 to 55 "b" is equal to or less than 35 "c" ranges from 0 to 35 "d" is equal to or less than 30 "e" is equal to or less than 30 "f" ranges from 0 to 10, said above ranges being given in atomic percent.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
103 words
A ferromagnetic alloy, the composition comprising: N.sub.a C.sub.b F.sub.c S.sub.d B.sub.e M.sub.f where N is nickel C is cobalt F is iron S is silicon B is at least one of boron and phosphorous M is at least one of manganese, niobium, aluminum, chromium, vanadium and copper and "a-f" are in atom percent "a" ranges from 35 to 55 "b" is equal to or less than 35 "c" ranges from 0 to 35 "d" is equal to or less than 30 "e" is equal to or less than 30 "f" ranges from 0 to 10, said above ranges being given in atomic percent.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
15 words
The alloy of claim 31 wherein said composition is in the form of a fiber.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
17 words
The ferromagnetic amorphous alloy of claim 3 wherein said composition is in the form of a ribbon.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
35 words
The composition of claim 32 wherein the amount of nickel is in the range of 45 to 50 atomic percent and the amounts of boron and silicon included therein are defined by the ratio ##EQU3##
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
20 words
The composition of claim 34 wherein the amounts of cobalt, iron, silicon and boron are defined by the ratio ##EQU4##
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1994-05-13 | 1994-11-12 | 1995-05-14 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1998-05-13 | 1998-11-12 | 1999-05-14 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2002-05-13 | 2002-11-12 | 2003-05-14 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |